Answer:
Oral poliovirus vaccine or Sabin vaccine, named for its inventor American physician and microbiologist Albert Sabin, was developed. OPV contains live attenuated (weakened) virus and is given orally.
Answer:
inactivated
Explanation:
the vaccine cannot be fully dead otherwise the vaccine wouldn't work. the vaccine cannot be alive because that would give us the disease and we are trying to prevent it. therefore, the vaccine is inactivated
Which of the following are reactants in the process of photosynthesis?
A.
glucose and oxygen
B.
carbon dioxide and water
C.
glucose and water
D.
carbon dioxide and oxygen
Answer:
C
Explanation:
5. Patrick met Patti at the dance. Both of them are heterozygous for their pink body color, which is
dominant over a yellow body color. Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result it
Patrick and Patti had children. HINT: Read question #3!
List the possible genotypes his children could have AND next to each genotype,
describe what phenotype it would have.
B.
What is the genotypic ratio?
Answer: If P is pink body color trait and p is yellow body color trait, and P is dominant over p which is recessive, therefore heterozygous for pink body color is Pp.
The possible genotypes of their children are PP, Pp and pp. There are 1PP, 2Pp and 1pp genotypes.
Genotypes ==> Phenotype
PP = pink body color
Pp = pink body color
pp = yellow body color
Genotypic ratio= 1PP : 2Pp : 1pp, which is, one homozygous pink body color : two heterozygous pink body color and 1 homozygous yellow body color.
Explanation:
PP will manifest phenotypically as pink body color, Pp will manifest phenotypically as pink body color while pp will manifest as yellow body color. This is because pink body color trait (P) is dominant over yellow body color trait (p) which is recessive.
See the attached punnett square for illustration
3. Why do fish vendors in the market spread salt onto cold frozen fish？
Answer:
Because salt dehydrates the fish and also freezes it and keeps it from thawing and rotting.
Explanation:
https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=20576&t=freezing-fish-with-salt
How is energy gained through the process of photosynthesis
Answer:
Energy is gained when the light energy that gets taken in by the chloroplasts turns water and carbon dioxide into glucose, which the plants use as food, and oxygen gas, which is released.
characteristics of fern plant
Answer:
A characteristic feature of ferns is their root structure. Ferns spread by rhizomes, which are stems that may run just above or just below the ground. The rhizomes produce fronds above them and roots below them. Some ferns have spreading habits while others have clumping forms, but both types produce roots from their rhizomes.
Explanation:
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Answer no 8:
The correct option is D) Antelopes with muscular legs are bale to outrun their predators better than antelopes with poor muscle tone. Thus they lived to reproduce.
Explanation:
Genetic variations in a population are the main reason that natural selection tends to occur. Natural selection favours those organisms which have better characteristics.The organisms with better traits are able to reproduce and pass on their characteristics to their offsprings.
Answer No 10:
The correct option is A) Phenotype directly influences the interaction of an organism with its environment.
Explanation:
The interactions between the phenotypic traits and the environment analyze whether a particular organism will be able to survive and pass on its characteristics to its offspring. Hence, the phenotype directly influences the interaction of an organism with its environment.
Answer No 9
The correct option is A) resistance to a virus
Explanation:
Mutations can be described as any changes which occur in the DNA of an organism. Mutations might be beneficial or harmful depending on the location where the mutation arises. Viruses are usually harmful for eukaryotes. Hence, the correct option is A.
Answer No 11:
The correct option is C) Giraffes with longer necks survived because they were better suited to the environment.
Explanation:
Natural selection tends to favour those organsims which are better suited to live in an environment. Those organisms with better characteristics are able to survive and pass on their traits to their offsprings.
The giraffes with longer necks were better adapted to live in the environment and hence were favoured by natural selection.
Answer No 12:
The correct option is D) selective breeding
Explanation:
Selective breeding can be described as a technique in which organisms with better characteristics are crossed, so that offsprings with better characteristics can be produced. Selective breeding is done by humans where as natural selection is done by the nature.
What might happen to the ecosystem if toucans were removed
When toucans are removed from an ecosystem it leads to loss of hardwood trees, deforestation, and global warming.
Explanation:
Toucans are very attractive brightly colored large birds which are fruigivore (fruit-eaters). They are specially adapted with a large, sharp but lightweight bill which helps the toucans to reach to branches to pick fruits, berries, seeds mostly which are larger and difficult for the smaller birds to eat.
Their main habitat for the toucan is the rainforests. They are woodland birds and stay mostly on hardwood trees.
Toucans help the rainforest ecosystem to grow by dispersing the seeds of the fruits they eat all around the forest as they keep flying. This makes the species of trees from which toucans pick their fruits to increase and makes the rainforest healthy.
When toucans are removed, then dispersal of seeds becomes less and spreading of hardwood trees will be reduced slowly leading to deforestation and drying up of forest lands.
Bigger hardwood trees play a major role in reducing carbon footprint compared to the softwood smaller trees and this increase in carbon will lead to global warming.
RS = 4(x-3)+6 and RT = 5(2x-6)
The value of x = 4
Explanation:
RS = 4(x-3)+6
= 4x-12+6
= 4x-6
RT = 5(2x-6)
= 10x-30
Showing left hand side is equal to right hand side.
4x-6 = 10x-30
Divide both left hand side and right hand side by 2, we get:
2x-3 = 5x-15
Rearrange both the sides
-3+15 = 5x-2x
12 = 3x
x = 4
Thus, the value of x is 4
2. Is it common for natural populations to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Explain
Explanation:
According to Hardy Weinberg, the gene and allele frequencies for a population should ideally remain unchanged (stable) over generations. However, assumptions by Hardy Weinberg for a population to be at equilibrium can hardly be held true, naturally. This is because;
There is always some form of immigration and emigration within a populationA population can hardly be infinitely largeMutations do occur in populationsIn some occasions, mating within the population may not be randomNatural selection is always at play within populationsLearn More:
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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is not common in natural populations due to various evolutionary forces such as mutation, migration, selection, genetic drift, and non-random mating.
Explanation:In natural populations, it is rare for populations to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a concept that describes an idealized population where the allele frequencies do not change from generation to generation. However, in reality, various factors such as mutation, migration, selection, genetic drift, and non-random mating can all disrupt the equilibrium.
For example, genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies due to chance events. Small populations are more susceptible to genetic drift, and as natural populations are often small, they are more likely to experience random changes in allele frequencies.
Overall, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium provides a useful theoretical framework, but it is not commonly observed in natural populations due to the presence of various evolutionary forces.
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Compared with ionic compounds, molecular compounds have lower
Answer:
Melting and boiling points.
Explanation:
That s is because the bonding in ionic compounds is much stronger than covalent compounds.
Molecular compounds have lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds because the intermolecular forces within molecular compounds are weaker than the ionic bonds in ionic compounds, requiring less energy to disrupt.
Explanation:Compared with ionic compounds, molecular compounds have lower melting and boiling points. This is because molecular compounds, also known as covalent compounds, are composed of molecules held together by various types of intermolecular attractions, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. These forces are significantly weaker than the ionic bonds found in ionic compounds, which are typically formed between metals and nonmetals and create a rigid crystalline structure. Hence, less energy is required to disrupt the intermolecular forces in molecular compounds, resulting in their generally lower melting and boiling points. For example, water, a molecular compound, melts at 0 °C and boils at 100 °C, whereas sodium chloride, an ionic compound, melts at 801 °C and boils at 1413 °C. These characteristics also lead to molecular compounds being poorer electrical conductors and having varied water solubility based on the type of intermolecular forces involved.
An ice cube melts and becomes a liquid. What happened to the particles that made up the ice cube?
A.
The mass of the ice cube's particles decreased.
B.
The amount of potential energy in the ice cube's particles increased.
C.
The size of the ice cube's particles decreased.
D.
The amount of kinetic energy in the ice cube's particles increased.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Which of the following are components of the nonspecific immune response?
I.
mucous
II.
skin
III.
macrophages
IV.
T lymphocytes
V.
B lymphocytes
The following are components of the nonspecific immune response are mucous.
What are the nonspecific immune response?Innate, or nonspecific, immunity is the protection device with that you have been born. It protects you towards all antigens. Innate immunity entails limitations that maintain dangerous substances from coming into your body.
At mucosal surfaces, most effective the mucus layer stands among invading virus and stay cells. The mucus layer paperwork a bodily barrier that entraps overseas debris and consists of them out of the body; it additionally incorporates nonspecific inhibitors.
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What was the control in Pasteur's experiment?
A.uncovered meat that had contact with air
B.a straight neck flask to allow air to get in
C.a swan neck flask that prevented air from getting in
D.meat sealed in jars that didn’t have contact with air
A swan neck flask that prevented air from getting in was the control in Pasteur's experiment. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
What is Pasteur's experiment?The experiment was designed to test the hypothesis of spontaneous generation, which proposed that living organisms could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. To test this, Pasteur used swan-necked flasks that allowed air to enter but prevented microorganisms from getting in. The flasks containing the nutrient broth were boiled to sterilize the contents and the curved neck of the flasks prevented dust and microorganisms from entering.
The control group in this experiment was the flask with the nutrient broth that was not exposed to the external environment. This flask was used as a comparison to the experimental group, which was a flask with the nutrient broth that was exposed to the external environment. By comparing the growth of microorganisms in the two groups, Pasteur was able to demonstrate that microorganisms do not arise spontaneously from non-living matter, but rather come from pre-existing microorganisms.
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68. A biologist was culturing some muscle cells
from a mouse (an aerobic organism) in a petri
dish. He was interested in measuring the amount
of ATP produced by the muscle cells when the
cells were supplied with glucose. At the beginning
of the experiment, the cells were producing large
quantities of ATP. He then added a substance
called malonic acid to the cell culture, and the
amount of ATP produced fell to near zero.
a) Which organelles in the muscle cells were
most likely affected by the malonic acid?
b) Why did the ATP production fall to near zero
but not actually zero?
c) Propose a testable hypothesis concerning res-
piration in cells treated with malonic acid.
d) Predict the effect of malonic acid on an anaer-
obic organism and explain your prediction.
Final answer:
The malonic acid most likely affected the mitochondria in the muscle cells, leading to a decrease in ATP production. The ATP production fell to near zero but not actually zero because other metabolic pathways like glycolysis can still generate small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen. A testable hypothesis could be that malonic acid inhibits the enzymes involved in aerobic respiration, leading to a decrease in ATP production. If malonic acid is added to an anaerobic organism, it is unlikely to have a significant effect on ATP production.
Explanation:
The organelles in the muscle cells most likely affected by the malonic acid are the mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy-carrying molecule in cells. The malonic acid likely disrupted the normal functioning of the mitochondria, leading to a decrease in ATP production.
The ATP production fell to near zero but not actually zero because there may have still been a small amount of ATP being produced through other metabolic pathways in the cells, such as glycolysis. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that can generate small amounts of ATP even in the absence of oxygen.
A testable hypothesis concerning respiration in cells treated with malonic acid could be that the malonic acid inhibits the enzymes involved in aerobic respiration, leading to a decrease in ATP production. This hypothesis could be tested by comparing the ATP production in cells treated with malonic acid to cells not treated with malonic acid.
If malonic acid is added to an anaerobic organism, it is likely to have little to no effect on ATP production. Anaerobic organisms rely primarily on glycolysis for ATP production, which does not require oxygen or functioning mitochondria. Therefore, the malonic acid would not significantly impact ATP production in an anaerobic organism.
What dietary changes would facilitate food intake for those with oral cavity problems?
Answer:
Good oral health and diet
fruits. vegetables. lean sources of protein such as lean beef, skinless poultry and fish; dry beans, peas and other legumes. low-fat and fat-free dairy foods.
Explanation:
Final answer:
Dietary modifications such as pureeing or chopping foods can help those with oral cavity problems eat more easily. Maintaining oral health is essential for overall well-being, as dental issues can lead to malnutrition and exacerbate other health conditions.
Explanation:
To accommodate those with oral cavity problems, dietary changes such as modifying food textures can significantly enhance the ability to eat comfortably. Solid foods can be pureed, ground, or chopped, which simplifies the process of chewing and swallowing, and minimizes the risk of aspiration. Oral health professionals such as speech therapists, dentists, and dietitians often collaborate to define suitable diets for individuals with dysphagia—a condition of impaired swallowing.
When dental issues prevent efficient chewing, the use of dentures or specially prepared softened foods like purees can be helpful. If there are difficulties with swallowing, increasing fluid intake during meals is advised. Consultation with healthcare professionals is important whenever chewing or swallowing issues arise.
Furthermore, a healthy oral environment is crucial for general well-being. Poor oral health can result in difficulty eating, malnutrition, and may exacerbate other health conditions, particularly in the elderly and those with serious illnesses. Therefore, ensuring a healthy mouth is essential not only for ease of food intake but also for maintaining overall health.
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
.The
A gene on a chromosome lies close to another gene controlling a different trait. This indicates that the genes are
first gene contributes to the expression of the second gene. This indicates
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Answer:
A gene on a chromosome lies close to another gene controlling a different trait. This indicates that the genes are strongly linked . The first gene contributes to the expression of the second gene. This indicates polygenic inheritance.
Answer:
A gene on a chromosome lies close to another gene controlling a different trait. This indicates that the genes are strongly linked . The first gene contributes to the expression of the second gene. This indicates polygenic inheritance .
Explanation:
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Suppose you can read the sequence of bases on only one strand of the double helix. What would you use to figure out the sequence on the other strand?
a.
base pairing rules
b.
central dogma
c.
x-ray crystallography
d.
sugar pairing rules
Answer:a). base pairing rules
Explanation: A DNA is a double stranded helix in which the two DNA strands are antiparallel and complementary to each other. Watson and Crick developed the base pairing rules that adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. The complementary strand are not the same in base sequence and composition instead anywhere adenine is found in one strand, thymine is found in the other strand and anywhere cytosine is found in one strand, guanine occurs in the other strand.
what is the length and circumference of the opening of vigina
Answer:
69m and 52hshnshjnshshsn
Answer:
pleasure
Explanation:
;)
Euglena is a unicellular organism with both chloroplasts and mitochondria. If scientists remove all of the chloroplasts from a Euglena and can no longer perform photosynthesis? How would it have to get its food?
Answer: euglena can feed as an heterotrophs (feeding on other organism)
Explanation:
Euglena takes in nutrient by taking in dissolved organic compound by osmosis for nutrition, and can survive without light.
Euglena absorbs the food directly through the cell membrane , entraps the food particles in a vacoule for digestion.
Read the lines from “Twelfth Song of Thunder.”
The voice that beautifies the land!
The voice above,
The voice of the thunder
Within the dark cloud
Again and again it sounds,
The voice that beautifies the land.
Based on the content of this passage, what do the Navajo people believe?
Thunder is a powerful force that should not be underestimated.
Thunder is terrifying and one should not be outside when it crashes.
Thunder is a minor natural event that should really go unnoticed.
Thunder is astonishing and makes the land more wondrous.
Answer:
The correct option is D) Thunder is astonishing and makes the land more wondrous.
Explanation:
These lines from the "Twelfth Song of Thunder" shows that the Navajo people consider the voice of thunder as a blessing. They think that the way a thunder looks in the dark clouds and the voice that it makes is indeed astonishing and wondrous.
Answer:
D is the answer
Explanation:
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what group is a fish found in?
Answer:
Species: buccinator
Genus: Cygnus
Family: Anatidae
Explanation:
which of the following most accuratley describes most scientists current under standing of the evolution of humans? a) humans evolved from gorillas and other primates. b) gorillas evolved from humans and chimpanzees. c) humans, chimpanzees, and other primates share a common ancestor. d) humans have not evolved.
Answer:
a) humans evolved from gorillas and other primates.
Explanation:
What Darwin proposed, in fact, is that apes and humans have a recent common ancestor that places both apes and humans in the group of primates. This is the theory currently accepted to explain the evolution of humans, so the correct answer to your question is the letter A.
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Where does the mitochondrial DNA originate?
Answer:
It originated in the nucleus’s
Explanation:
Due to the DNA origin.
Name the steps of meiosis shown in the diagrams below.
Answer:
a. Anaphase 2
b. Metaphase 1
c. Telophase 1
d. Prophase 1
e. Telophase 2
Explanation:
Following is a summary of the events of meiosis:
Interphase:
Prepares the cell for division. Duplication of DNA, duplication of centrioles occurs and the cell grows in size. At this stage the cell is diploid (2n).
Prophase 1:
First stage of Meiosis 1.The centrioles move to the poles of the cell, the nuclear membrane disintegrates, homologous chromosomes pair up (in the form of tetrad), form a chiasmata and then exchange segments of chromosomes with each other. This process is called crossing over.
Metaphase 1:
Involves the arrangement of the crossed over, homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate which is sort of like a web of spindle fibers that originates from the centrioles.
Anaphase 1:
The tetrads arranged on the metaphase plate are pulled apart by the spindle fibers. This is the result of tension that build up in the spindle fibers as they grow towards opposite poles.
Telophase 1:
The last stage of meiosis 1. Involves the arrival of the chromosomes at the poles, the nuclear membrane starts to form and the chromosomes start decondensing. Telophase 1 yields 2 daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as that in the parent cell.
Meiosis 2:
Meiosis 2 is exactly similar to mitosis. The only difference is that the haploid cells entering meiosis 2 do not duplicate their DNA. Meiosis 2 just involves the separation of the sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
As mentioned above, interphase does not occur before meiosis 2.Prophase 2 involves the disintegration of nuclear envelope, centrosomes start moving to the poles.Metaphase 2 arranges the chromosomes on metaphase plate.Anaphase 2 separates the sister chromatids from the chromosomes.Telophase 2 develops the nuclear envelope and separates the nuclei of the daughter cells into 2. Nuclear division id followed by cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm). Telophase 2 result sin 4 haploid daughter cells with one chromatid from each chromosome.The steps of meiosis shown in the diagrams are: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Cytokinesis I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokinesis II.
Explanation:The steps of meiosis shown in the diagrams are:
Prophase I: During this phase, the chromosomes condense and pair up, a process called synapsis. Crossing over also occurs, where genetic material is exchanged between homologous pairs of chromosomes.Metaphase I: The paired homologous chromosomes align at the equator of the cell.Anaphase I: The homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.Telophase I: The chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes form around each set.Cytokinesis I: The cell cytoplasm divides, resulting in two haploid cells.Prophase II: This phase is similar to prophase in mitosis, where the chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form.Metaphase II: The chromosomes align at the equator of the cell.Anaphase II: The sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.Telophase II: The chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes form around each set.Cytokinesis II: The cytoplasm divides, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.Learn more about Meiosis here:https://brainly.com/question/32192580
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What is an important difference between an everyday theory and a scientific
theory?
A)A scientific theory is the same thing as a hypothesis.
B)An everyday theory is the same thing as a hypothesis.
C)A scientific theory does not have large amounts of evidence
supporting it.
D)An everyday theory does not have large amounts of evidence
supporting it.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
An everyday theory is known not to have large amounts of evidence supporting it.
It seems similar to a hypothesis only that in Science, a hypothesis leads to a test while an everyday theory can be a final say on an occurrence.
Answer:
Sample question: An everyday "theory” is a guess or hunch. A scientific theory is a reliable explanation that is supported by facts gathered over time through repeated observation and experimentation.
Explanation:
What is instantaneous speciation?
an interdependent relationship between two or more species
a type of speciation that only occurs on islands
the formation of a new species over a few generations
a type of speciation that leads to rapid extinction
Explanation:
This is a type of speciation where new species are produced which are separated from the parental individual by biological or geographical barrier.This type of speciation occur among individual and not in a population.It is a kind of sympatric speciation which is caused by poliploidy.NEED HELP ASAP!!!!!!
Heat is distributed through the atmosphere by winds
True
False
The geosphere includes only the rocks sitting on the surface of the planet.
True
False
A tropical storm is an example of what two spheres of the earth interacting?
A.atmosphere and hydrosphere
B.geosphere and cryosphere
C.biosphere and atmosphere
D.cryosphere and atmosphere
The biosphere includes all of the fish that are in the ocean. Even though the ocean is part of the hydroshere.
True
False
The atmosphere controls and distributes heat.
True
False
One way the geosphere could affect the atmosphere is?
A. The oceans evaporate
B. a rock falls off a cliff
C. rain runs down a mountain and into the river which eventually makes it's way to the ocean.
D. A volcano erupts and throws gas into the atmosphere.
Answer:
false
Explanation:the small winds wehave down here dont effect the atmosheres heat the atmoshere is burning hot regardless.
Which chemical equation is properly balanced?
A. 4Ba + S, → 2BaS
B. 4HgO + 4Hg + 30,
C. 2FeO + 4C → Fe + CO,
D. Sil, + 2Mg → Si + 2Mgl,
The properly balanced chemical equation is option A. 4Ba + S, → 2BaS.
Explanation:The properly balanced chemical equation is option A. 4Ba + S, → 2BaS.
To balance a chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element should be the same on both sides of the equation. In option A, there are 4 barium (Ba) atoms and 1 sulfur (S) atom on both sides. Therefore, this equation is properly balanced.
In the other options, there is an imbalance in the number of atoms of one or more elements.
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What is one condition that must be met for a population to be in genetic equilibrium
One condition that must be met for a population to be in genetic equilibrium is the absence of mutations. Other conditions include no migration, a very large population, random mating, and no natural selection as stated by the Hardy-Weinberg theorem.
Explanation:Conditions for Genetic EquilibriumFor a population to be in genetic equilibrium, certain conditions must be met. One of these conditions is no mutation, meaning there should be no change in the DNA sequence. Alongside this, other essential conditions include no migration (no individuals entering or leaving the population), a very large population size to minimize the impact of genetic drift, random mating among individuals without any selective pressures, and no natural selection, where all genotypes have equal probabilities of survival and reproduction.
The Hardy-Weinberg theorem suggests that maintaining these conditions will result in allele and genotype frequencies that do not change over time, indicating no evolutionary forces at play. However, it is recognized that these conditions are rarely, if ever, fully met in natural populations due to the influence of evolutionary processes such as drift, mutation, migration, and selection.
Hemophilia is a disorder in which hemostasis is disrupted. What are some possible errors that could cause this disorder?
Answer:
The possible errors that could cause the disorder of hemophilia in the human body are given below :
Genetically : The main reason for the occurance of hemophilia in the human body through genetically. Genetically means that hemophilia inherent from parents to the child. It is a disease in which body unable to clot the injured part of the body. The cells which are responsible for blood cloting is platelets.
Explanation: