Answer:organisms that happen to share a common trait, even though they evolved
Explanation: polyphyletic groups have similar characteristics but
that have been grouped together
They do not share an immediate common ancestor.
Polyphyletic group is characterized by organisms that happen to share a common trait.
Polyphyletic groups are groups of organisms that include species with similar characteristics that have evolved from more than one ancestor. These characteristics may appear to be similar due to convergent evolution rather than deriving from a common ancestor.
In pea plants being tall (T) is dominant over being short (t). Also in pea plants having green pods (G) is dominant over yellow pods (g). One plant named George, is heterozygous for height (Tt) and homozygous for yellow pods (gg). George is crossed with another plant named Cici that is homozygous for height (TT) and heterozygous for green pods (Gg). What gametes will the plant named George produce
Answer:
1 Tg: 1 tg
Explanation:
The plant named George is heterozygous for height (Tt) and homozygous for yellow pods (gg). Therefore, its genotype is Ttgg. The two alleles for the height (T and t) would segregate from each other and will be distributed to different gametes. The presence of similar gametes for pod color (only "g") would make this plant to make all the gametes having "g" allele. Therefore, 50% gametes from this plant would have one copy of T and one copy of the g allele while the rest 50% would have one copy of "t" and one copy of the "g" allele.
Gametes produced by George= 1 Tg: 1 tg
Plant George, being heterozygous for height (Tt) and homozygous for yellow pods (gg), can produce gametes having the genotypes Tg or tg following Mendelian genetics principles.
Explanation:Given the genetic makeup of the pea plant George, who is heterozygous for height (Tt) and homozygous for yellow pods (gg), George can produce two types of gametes. Because he is heterozygous for height, the gametes may either have the allele T for tall (dominant) or t for short (recessive). However, since George is homozygous for yellow pods, all his gametes will carry the recessive allele g. Overall, George's distinctions are Tg or tg. This follows the rules of Mendelian genetics where gametes carry only one of each pair of an organism's genes which are then randomly passed onto the offspring.
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Describe the interaction between bacteria and an antibiotic.
Subject: Anatomy and Physiology
Answer:
Antibiotics are chemicals that kills the growth of bacteria and can be used in the treatment of bacterial infections. They work by breaking the cell wall of bacteria.
In turn antibiotics are produced in nature by soil bacteria and fungi.
What organ system is often the first to show signs and symptoms in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?
Answer: RESPIRATORY ORGAN
Explanation:
Respiratory failure is common in the first 72 hours. Subsequently, one might see liver failure (5–7 days), gastrointestinal bleeding (10–15 days) and kidney failure (11–17 days).
Some species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria have adapted to grow in nodules of legumes such as peas and clover. These bacteria make nitrogen available to the plant and in turn, receive nutrients from the tissues of the plant. This type of interaction is known as A) commensalism. B) hybridization. C) mutualism. D) parasitism.
Answer:
Mutualism
Explanation:
Mutualism: is a relationship between individuals of different species in which both individuals benefit from each other without causing no harm. Example is the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants.
Bacteria can regulate gene expression due to changes in the environment. How are these changes communicated to the cell?
Bacteria adjust their gene expression to environmental changes through mechanisms such as production of alarmones, quorum sensing, and use of regulatory molecules like repressors, activators, and inducers.
Explanation:Bacteria can regulate gene expression in response to environmental changes through different mechanisms. When exposed to different environmental cues, such as change in nutrient levels or cell density, bacteria can adjust their gene transcription to favor survival. They achieve this using alarmones, intracellular molecules produced in relation to environmental stressors.
Some bacteria employ quorum sensing, a mechanism where they produce chemical signals that detect population density and regulate gene expression accordingly. Further, bacteria can alter the sigma factor of their RNA polymerase in accordance with environmental conditions, enabling a more global change in regulon transcription.
Last but not least, bacteria have certain regulatory molecules such as repressors, activators, and inducers that can affect gene transcription. Activators and repressors are cellularly-produced proteins that control gene transcription by binding to specific DNA sites. Inducers, on the other hand, are small molecules that may be produced by the cell or present in its environment. Their role is to activate or repress transcription based on the cell's needs and substrate availability.
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A species of fish living in a stream displays variation in body color. Fifty years ago, most of the fish were light colored but a few were dark colored. Over time, the clear water of the stream became cloudy and the population of dark-colored fish increased. Which statement explains why more dark colored fish were found after the water became cloudy
Answer:
More dark colored fish survived long enough to reproduce
Explanation:
The rule of natural selection selection is that, survival is for the fittest.
For natural selection to occur, there must be a variation between the group of species and reproduction where the superior genes can be passed to the offsprings.
In this case, the variation was some fish were dark others were light colored.
When the water turned cloudy the dark colored fish were able to survive long enough to reproduce compared to the light colored fish.
Final answer:
The increase in dark-colored fish in a stream after the water became cloudy is an example of directional selection, where the murkier conditions provided a survival advantage to dark-colored fish. In the situation with two species of sympatrically speciated fish, pollution could lead to interbreeding due to impaired visual signaling. Changes in DOC levels demonstrated how species can affect their environments, impacting ecological relationships.
Explanation:
The question deals with the concept of natural selection and how environmental changes can influence the traits within a population. In the given scenario, after the stream water became cloudy, the population of dark-colored fish increased. This could be explained by directional selection, where certain traits become more favorable due to changes in the environment. In this case, the dark coloration likely provided better camouflage in the murky water, resulting in higher survival rates for dark-colored fish. Over time, these fish reproduce more successfully than the light-colored fish, leading to more dark-colored offspring and a shift in the population's color variation.
In the case of the two species of fish that had undergone sympatric speciation, the inability of females to distinguish colors due to the polluted, cloudy lake could lead to a breakdown in reproductive isolation. Without clear visual cues, there may be an increase in interbreeding between the two species, potentially leading to hybrid offspring.
An interesting observation related to the environment's impact on species was noted in tanks with two-species fish versus single-species fish. The introduction and increase of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) altered the water clarity and had a significant effect on ecological dynamics, showing the complex interactions between species and their environments.
Albinism is a recessive disorder in which the skin and hair fail to produce pigment. The following question(s) ask you to evaluate the pedigree chart shown here in which "N" is the allele for normal pigmentation and "n" is the allele for albinism. The shaded circles for Deirdre and Shannon represent the only individuals expressing the disorder.According to the pedigree above, who is a not a carrier of albino?
A. Aaron
B. Bill
C. Brandon
D. All of the above are carriers of albino
Answer:
D. All of the above are carriers of albino
Explanation:
Now according to pedigree:
1st generation both male and female are carriers of albino and in result of that Dierdre is disordered (nn) and when Dierdre (nn) is married to person who is carrier (Nn) because their daughter Shannon is also disordered (nn). It means one allele from mother (nn) and one allele from father (Nn) comes and affect the Shannon (nn).
As mother Dierdre is effective having both nn alleles so everytime she share n allele to her offsprings.
So, according to explanation above Aaron, Bill and Brandon all are carriers of albino.
You are filling up a glass with cold water in the sink and are not paying close attention. You notice the water is filling very quickly, so to stop it from overflowing, you turn off the faucet. Luckily, you stop the water just in time, but you notice that the water at the top of the glass is not perfectly flat. Instead, it forms a convex shape over the top of the glass. What causes this?
Answer:
Cohesion of the water
Explanation:
Hope this help!!
A company is debating whether to enter a new industry. The first order of business is to conduct an analysis of the five forces. Why is this a crucial first step in the decision-making process of entering a new industry?
Answer:
Option A, If the barrier for entry is low, and suppliers and buyers have strong bargaining power, the venture will most likely fail.
Explanation:
Complete question is as follows -
A company is debating whether to enter a new industry. The first order of business is to conduct an analysis of the five forces. Why is this a crucial first step in the decision-making process of entering a new industry?
a. If the barrier for entry is low, and suppliers and buyers have strong bargaining power, the venture will most likely fail.
b. If the barrier for entry is high, and suppliers and buyers have low power, the venture will most likely fail.
c. If the barrier for entry is low, and suppliers and buyers have high power, the venture will most likely succeed.
d. If the barrier for entry is high, and suppliers and buyers have high power, the venture will most likely succeed.
Solution
There are fiver forces which should be assessed while entering into new industry which are as follows -
• Competitive rivalry- Markets with less competiveness are attractive but may not survive long while on the other hand market with high competitiveness reduce the power of new entrant
• Threat of substitute products – Customers may find substitute for the product and services offered by your company in lieu to the changing technology and science
• Bargaining power of buyers – Customers need to be offered with the most reasonable prices or else your business may not work out,
• Threat of new entrants – This always exists as there are lot of angle investor groups in the market that are making the competition fierce by funding the startups easily
• Bargaining power of suppliers – The number of suppliers must be high so that bargaining can be done for raw material and labor.
Hence, option A is correct
In an experiment described in your text, scientists were collecting data in an attempt to understand factors impacting the proliferation and success of the chytrid fungus pathogen that has dramatically impacted frog populations globally. In the graph pictured, scientists observed that frog species with higher average body temperature tended to have lower infection rates. Is this observational study analytical or descriptive?
Answer:
Descriptive
Explanation:
Descriptive studies are conducted when the there is no reference of the problem or observation. It provides an opportunity to study something new. While an Analytic study references exists and hence inferences can be drawn based on the questioning, surveys, hypothesis testing and comparisons. In this study no hypothesis is conducted to determine a solution, instead in depth study of existing scenarios and facts is done to determine the factors affecting proliferation in frogs.
Hence, the given study is descriptive
Final answer:
The observational study is analytical as it examines the relationship between frog body temperatures and chytrid fungus infection rates.
Explanation:
The observation that frog species with higher average body temperatures tend to have lower infection rates by the chytrid fungus pathogen is part of an observational study. Based on the information given, the study can be classified as analytical because it involves comparing infection rates across different species with varying body temperatures to understand the factors affecting the proliferation and success of the chytrid fungus. Analytical observational studies focus on analyzing relationships between variables, in this case, body temperature and infection rates, rather than merely describing characteristics of a population without looking for existing relationships, which would be descriptive.
Storage forms of glucose in living things include _____.
Answer: Starch, Cellulose, inulin etc
Explanation:
Several units of glucose (monosaccharides) are linked to form polysaccharides. These polysaccharides are found in living things
For example:
In plants, starch serve as a stored form of energy, while cellulose, an indigestible material provide strength to plants
Also, starch consists of monosaccharides i.e glucose units with an alpha α-1, 4-glycosidic bond; while cellulose has the same glucose units, but linked by beta β-1, 4-glycosidic bonds
Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in animals and starch in plants. Glycogen is mainly stored in the liver and muscle cells and is released through the process of glycogenolysis during low blood glucose levels or fasting.
Explanation:Storage forms of glucose in living things include glycogen and starch. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates, and is made up of monomers of glucose. It is a highly branched molecule usually stored in liver and muscle cells. When blood glucose levels decrease, glycogen is broken down to release glucose in a process known as glycogenolysis. Starch, on the other hand, is the storage form of glucose in plants, comprising 20% to 25% amylose and 75% to 80% amylopectin.
In contrast, storage of glucose as glycogen is more efficient since it requires much less water than storing glucose directly.
During periods of fasting or when there is a need for glucose, the body can draw on these glycogen reserves. The liver, with a higher percentage of glycogen by weight, plays a critical role in maintaining blood glucose levels by releasing glucose during fasting or energy-demanding situations.
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Which two statements are true about dehydration synthesis?
A. An OH group from one component and an H atom from the other form a water molecule.
B. Polymers are broken down into shorter chains or monomers.
C. Monomers or polymers are joined to form longer chains.
D. A molecule of water is consumed.
E. Its atoms are added to a bond, putting an OH group on one end and a hydrogen atom on the other.
Answer:
A. An OH group from one component and an H atom from the other form a water molecule.
C. Monomers or polymers are joined to form longer chains.
Explanation:
Dehydration reactions are the ones in which a water molecule is released during the formation of a covalent bond. Since these are "synthesis" reactions, complex molecules are formed from the simpler monomers. Therefore, dehydration synthesis refers to the reactions that form complex polymers by joining the monomers together.
For example, when a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids, OH group from one amino acid and "H" from the other amino acid join together and are released in the form of "H2O". A covalent bond is formed between the two amino acids. many amino acids are joined together in this way to form long polypeptide chains.
Dehydration synthesis involves the formation of longer chains by joining monomers or polymers together, accompanied by the removal of a water molecule.
Explanation:The two statements that are true about dehydration synthesis are:
An OH group from one component and an H atom from the other form a water molecule. During dehydration synthesis, a water molecule is removed as two monomers or polymers join together to form a longer chain. The OH group from one molecule combines with the H atom from the other to form water.A molecule of water is consumed. Dehydration synthesis involves the loss of water, meaning that a molecule of water is used up during the process of joining monomers or polymers together.Learn more about Dehydration synthesis here:https://brainly.com/question/31871321
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A heterozygous y'all yellow plant is crossed with a homozygous short green. What will be the genotypes and phenotypes, and probabilities of the first generation?
The cross between a heterozygous tall yellow plant and a homozygous short green plant produces first-generation offspring with a variety of genotypes and phenotypes based on allele dominance. The probabilities need to be calculated using a Punnett square.
Explanation:When a heterozygous tall yellow plant is crossed with a homozygous short green plant, the resulting genotypes and phenotypes of the first generation can be predicted using a Punnett square. Assuming tall (T) is dominant to short (t) and yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y), and if tall is linked with yellow and short with green, the resulting genotypes could be TtYy, ttyy, ttYy, and Ttyy. To analyze this, we only need a 2 × 2 Punnett square since two of the alleles (Y from the tall yellow plant and y from the short green plant) are homozygous.
The phenotypes of the first generation will be based on the dominance of the alleles. The potential phenotypic outcomes are tall yellow, tall green, short yellow, and short green plants. Since we are crossing a heterozygous plant with a homozygous plant, the probabilities for each phenotype are not a simple 3:1 or 1:2:1 ratio, but rather they need to be calculated based on the individual alleles involved.
A BbGg x bbgg cross yields a phenotypic ratio of approximately 5 black eyes, green skin : 5 orange eyes, white skin : 1 black eyes, white skin : 1 orange eyes, green skin. Which of the following best explains these results?
A.Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment are being violated.
B.The heterozygous individual is male, and the homozygous individual is female.
C.The genes for eye color and skin color are co-dominant.
D.Mendel's law of independent assortment is being violated.
E. Mendel's law of segregation is being violated.
Answer:
D.Mendel's law of independent assortment is being violated.
Explanation:
According to Mendel in his law of independent assortment, the allele of one gene gets sorted into gametes independently of the allele of another gene. He discovered this when he performed a cross involving two characters i.e. dihybrid cross, which he obtained a F2 phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1. This ratio is only possible if each allele of each gene is represented in each gamete i.e. a dominant allele of the first gene is equally likely possible to be contained with a dominant or recessive allele in the second gene.
If this occurs according to the Mendel's law of independent assortment, a total of four possible combinations of gametes should be produced by each parent organism. When this 4 gametes are crossed in a punnet square, a total of 16 offsprings will be possible.
However, in this case, a total of 12 offsprings were produced, depicting that the alleles did not separate independently of one another to produce four possible gametes.
The observation that the genes for eye color and skin color are not assorting independently in this cross violation indicates a violation of Mendel's law of independent assortment, suggesting these genes are likely linked on the same chromosome.
Explanation:The phenotypic ratio given - about 5 black eyes, green skin : 5 orange eyes, white skin : 1 black eyes, white skin : 1 orange eyes, green skin - indicates that there are two genes in play here: one for eye color and one for skin color. Also, those genes are not assorting independently. This is a clear violation of Mendel's law of independent assortment, which states that alleles for different traits segregate, or assort, independently of each other during gamete formation.
So, the best fit of the given options would be (D) Mendel's law of independent assortment is being violated. Consideration of the phenotypic ratio in this cross indicates that the genes determining eye and skin color are not being sorted into gametes independently, suggesting these genes are linked or close together on the same chromosome.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is an example of an infectious disease that has been largely controlled in developed countries like the United States but remains a major cause of death in developing countries. Tuberculosis (TB) is an example of an infectious disease that has been largely controlled in developed countries like the United States but remains a major cause of death in developing countries. True False
Answer: True
Explanation:
Tuberculosis(TB) is most common in developing countries where many people live in absolute poverty, than in developed countries.
In underdeveloped and developing countries people lack proper education on the spread of tuberculosis, they live and work in poorly ventilated and overcrowded conditions, which provide ideal conditions for TB bacteria to spread.
In developing countries where people have limited access to healthcare system, people with HIV who are more susceptible to TB, lack proper healthcare suffer from malnutrition and can't build a resistance to the disease. In this conditions TB is bound to spread.
Developed countries have largely controlled TB by improving the life of it citizens, provision of healthcare, education etc
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Aerobic literally means "without oxygen." Aerobic activity is high-intensity activity. Group of answer choices True False
Answer: False
Explanation:
Anaerobic means the absence of oxygen while aerobic means the present of oxygen. Anaerobic exercise do not utilize oxygen as energy source, it uses energy from the break down of glucose in the muscles. This exercise is of short length, fast and of high-intensity. A lot of energy is released within a small period of time.
Biologically anaerobic exercise must be fueled using glucose through a process called glycolysis in the muscles cells.
The break down of glucose during high-intensity training without oxygen, producing energy quickly. Because it occurs in the absence of oxygen this process also produces lactate, which is the metabolic fate if glucose in anaerobic condition.
High concentration of lactate is the reason why your muscles get so tired after the energy burst.
In a medium where lactose is the only carbon source, transcription of the lac operon is _______, because lac repressor is ________ to the ________.
Question is incomplete i have added full question in ask for detail section.
Answer:
Option c. unblocked, not bound, operator is the correct option.
In a medium where lactose is the only carbon source, transcription of the lac operon is _unblocked_, because lac repressor is _not bound_ to the _operator_.
Explanation:
See attached images for explanation
The _____ is the place where the optic nerve fibers divide. As a result of this division, what we see in the left side of our vision is processed in the right side of the brain, and vice versa.
Ansr:
The answer is optic chiasma.
Explanation:
The optic nerve is cranial nerve II (CII). It is responsible for carrying sensory stimuli from the retina of the eye to the primary visual cortex of the brain. The optic nerves forms part of the central nervous system. At the optic chiasma, located in the middle cranial fossa, fibres from each nerve crosses such that stimulus from the right is transmitted to the left visual cortex while stimulus from the retina of the left eye is transmitted to the right visual cortex.
The Optic Chiasm is the place in the brain where optic nerve fibers divide, which allows information from the left side of our vision to be processed in the right side of the brain, and vice versa.
Explanation:The place where the optic nerve fibers divide is called the Optic Chiasm. This part of the brain manages what we see and where it gets processed. This crossing over of optic nerve fibers at the Optic Chiasm helps in creating a complete image of our visual field. Specifically, information from the left side of our vision is processed in the right side of the brain, and vice versa. This is an incredible demonstration of the complexity and organization within our visual system and nervous system.
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Why can the boundary layer surrounding a photosynthetic organism make it difficult for the organism to obtain the carbon dioxide it needs for photosynthesis?
Answer:
The boundary layer is a thin region of calm air that encompass each leaf. The hardness of the boundary layer affects how rapidly gasses and energy are interchanged between the leaf and the neighbouring air. A dense or hard boundary layer can decrease the passage of heat, CO2 and water vapor from the leaf to the surrounding.
The boundary layer surrounding a photosynthetic organism make it difficult for the organism to obtain the carbon dioxide it needs for photosynthesis as this is due to the boundary layer which is made of unstirred water, CO2 and HCO3− can be reduced within the boundary layer by uptake— mostly in the region nearest to the photosynthesizing organism—but the expelled gases are slow to be recovered from the encompassing water.
Answer:
Because this boundary layer consists of unstirred water, carbon dioxide, and HCO₃ can be depleted in the boundary layer by uptake, especially in the region closest to the photosynthetic organism. Still, the removed gases can be slowly replaced by the surrounding water.
What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells but not of prokaryotic cells?
Answer:
I) Presence of nuclear envelope
II) Presence of membrane-bounded organelles
Explanation:
Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells possesses nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles. As a result, they undergo mitosis and meiosis.
Examples of organisms with Prokaryotic cell are bacteria, cyanobacteria
Examples of organisms with eukaryotic cells are green plants, fruitfly etc
Who were two of the most important anthropologists in the development of evolutionism in anthropology?
Answer:
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor & Lewis Henry Morgan.
Explanation:
Anthropology may be defined as the field of science that mainly deals with the study of the human and its behavior. The evolutionary study of human is done in Anthropology.
Burnett Tylor & Lewis Henry Morgan gave the first theory on the anthropology. They explained the impact of the society on the behavior and evolution of organisms. According to them, the development of the society is based on the order of the culture and occurs at different rate. They explain the social evolution in anthropology.
Thus, the answer is Burnett Tylor & Lewis Henry Morgan.
Answer:
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor & Lewis Henry Morgan
Explanation:
Edward Burnett Tylor is known as the founder of cultural anthropology as proposed an evolutionary theory that is progressive and include historical evidences and relationships from primitive ages to modern cultures.
While Lewis Henry Morgan invented the study of kinship terminology and also introduced the concept of universal cultural evolution. The kinship terminologies represented the worldwide classification system both in the new and old world ages.
Hence, these two play the most important role in the development of evolutionism in anthropology
Describe the manner in which you would determine how long ago two species of bacteria diverged from one another.
Answer:
One of the probable ways to determine how long ago any two species of bacteria diverged from each other is by drawing a phylogenetic tree.
Explanation:
Phylogenetic tree are trees that show the ancestry of two species of interest and the relationship between them.The idea behind the construction of phylogenetic tree is darwins's "descent with modification theory".A phylogenetic tree is constructed using the similarities or differences in either physical characteristics, behavorial, or genetic buildup.Derived traits shared between the different species are the actual data used to construct a phylogenetic tree.What does Socrates do when he finds a man with a reputation for wisdom? What three classes of people does Socrates question? How does he find all three lacking?
Answer:
Socrates will always question any man with a reputation for wisdom. He wanted he/she to examine his/her live and become aware of their own ignorance rather than thinking that they know things when actually they know nothing.
The three classes of people Socrates questioned were the politicians, Poets and craftsmen.
He found all three lacking in the real wisdom (Higher Things or Human Excellence) as they only possessed human wisdom in their respective trades.
Final answer:
Socrates questions individuals reputed for their wisdom, including politicians, poets, and artisans, to understand what true wisdom is, only to find that their supposed wisdom falls short. He concludes that real wisdom is realizing one's ignorance.
Explanation:
When Socrates finds a man with a reputation for wisdom, he questions him to understand what true wisdom is and whether that individual truly possesses it. He broadly categorizes people he questions into three groups: leaders of Athenian society (politicians), poets, and artisans (craftsmen). Socrates discovers that each group, despite their reputed wisdom, is lacking. Politicians did not truly understand the policies they endorsed, poets could not explain the meaning of their works beyond the surface level, and artisans, while skilled in their crafts, mistakenly believed their technical expertise extended to other areas of knowledge as well. This exploration led to Socrates' realization that true wisdom comes from acknowledging one's ignorance, a revelation that aligns with the Oracle at Delphi's pronouncement of him as the wisest among men for his recognition that human wisdom has little value.
The characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that makes it different from other RNA viruses is that it __________. View Available Hint(s) The characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that makes it different from other RNA viruses is that it __________. can synthesize DNA from an RNA template causes hepatitis can synthesize mRNA from a double-stranded DNA template inserts into the DNA of the host
Answer: ... it stores its genetic information as RNA and not as DNA and can synthesize ...
Explanation:
In contrast with other viruses, HIV can't be got rid of completely from the human body , even with treatment.
So like stated above, the characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that makes it different from other RNA viruses is that it stores its genetic information as RNA and not as DNA and can synthesize DNA from an RNA template it carries to override it hosts DNA.
So once one get HIV, such have it for life. HIV attacks the body's CD4 cells (T cells) that wall of the immune system that specifically help the immune system fight off infections.
The mechanism of the HIV storing its genetic information as RNA rather than as DNA , it replication and infection pattern has made it standout to become a global treat.
Insect wings may have begun to evolve as lateral extensions of the body that were used as heat dissipaters for thermoregulation. When they had become sufficiently large, these extensions became useful for gliding through the air. Additional selection refined them as flight-producing wines. If this hypothesis is correct, modern insect wings would be an example of _ .58) A) an adaptive radiation B) mutations C) the loss of Hox genes in the evolution of new form D) an exaptation
Answer:
Exaptation.
Explanation:
Evolution is the process of the the change in the characteristics of the species with respect to time. Natural selection, mutation and genetic drift is important for the evolution.
Exaptation may be defined as the biological phenomena that describe the development of the trait that has been co opted or co evolved other than the trait that has been selected for the natural selection. The flight producing wines is the extra trait that has been developed in the insects.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D).
Human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM6)
This gene codes for a protein that is located in the extracellular matrix. This protein is involved with cell cycle regulation, particularly with adhesion between cells. It is thought to be a proto-oncogene. When over-expressed, it becomes an oncogene, because it leads to unregulated cell division and inhibits cellular death T/F
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Cancer may be defined as the uncontrolled growth of the cell cycle that leads to the abnormal cell formation. The cancerous cell require less time to grow as the normal cells and they are immortal in nature.
The mutation in the tumor suppressor gene or in the proto oncogene leads to the formation of the cancerous cells. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM6) acts as proto oncogene and gain of function mutation will change this proto oncogene into oncogene. This leads to uncontrolled cell growth.
Thus, the correct answer is true.
Edward Jenner noticed that the milkmaids who milked cows by hand often were infected with cowpox and that their infections were mild. He also noticed that these same milkmaids did not contract smallpox, which was a much more serious disease. He presumed that the cowpox infections prevented the milkmaids from contracting the much more serious disease of smallpox. Subsequently he began vaccinating people with the pus-like material from cowpox lesions to determine if his thinking was correct. In the story above, the underlined portion is a(n):____________
A. Hypothesis
B. Observation
C. Theory
D. Experiment
Answer:
Hypothesis.
Explanation:
The science mainly deals with the study of the nature and the natural phenomena. Different fields of science are chemistry, biology, physics, geology and maths.
Hypothesis may be defined as the complete explanation of the particular phenomena mainly on the observation of the individual. A scientific hypothesis can be converted into a theory if tested by the scientific experiments. Here, Edward Jenner based on his observation predicts the hypothesis about vaccination.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
Suppose we found a solar system with the property described below. In light of what you have learned about the formation of our solar system, decide whether the discovery should be considered reasonable or surprising. (a): A solar system has 15 planets that all orbit the star in approximately the same plane. The two planets closest to the star are terrestrial and the rest are gas planets?
Answer:
Surprising
Explanation:
This is surprising because the total number of planets in our solar system are nine which revolve around a central star i.e sun in different orbital paths.
Also, out of 9 nearly four planets i.e Mercury, Earth, Venus and Mars are terrestrial i.e having some land forms. Out of remaining 5 non terrestrial planets nearly four planets are gas planets (Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune and Saturn) and these planets are distantly positioned from the central star
Hence, the given discovery is surprising
Epigenetics usually refers to heritable changes in the expression patterns of chromatin. Is it appropriate to refer to this term to describe changes that occur during memory formation?
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation: Yes because epigenetics which simply the talks about the modification of genes is a major component in the changes that occur during memory formation. One cannot talk about Memory Formation without Gene expression which has been shown to be needed for long-term memory to form.
Answer:YES.
Basically one characteristic feature of Epigenetic is the ability to provide a chromatin frameworks which can produce a set of gene expression that can be passed to subsequent generation by mitotic cell division, and which is unique to a class of cell.
Basically long term memory formation has been linked to a well organized pattern of gene expression. Therefore if Epigenetics could provide a particular chromatin framework for a specific set of gene expression; then it can be used to describe set of changes that occurred during memory formation since the gene expression for memory formation will be mediated by the particular chromatin framework unique to the group or family memory formation cells only. Therefore the gene expression will be well coordinated for memory expression.
Explanation: