Answer: the answer is E that is A and C only
Explanation:
Market output is below the social returns and Prices are too high.
When significant external costs are associated with a good or services then the price of the good is tool low because external costs are not being paid and its output level is too high relative to the socially efficient supply ad demand for example as the price of goods goes up, consumers demand less of it and more supplies enters the market.
marginal social rates of return and demonstrates the inadequacy of wage differentials ... leads to no reduction in output
A sealed plastic bottle falls into the ocean off Australia. Three years later, the bottle is found in a beach in France. Explain how that might happen.
The following causes contributed to the plastic bottle's lengthy journey Wind currents in the ocean and the waves.
What are Oceans?There are five oceans, with the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans connected in the south by the Southern Ocean, and they are all divided by continents (vast tracts of land). To the north is the Arctic Ocean
Although the temperatures and currents in each ocean differ, water still constantly moves from one to the other. The Panama Canal is a waterway that runs through Panama and connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Because the weight of the plastic bottle is greater when it is full of water as opposed to when it is empty, the filled bottle will float on the surface of the water rather than sink. Most of the time, it appears like a myth that a message in a bottle can be dropped and wind up on a faraway beach. However, we are aware that the plastic we dump in the water does float far from the location where we dumped it.
Therefore, The long voyage of the plastic bottle Oceanic wind currents and wave action.
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Five-year-old Charlie decided that it was worth the risk of getting in trouble for climbing and jumping off the garage roof because it was something he thought would be really fun to try. According to Kohlberg, Charlie is operating in what stage of moral reasoning?
Answer: Pre-conventional
Explanation:
Pre-conventional level is the first stage in moral development in which an child(usually below 9-years) judges morality of act on basis of immediate results it produces.At this stage , personal code of mortality is not present rather outside world and people are the base for decision.
According to the question, Charlie at pre-conventional stage of moral development where he is thinking about jumping from garbage roof is worthy because the morality is based on fun and physical consequence.
Answer:
Pre-conventional.
Explanation:
Stages of moral development as prescribed by Lawrence Kohlberg, are classified in three different levels of moral reasoning that are pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional and each level is sub-divided into two stages. To avoid punishment or to receive rewards, children at this stage conformed to the laws enforced by adult or higher authority.
A high school history teacher admonishes her students to consider the source and the quality of the evidence they cite in support of the points they make in their essays. The teacher is encouraging her students to engage in _____ thinking.
Answer:
Critical (thinking).
Explanation:
Critical thinking refers to analyzing information objectively and making a logical, reasoned conclusion or judgment from that. It's a critical evaluation of a piece of information. For example, in the exercise, what is presented is a teacher who motivates her students to consider the source and quality of the evidence. Therefore, she is asking her students to evaluate the sources and citations, to use that evidence to support their essays, to engage in critical thinking.
A well-formulated vision that is embraced by employees can give an organization an edge over its rivals. Group of answer choices True False
Answer: True
Explanation:
"A well-formulated vision that is embraced by employees can give an organization an edge over its rivals. Group of answer choices"
The above statement from the question is nothing but the truth. A well-formulated vision inspires when the leader uses it efficiently. When workers or employers embrace the vision and they are inspired they tend to work more, tirelessly towards achieving the set vision/goal(s). With this, they can have an edge over its rivals because they are doing their work with passion. The well-formulated vision shows where the company/Organization wants to be in the future, when the workers or employers believe in this vision, barriers would be broken, and one should expect a great output.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
"A well-formulated vision that is embraced by employees can give an organization an edge over its rivals.
A well-formulated vision also known as a (well defined and vision statement) will motivate and inspire the employees especially if the leader makes it clear and is passionate about his vision. A well defined vision is like is a map defining where the company is heading to, so that when the employees see it they have the ability to receive it, accept it, embrace it and then run with it. When employees embrace the vision and they tend to work at it with all their heart and soul, heading straight for the finish line with the right motivation. They can have an edge over their rivals because they are focused , working with the right motivation.
Charlie works for a moving company. He can easily tell the difference in weight between two small boxes but cannot detect any difference at all between the weight of the washing machine and the weight of the dryer. This is an example of ________.
Answer: Weber's Law
Explanation:
Weber's law states that alteration or difference occurring in stimulus that can be fairly noticeable defines constant ratio of the actual stimulus. It is used field of quantitative psychology.
According to the question,Weber law is being displayed when Charlie has the capability to detect small boxes weight difference sufficiently as just-noticeable but is not able to identify the weight of washing machine and dryer as it is not noticed by him in general way .
In the United States, bankruptcy laws are regulated by _____.
A) the federal government only
B) individual states only
C) the federal government and the states
D) federal district courts
The correct answer is letter C
Explanation: The bankruptcy laws are ruled by the federal government and the states, so they take care and are responsible for handling those laws, also for enforcing them when necessary enforcing the laws.
Answer:
C) the federal government and the states
Which composer in the late Middle Ages presented beautifully decorated copies of his music and poetry to noble patrons?
Answer:
Guillaume De machaut
Explanation:
Guillaume De Machaut was the French musician and composer who was regarded as the most important composer during the Middle Ages. The Middle Age poet, Geoffrey Chaucer, was inspired by his writings; he also imitated his works.
During the Middle Ages, Machaut was regarded as a Master of French versification by his contemporaries.
Messe de Nostre Dame was composed by Machaut in 1365. This composition is considered the masterpiece of the Middle Ages as it consists of a complete set of Ordinary of the Mass. The composition is attributed to a single composer only, Machaut.
Machaut used to travel to many courts and would present his beautifully decorated musical copies to the noble patrons.
Lets assume that the data from a recent study indicate that there is a strong relationship between test scores and amount of time spent watching television. Students who watch more television tend to perform worse on tests. Which of the following BEST represents the relationship just described?
Select one:
A. +.30
B. -.83
C. -.25
D. +.74
Answer:
B. -.83
Explanation:
The result from the study of the data is negatively correlated, thus a correlation coefficient of -0.83 is the best representation of the relationship between television watching and test performance.
Correlation is simply the relationship between two variables. Correlation can be positive if an increase in one variable results in an increase in the other or it can be negative if an increase in one variable results in a decrease in the other. Example, an increase in television watching duration resulting in a decrease in test score is a negative correlation.
Pam and Jim have been happily married for 30 years and have been successful as partners in a family scrapbooking company. Now they are ready to retire, and their residual income will put them in the 35% marginal tax bracket. Thankfully they made a wise investing decision in the lean, early years when their tax rate was only 10%. Now they will save greatly on their tax liability. What type of investment account will allow them to make tax-free withdrawals?
Answer: Roth IRA
Explanation:
A Roth IRA is a special retirement account where you pay taxes on money going into your account and then all future withdrawals are tax-free. Roth IRAs are best when you think your taxes will be higher in retirement than they are right now. You can't contribute to a Roth IRA if you make too much money.
What are crimes committed by an individual for personal gain and profit during the course of their occupation?
Answer: Occupational crimes
Explanation: Occupational crimes which are also called workplace crimes can be simply refered to as wrongdoings by people over the course of their work or employment. For example, you work as a typist at a university examination office and an exam question was submitted by a lecturer . Going through the paper, you realized that it is one of the exams to written by your friend the following day and you quickly rush home to tell him about the questions submitted by the lecturer. You might have done this because you want your friend to study that particular question prior to him sitting for the exams so that he can pass with flying colors but then you have committed a workplace crime/ occupational crime.
A standard policy of title insurance covers all of the following EXCEPT: (a)unrecorded liens. (b)incorrectly given marital status. (c)incompetent grantor. (d)forged deed.
A standard policy of title insurance covers all of the following EXCEPT "unrecorded liens".
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Title insurance covers all property owners and borrowers against damage or loss arising from liens, liabilities or deficiencies in a property's title or property's possession.
In general, a standard title insurance policy would cover the applicant against damages resulting from title errors such as:
Forged documents such as deeds, dower releases, mortgages;Undisclosed heirs; Capacity deficient (minors); Wrong legal understanding of wills; Incomplete records, unwanted acknowledgments; Misunderstanding arising from name similarities; Wrong marital status and intellectual incompetence.Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. Which personality inventory would be most helpful for this purpose?
a.the MMPI
b.the Rorschach
c.the TAT
d.the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Answer:
a. the MMPI
Explanation:
The MMPI stands for Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
The MMPI is mainly intended to test individuals who are doubted or suspected to suffer from mental health issues or some other clinical issues. It is the psychological test which assesses the personality traits as well as psychopathology.
The MMPI was designed by the University of Minnesota to determine the personality structure of humans.
In the context, Dr. Zytowics who wishes to test his client suffering from social withdrawal, depression and other personality and social disorder may use the MMPI to test his client.
Hence the correct option is (a).
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the best choice for Dr. Zytowics to assess symptoms of depression and emotional disorders in a client, as it is a self-report inventory using true/false questions to generate a clinical profile.
Explanation:Dr. Zytowics wants to assess the extent to which a client is suffering from depression, social withdrawal, and other symptoms of an emotional disorder. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) would be the most helpful personality inventory for this purpose. The MMPI is a self-report inventory that employs a series of true/false questions designed to provide a clinical profile of an individual's psychological status, making it well-suited for diagnosing a wide range of psychological disorders, including depression and social withdrawal.
Bob was found with 30 brand new televisions in their original packaging in his apartment. The police thought Bob must have stolen them, but no one had reported the televisions stolen. There was not sufficient evidence of the ________ to proceed with the prosecution.
Answer:
Corpus delicti.
Explanation:
The Corpus Delicti a term that is used to describe the basis of a crime (it's literal meaning, from Latin, means "body of the crime"). This principle means, in other words, that the crime has to be proven before convicting the suspect of the crime. Therefore, Bob can't be convicted for, allegedly, stealing 30 televisions given that no one had reported them stolen.
The word 'crime' completes the statement. Legal prosecution requires adequate evidence linking the suspect to the crime. In Bob's case, possession of possible stolen items alone is not deemed sufficient evidence to establish theft.
Explanation:The missing term in the above statement is 'crime'. In legal terms, a crime needs to be proven with sufficient evidence before anyone can be prosecuted. In this case, Bob is found with multiple televisions in his original packaging, but inappropriate possession isn't adequate proof that he stole them. Something is needed to directly link Bob to the theft, such as a surveillance video of the act, a credible witness, or a confession from Bob himself. Any of those would serve as evidence that a 'crime' had occurred and that Bob was guilty. However, due to the absence of such evidence, prosecution cannot be carried out.
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If a new questionnaire for test anxiety is normed on just five individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams (out of a class of 400 students), the new test is surely lacking:_________
Answer:
adequate standardization.
Explanation:
it is referred to as the adequate procedure that follows for a specific study. it includes gathering and treating the subject. standardization involves an authentic legal procedure to draw the result between two subjects.
Information is given in the question also illustrates that test is lacking in adequate standardization as a new questionnaire is normed to only five students out of 400 strength of the class
If a new questionnaire for test anxiety is normed on just five individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams (out of a class of 400 students), the new test is surely lacking: sufficient variability in the sample.
Norming the test on just five individuals out of a class of 400 is insufficient for several reasons:
1. Variability: With only five individuals, there is not enough variability in the sample to accurately capture the range of test anxiety that might be present in the larger population of students.
2. Representativeness: The five individuals waiting to take the introductory psychology final exam may not be representative of the entire class or of all students who might take similar exams.
3. Reliability and Validity: A small sample size can affect the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, and validity refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.
4. Statistical Power: Small sample sizes also result in low statistical power, which is the ability to detect a true effect or association. With low power, there is a higher risk of committing a Type II error, which is failing to reject a false null hypothesis (i.e., concluding there is no effect when there actually is one).
One of the significant debates in epistemology is about the sources, or origins, of knowledge. What position in this debate is expressed by the term empiricism?
Answer:
knowledge comes from sensory experience
Explanation:
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that suggests knowledge only from from sensory experience. It holds that knowledge can only gotten through empirical method which forms part of the scientific method that has to do with verification of hypotheses through experiments. Empiricism points to evidence and experimental research in determining knowledge and not innate ideas or intuition which are unverifiable.
Answer:
The answer is: Knowledge should be based on sensory or practical experience.
Explanation:
Empiricism is a phylosophical and epistemological theory, which states that the only reliable source of knowledge must come from sensory experience, that only sensory or practical experience can lead to the development of a concept. An important premise of empiricism is that concepts and theories are a posteriori, since they are based on experience, they come after it. Empiricism opposes to the racionalist theory, and as an epistemological perspective, it has theoretical and methodological implications
The neurocognitive theory of dreaming suggests that there is an involved system of neurons in the brain that must exist in order for dreams to occur. This network includes parts of the limbic system and:__________
Answer:
The forebrain
Explanation:
Neural network for dreaming includes the forebrain, the limbic system, and the inferior parietal cortex. In general studies on lesion has shown that dreaming is largely dependent on specific regions of the forebrain than on other parts, including brainstem REM sleep generator. It has been also shown that the lesion in the medial prefrontal cortex, the basal forebrain, and the anterior cingulate cortex are largely connected to frequent dreams and obstrusion into walking life. Thus
The United States Supreme Court has the authority to choose which cases it hears, but its authority is limited in a number of ways. Describe one factor that increases the likelihood for the Supreme Court to accept an appeal. Describe one factor that limits the Supreme Court’s authority to hear cases.
Answer:
(1) Cases dealing with constitutional issues.
(2) State cases must be about a constitutional or federal issues
Explanation: Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States of America,it is the Court of final appeal where cases regarding States or major constitutional issues are handled.
One factor The increases the likelihood of the Supreme Court to hear an appeal is IF THE CASE IS A CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUE,if it has to do with a breach of the Constitution the Supreme Court will have to hear the appeal.
One factor that limits the Supreme Court authority to hear an appeal is IF THE APPEALS ARE FROM THE STATES AND IT MUST BE ABOUT CONSTITUTIONAL OR FEDERAL ISSUE this factor is a major limiting factor to the authority of the Supreme Court,because this kind cases are only handled by the Supreme Court.
As Dave is swimming at the local pool, he notices the woman swimming in the lane next to him slips as she tries to get out of the pool. He thinks, "She is trying to get out of the pool too fast." Dave then also slips as he tries to get out of the pool and thinks, "Wow, this poolside sure is slippery!" Here, the difference in explanation is an example of the:
Answer: Fundamental attribution error.
Explanation: Fundamental attribution error can be explained as an inclination of thought which explains other peoples behavior, attitude or actions based on internal factors such as personality while given very little possibility to the fact that those actions or attitudes could have been triggered due to external influences caused by physical or situational factors such as weather and so on.
In the scenario above, Dave attributed the woman's slip to internal factor of being too fast without considering that the surface might be slippery(external factor) which he later realized when he slipped.
Steve regularly surprises his wife, Marla, with flowers and gifts and always tries to make her feel special by taking her out to fancy restaurants and on holidays. However, he feels that his wife takes him for granted and does not truly appreciate what he does for her. According to the social exchange theory, __________.
Answer:
Steve's costs are greater than his rewards.
Explanation:
The Social Exchange Theory, as it's name suggests, uses a cost-benefit analysis, which determines outcomes and relationships measured in costs, benefits and rewards from any type of interaction between two parties. This theory is used by both sociologists and psychologists to study the behavior of the two selected parties, groups or individuals. Now, in this case, Steve's costs are greater than his rewards given that he makes the effort to surpise Marla, going out of his way to try and make her happy. But, given that he feels that he is taken for granted, one could argue that, effectively, his costs are greater than his rewards.
Match the following joint with its description. A. Sternoclavicular B. Glenohumeral C. Acromioclavicular
Answer:
Explanation:
Option A (Sternoclavicular Joint), also know as Sternoclavicular atriculation is the joint found within the shoulder between the manubrium of the sternum and clavicle bone.
Option B (Glenohumeral Joint) , this a major shoulder joint, connecting the upper limb to the trunk of the body, its a ball and socket joint between the scapula and humerus.
Option C ( Acromioclavicular Joint), this a joint in the shoulder where two joints meet, the first bone is the scapula and second is collarbone, the scapula is the big one that still connects to the other part of the shoulder joint.
Examples of ______ include the breakdown of glucose by cells to provide energy, the bonding of oxygen to hemoglobin, and the digestion of your meal by your gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: Chemistry
Explanation: Chemistry often times refered to as central science provides come grounds for both basic and applied sciences. Chemistry is basically involved in everything we do daily. A typical example is the chemical reactions that takes place in our body; breakdown of glucose by cells to release energy, bonding of oxygen to hemoglobin, digestion of food by the gastrointestinal tract etc.
The question is describing biochemical reactions, which are crucial for life. Examples are the breakdown of glucose for energy, oxygen binding to hemoglobin, and food digestion by the gastrointestinal tract.
Explanation:The above question is describing the concept of biochemical reactions, which are fundamental to life processes. Examples given include the breakdown of glucose by cells to provide energy, which occurs during the process of cellular respiration. The bonding of oxygen to hemoglobin is another biochemical reaction that helps transport oxygen through the body. Lastly, when you consume food, your gastrointestinal tract breaks it down into simpler molecules in a series of biochemical reactions referred to as digestion. Each of these examples represents complicated interactions of various biomolecules within a living organism.
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What concept is illustrated by the following study? Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red X moved across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it.
Answer: Inattentional blindness
Explanation: This kind of blindness does not occur due to some defect in the organic sense, so everything is okay with the eyes, it is blindness that arises as a psychological effect. For this reason, this blindness is also known as perceptual blindness because it arises as the result of the perception of one who observes, therefore, attention is directed to another object, in this case black and white. Therefore, since all the attention are directed at the observation of another black white and objects, when something that is not initially indicated to be observed appears, like red X, it escapes attention, that is, the observer is inattentionally "blind" to that unexpected object. This is, therefore, a rejection of something that is unexpected, though completely visible, because the task given has drawn all our attention to other objects or the other side.
The study illustrates a psychological concept known as Inattentional Blindness, where subjects did not notice the red X moving on the screen as they were mainly focused on identifying either black or white objects.
Explanation:The concept illustrated by this study is known as Inattentional Blindness. Basically, Inattentional Blindness refers to the inability to recognize visual stimuli that appear in one's field of vision when one is focused on another task. So, in this study, participants were so focused on identifying either white or black objects that they failed to notice the red X moving across the screen. This is an example of Inattentional Blindness.
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The _________ is dependent on interviews of the samples of the U.S. population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization, and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.
Answer: National Crime Victimization survey.
Explanation:
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is administered by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and it is a national survey of carried out in approximately 49,000 to 77,400 households two times in a year in the United States to collect data on the frequent occurrence of crime victimization, including properties and consequences of victimization.
NCVS is used the measure reported and unreported victimization. It is primarily the source of data for crime victimization. It has four primary objectives:
- help in development of detailed information about victims.
- determine the number of crimes not reported to the police.
- determine uniform measures for specific types of crimes.
- Enable comparison between various types and areas.
The professor told the class that a speaker should be willing to listen to opposing views and learn about different values and beliefs. Which process is the professor discussing?
Answer:
Accommodation.
Explanation:
The theory of communication accommodation elaborates how the human adjust their behavior during social interaction. This behavior explains why the social differences among the participants are controlled and the sender portrays a positive image to increase the effectiveness of the communication process.
Zinc Corporation, a large, well-known public company that frequently issues securities, filed a master registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This master statement is updated with a short-form statement just prior to each individual security offering. What is this arrangement called?
Answer:
Shelf-registration
Explanation:
'Shelf-registration' is illustrated as the process in which a company is permitted to issue and sell their securities publically through a single prospectus authorized by SEC and thus, without getting a separate prospectus for each issuance. It is an authorized process approved by Unite States Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC) under the head rule no. 415.
As per the given description, the arrangement formed by Zinc Corporation exemplifies 'shelf-registration' as it has acquired a 'single registration document'(master registration statement) from the SEC with their approval and due to which it is permitted to 'issue or sell their securities frequently' with mere a short-form statement update.
If a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response similar to the unconditioned response as a result of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, ____________ conditioning has occurred.
Answer: Respondent
Explanation:
Respondent condition is a procedure where a biological potential stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus.
Although U.S. middle school students may lag behind their Japanese counterparts in international algebra tests, the differences disappear on later tests due to the greater comparative effectiveness of U.S. colleges:__________
Answer: The United States has several universities that are among the listings of the best universities in the world.
Explanation:
While it is true that it may seem that the Japanese are more advanced when it comes to algebra tests, which indicate that their secondary education is much better than that of the United States, at the time of going to the university level, this country gives the size and gets to overcome it.
The United States has a series of high houses of studies which have great recognition not only nationally, but also internationally. It is common to read in the news and in various media, as students graduated from prestigious universities in the United States are changing the world.
The processes to enter one of the great universities of the United States require not only good grades but a set of skills that allows demonstrating that the person can be part of such a prestigious place. The person who enters the elite of the renowned universities of the United States knows that the quality of the teaching it will receive will not be in vain.
These research universities are at the forefront. The research contributes to the growth of a country and not for nothing the United States is considered the first world power. Knowledge is created in these amazing places, giving way to others trying to keep up.
It cannot be denied the quality of these universities in the United States, many are those who talk about the content and practices that are given to throw a series of people trained to change society for good.
By the start of the Warring States period, regional leaders in China undertook large local engineering projects, like irrigation systems. Why is this considered evidence that the power of regional governments was growing at the expense of the Zhou central government?
Answer:
It is evidence that local leaders controlled both the engineering expertise and the tribute labor that the Zhou government had once controlled.
Explanation:
Before the Warring States period, the local leaders were the one in control of both the engineering expertise and the tribute labor. This meant that the regional government, though present at that time, did not have sufficient power to control these. However, during he Warring States period, they began to take large local engineering projects.
The initiation of local engineering projects by regional governments during the Warring States period indicated their growing power. These projects required significant resources and organizational skills, demonstrating their economic and administrative capacities typically associated with central governments. This further helped to legitimize their authority over the declining Zhou central government.
The undertaking of large local engineering projects like irrigation systems is considered evidence of the growing power of regional governments over the central Zhou government during the Warring States period because such projects demonstrated these government's autonomy and self-sufficiency. The implementation of complex projects required significant resources and organizational capabilities, indicating that regional leaders were gaining the economic and administrative capacities typically associated with centralized governments. Additionally, these developments provided immediate and tangible benefits to local populations, helping to legitimize regional authority and undermine the influence of the Zhou central government.
The rise of these regional powers and the concurrent decline of the Zhou central government would sow the seeds for the next phase of Chinese history, the Imperial period which saw the reestablishment of a strong centralized governance under a single ruling dynasty.
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The humanistic perspective was responsible for influencing the development of what area of psychology?
Answer:
The humanistic perspective was responsible for influencing the development of positive psychology.
Explanation:
Melissa believes there is a correlation between temperature and the number of cars in the city. She is more likely to take note of and remember incidents that support her belief, even if the relationship does not actually exist. This is known as a(n) _____ correlation.
Answer: illusory
Explanation: Illusory correlation occurs when making a non-existent relationship between two variables. When an individual tries to establish a perceived relationship between two events or variables. This perceived relationship is usually used to support the individual's belief and thus a a non-existent association is established when such perceived relationship occurs. In illusory correlation, when occurrences which negates the individual's belief occurs, the individual does remember or tends to such instances and only those scenarios which supports her perception is embraced.
Answer:
Illusory correlation
Explanation:
Illusory Correlation
Illusory correlation is the act of assuming that a relationship exists between two variables that are really not related. Melissa believing that there is a correlation between temperature and the number of cars in the city, even if the relationship does not actually exist is a clasical example of illusory correlation She could now be seeing the likelihood of such a belief by basically imagining incidents that support her idea.
Please i ask what rrelationship has this two variables the temperature and the number of cars in the city.