Answer:
"Photosynethic bacteria (Cyanobacteria)" was first responsible for changing the formerly poisonous atmosphere to an oxygen-rich atmosphere, as we have today
Explanation:
The cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that are oxygenic. They extract energy from the sun, take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Unlike plants and algae, cyanobacteria comprise chlorophyll, and by carbon fixation transform carbon dioxide into sugar.
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic species, unlike eukaryotic plants and algae. A phylum composed of free-living bacteria and endosymbiotic plastids (a Gloeomargarita sister group found in certain eukaryotes) is called as Cyanophyta or Cyanobacteria. These also contain multiple yellowish carotenoids, the blue phycobilin pigment and, in certain organisms, the red phycoerythrin pigment.
Read the observation, question, and hypothesis. Then, choose the independent variable from the list.
Observation: Bread seems to turn moldy faster in summer than in winter.
Question: Do hotter summer temperatures turn bread moldy faster?
Hypothesis: Bread turns moldy faster at higher temperatures,
The independent variable is
bread
mold.
summer.
temperature
The independent variable in this experiment is the temperature, as it is the factor being changed to observe its effect on the rate at which bread turns moldy, which is the dependent variable.
In the described scenario, the independent variable is the factor that is changed or controlled to test the effects on the dependent variable, which is the rate at which bread turns moldy. The hypothesis provided states, "Bread turns moldy faster at higher temperatures," which predicts the outcome based on changes made to the independent variable. Therefore, the independent variable is temperature.
During the investigation, it is essential to keep other factors constant, such as the type of bread, the amount of moisture, and exposure to air, among others, so that they do not affect the outcome and interfere with the validity of the experiment.
A scientist isolated the Hepatitis B surface protein gene and introduced it into the DNA of a banana plant. The scientist tested the bananas and found that they now contained the Hepatitis surface protein. What conclusion is supported by the results of the experiment?
A. The gene for surface protein was transcribed and translated.
B. The gene for surface protein mutated inside the banana plant’s cells.
C. The gene for surface protein altered the function of other banana genes.
D. The gene for surface protein protected banana plants from bacterial infections.
Answer:
A. The gene for surface protein was transcribed and translated.
Explanation:
Because all living organisms use the same genetic code, it is possible to express genes from one organism in the other. In this case, the DNA sequence that corresponds to the hepatitis B surface protein gene has been inserted into the banana, and the protein is expressed.
For the protein to be expressed, the gene must have been successfully transcribed into an mRNA by the banana plant machinery. This mRNA has then been translated into a protein that means the hepatitis B surface protein is now present in the cell.
Complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.
2. The process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules is called___.
3. The sequence of ____ in mRNA complements the sequence in the DNA template.
4. In eukaryotes, RNA is found in the ____ and then travels to the____.
5. The enzyme____ binds to DNA during transcription.
6. no answer needed for this one
7.___ are portions of DNA that are cut out and discarded.
8.___ are spliced together to make the final mRNA.
20. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are common on the western eage o
Which theory does this pattern of geological phenomena support?
are common on the western edge of the Pacific Ocean.
A. weathering
B. the rock cycle
C. plate tectonics
D. biological evolution
The Theory which supports the volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are Plate tectonics.
Explanation:
The word Plate tectonics is derived from the Greek and Latin word.Plate tectonics deals with the theory with the productive and functional aspects of the lithosphere.The Lithosphere is the outer part of the Earth which consists of mantle and crush that transforms the Earth sciences by providing a standard content for understanding mountain-building processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes and the evolution of Earth’s surface.Answer:
C
Explanation:
i already took it mate
HELP THIS IS DUE IN AN HOUR!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
1. Amber is made from tree resin.
2. All of the above
3. When a insect gets stuck in tree resin, the insect eventually becomes covered with the sticky resin. After millions of years, the resin hardens and becomes ember.
A researcher incubates a cell with radiolabeled amino acids. These amino acids are incorporated into the proteins as they are synthesized by the cell. Select which piece of data would indicate the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids during protein synthesis? A) Radioactivity levels would increase first at the nucleus, followed by the Golgi, and then the cell membrane. B) Radioactivity levels would increase first at the nucleus, followed by the ribosomes, and then the secretory vesicles. C) Radioactivity levels would increase first at the rough endoplasmic reticulum, followed by the Golgi, and then the secretory vesicles. D) Radioactivity levels would increase first at the rough endoplasmic reticulum, followed by the nucleus, and then the secretory vesicles.
Answer:
During an investigation, the addition of radiolabeled amino acids during protein synthesis occurs when the data shows high levels of radiation in protein synthesis, packaging and transport, which is equivalent to saying that radioactivity levels would first increase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, followed by the Golgi and then the secretory vesicles (option C).
Explanation:
Protein synthesis in the cell is a process that involves the formation of polypeptide chains with the successive incorporation of amino acids.
RNA, which contains the sequence of triplets or codons that form the genetic code, is coupled to the ribosomes. Each codon or triplet consists of three nucleotides and encodes specific amino acids.
The RNA chain contains a specific nucleotide sequence and determines the assembly of amino acids to a polypeptide chain, by the action of ribosomes present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
In the Golgi apparatus, the proteins formed are conjugated, with the addition of carbohydrates or lipids, and arranged in secretory vesicles for transport.
In these steps, where the labeled amino acids are present, the levels of radioactivity would increase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the secretory vesicles.
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Answer:
c is the answer
Explanation:
The distance north or south of the equator , as measured in degrees is called?
Answer:
longitude
Explanation:
The distance north or south of the equator, as measured in degrees is called latitude. The correct option is D.
What is latitude?Latitude is the term used to describe the distance north and south of the equator, expressed in degrees.
Latitude is used to calculate how far north or south of the Equator you are. It is calculated using 180 fictitious lines that are drawn in circles east-west along the equator.
Parallels are the names for these lines. An imaginary ring connecting all places that share a parallel is known as a circle of latitude.
The line at latitude 0 is known as the Equator. With 90 degrees north of the Equator and 90 degrees south of the Equator, each parallel is one degree north or south of the Equator.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
the prime meridian
the arctic circle
longitude
latitude
During which process is mRNA converted into a sequence of amino acids for protein production?
transcription
translation
translocation
mRNA synthesis
Answer: Translation
Explanation: Translation is a process in which an mRNA strand is copied into an amino acid sequence for protein synthesis. The first step in protein synthesis is the copying of a DNA molecule into a complimentary mRNA molecule in a process known as transcription. The mRNA is then converted to an amino acid sequence in the ribosome in a process known as translation.
Answer:
translation
Explanation:
(b)
Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system interacting directly with the
respiratory system?
A The ribcage expands to allow air to enter the lungs.
B The muscles attached to bones contract to lift your leg.
C The marrow inside bones produces white blood cells.
D The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury,
A.
The ribcage expands to allow air to enter the lungs is an example of the skeletal system interacting directly with the respiratory system.
Explanation:
The skeletal system is mainly made up of bones - like the ribcage in this case - while the respiratory system is made up of the lungs, trachea, diaphragm, etc.
When inhaling, the diaphragm contracts, therefore increasing the volume of the chest cavity. The muscles between the ribs also contract causing the ribcage to stretch upwards and outwards. This also contributes to an increase in the volume of chest cavity. Consequently, the pressure in the chest, decreases causing atmospheric pressure to rush air into the lungs.
When these muscles contract, they raise the pressure in the chest cavity causing air to rush out of the lungs.
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A man has red-green color blindness. His wife is not color-blind, nor is she a carrier. They give birth to a baby boy. Their doctor says there is zero possibility that the son has red-green color blindness. Which of the following is a possible explanation of the doctor's statement?
Red-green color blindness is a dominant autosomal trait.
Red-green color blindness is a Y-linked trait.
Red-green color blindness is an X-linked trait.
Red-green color blindness is carried by mitochondrial DNA.
Red-green color blindness is an X-linked trait.
Explanation:
A red-green color blindness is a hereditary disease which occurs with inheritance of recessive X linked chromosomes, which depicts that the gene or allele causing this defect is presents on the X chromosome.
Since males can express the recessive gene with one copy of the X chromosomes, this defect is more common among men than women.
So even if a grandfather has this defect, this may get inherited by his grandson, while his mother might just be a carrier.
This is the reason why the baby boy inherited the red-green blindness from his father.
An electrocardiogram is a test that doctors use to assess cardiovascular health. The image below shows data given by an electrocardiogram.
What type of data is recorded by the electrocardiogram?
A.
the electrical activity of the heart
B.
the amount of oxygen in the blood
C.
the sound of the heart beating
D.
the force from the heart beating
Answer:
the electrical activity of the heart
Explanation:
The scientists modified the genes that were turned on/off (expressed) in mice. What happened to the offspring of these mice?
The resulting mice will be induced with the changed gene either on or off. The offspring will have altered genes if both the alleles have the trait. This is a heritable change.
Explanation:
Making gene on or off is a process of gene regulation when one of the gene is methylated or histone modification to prevent access to transcription factors hence no expression of the protein. This process is called epigenetics.
The resulting progeny in mice will receive the allele of on or off the gene. Such genes with altered allele are also called as
The altered genes will be expressed in the resulting progeny of mice.
The epigenetic genes can be reverted with environmental effects in the offspring paramutable alleles. They are heritable.
Modifying genes in mice affects gene expression leading to potential changes in traits and behaviors in offspring.
When scientists modify the genes that are turned on or off (expressed) in mice, the offspring of these mice may exhibit changes in various traits or behaviors. This is due to the alteration of gene expression which can lead to different messenger RNAs being produced. The use of microarrays has allowed for the examination of these gene expressions in different conditions, such as the Tc1 mouse cells expressing human genes on chromosome #21.
Particularly, in knockout studies, researchers deactivate specific genes to observe changes in phenotype, such as behavior, health, and development. If the modified gene affects a trait that is heritable, then the offspring could also show these modified characteristics. Different studies, such as observing mice raised on a restricted diet, have shown that environmental factors can also influence gene expression and aging.
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Place these percentages in order from most accurate(#1) to least accurate(#5). A class of chemistry students was finding the percent of water in a hydrate. The known value from the literature was 43%. The percentage each pair of students calculated from their lab results is given. ITEM BANK: Move to Bottom Group 1: 66.12% Group 2: 7.11% Group 3: 57.21% Group 4: 22.00% Group 5: 45.55% 1 2 3 4 5
Answer:
4,2,1,3,5
Explanation:
I believe this is right
Answer:
Explanation:
5,3,4,1,2
Which biomes cross boundaries between different climate zones?
The Grassland and Forest biome crosses boundaries between different climate zones.
What are biomes?
Biomes are areas with various climates and vegetation.
There are major five types of biomes present
aquatic. GrasslandforestdeserttundraThe type of climate and the plant and animal species found there makes up a biome.
Thus, the Grassland and Forest biome crosses boundaries between different climate zones.
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Final answer:
Biomes such as tropical forests, deserts, and temperate forests cross different climate zones due to their characteristic climates and are found in multiple continents. Transitional areas called ecotones exist between biomes, and climate significantly influences biodiversity, generally increasing towards the equator.
Explanation:
Biomes Crossing Climate ZonesBiomes are large geographical areas characterized by specific plant and animal communities that are adapted to the region's climate and environmental conditions. Biomes such as tropical forests, deserts, and savannas are found in different continents but are connected by common climatic features. For instance, tropical forests are prevalent in South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia, all areas close to the equator with high humidity and temperature. Deserts typically occur at the 30 degrees north and south latitude and are prominent in the Middle East, southwestern United States, and other regions with arid conditions. Temperate forests and grasslands are found in North America, Europe, and Asia, with moderate climates and varying precipitation.
One important aspect to understand about biomes is the presence of ecotones, which are transitional zones between two distinct biomes. Ecotones include a mix of plant and animal species from each adjacent biome and can be found between various biome types like desert and mountains or chaparral and polar ice. Within the North American context, the diverse climate and weather systems influence the distribution and characteristics of different biomes, with variations observed from west to east and from north to south.
Mendel crossed a tall pea plant with a short pea plant. All the offspring in the first generation were tall pea plants.
How did Mendel explain why all the offspring were tall pea plants?
a. The offspring may have tall or short plants. Mendel did not do enough trials.
b. Two factors affect the height trait of pea plants. One of the factors is dominant over the other.
c. The genes for determining short plants were not transferred to the offspring.
Answer: b). Two factors affect the height trait of pea plants. One of the factors is dominant over the other.
Explanation: All the offsprings are tall because each of them inherited one gene for tallness and one gene for shortness. The gene for tallness is dominant over the gene for shortness, and so the gene for tallness is able to express itself in the presence of the recessive gene for shortness.
See the attached punnet square for more information.
Final answer:
Mendel explained that the tall trait in pea plants is dominant over the short trait, so the tall trait appeared in all first-generation offspring when crossing a tall pea plant with a short one. This outcome demonstrated that each plant carries two hereditary factors for each trait, and the dominant factor determines the offspring's appearance.
Explanation:
Mendel crossed a tall pea plant with a short pea plant, and all the offspring in the first generation were tall pea plants. Mendel explained that two factors affect the height trait of pea plants, and that one of the factors is dominant over the other. Therefore, even though each plant in the F1 generation carried both tall and short factors, the tall factor was dominant, and thus all the F1 generation plants exhibited the tall height. This disproved the blending inheritance hypothesis of the time and laid the groundwork for our understanding of genetics with Mendel's Laws of Inheritance, specifically the law of segregation. Therefore, option b. Two factors affect the height trait of pea plants. One of the factors is dominant over the other is the correct answer.
what is the difference between bees and the snails
Answer:Bees Fly And snails Dont
Explanation: Logic
HELP QUICK, 20 POINTS.
picture above. thank you
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.
Answer: It is D carbon dioxide, or dry ice; sublimation.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
Answer:
Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups
Explanation:
The Deoxyribose and phosphate groups are held together by hydrogen bonds. The Deoxyribose is also connected to the nucleic acids, making a complete nucleotide. Deoxyribose is only used in DNA, because DNA means Deoxyribonucleic Acid. RNA is made with a sugar called Ribose.
The two molecules that forms the backbone of DNA ladder are:
1. Deoxyribose
2. Phosphate groups
Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar important in the formation of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribose is a key building block of DNA. Its chemical structure allows for the replication of cells in DNA's double helix configuration.A phosphate backbone is the portion of the DNA double helix that provides structural support to the molecule.Find more information about "DNA" here:
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What did Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology impress upon Darwin?
the age of the earth may be much older than once thought
that populations are naturally limited
o that finches are the best potential model organisms for evolution
Lyell described Natural Selection
Charles Lyell's principle that the age of earth may be much older than once thought impressed upon Darwin.
Explanation:
Charles Lyell is one among the earlier thinkers whose studies influenced Darwin and he lived in the 1797-1875 period. while on his voyage in Beagle Darwin took the book of Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology with him.
In this book Lyell argues that the earth's surface was formed as a result of gradual geological processes indicating that the earth was much older than what many believed at that time.
which event occurs in telophase
Answer:
1st. the chromosomes arrive at the cell poles
2nd. the mitotic spindle disassembles
3rd. the vesicles that contain fragments of the original nuclear membrane assemble around the two sets of chromosomes
Explanation:
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During telophase, separated chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, decondense, and are encased in newly formed nuclear envelopes. Meanwhile, cytokinesis divides the cell's cytoplasm, resulting in the creation of two daughter cells.
During telophase, several critical events ensure the proper conclusion of cell division, whether it be mitosis or meiosis. One key event is the arrival of separated chromosomes at opposite poles of the cell. This repositioning is crucial for the equitable distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. As chromosomes reach these poles, they undergo decondensation, transitioning from tightly coiled chromosomes into a more relaxed chromatin state, making genetic material accessible for gene expression.
Simultaneously, the reconstruction of the nuclear envelope around these dispersed chromatids marks the re-establishment of distinct nuclear territories within the emerging daughter cells. This event is vital for the segregation and protection of the genetic material in preparation for the cell's return to the interphase state, where it resumes normal cellular functions.
In addition to these nuclear events, cytokinesis often commences during or shortly after telophase, culminating in the physical division of the cell's cytoplasm into two separate daughter cells. This process varies between organisms and cell types, with animal cells forming a cleavage furrow through the constriction of an actin ring, and plant cells forming a cell plate that will eventually develop into separate cell walls.
What’s a Axial portion?
The Axial portion refers to the central part of the body, encompassing the head, neck, and trunk. It houses vital organs like the brain, heart, and lungs. It's pivotal in studying human anatomy, particularly in biology or health sciences.
Explanation:The Axial portion is a term used in anatomy and refers to the central part of the body, including the head, neck and trunk. It's essentially the main part of the body that houses critical organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs, among other components. It's often contrasted with the appendicular portion, which includes the appendages (limbs).
Understanding the axial portion of the body can be crucial for studying the human body, especially in terms of biology or health sciences. It allows you to easily locate specific organs and structures within the body, enhancing your understanding of bodily functions and processes.
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Replicating an experiment _____.
A. increases validity
B. decreases validity
C. has no effect on validity
Answer:
Replicating an experiment _____.
A. increases validity
B. decreases validity
C. has no effect on validity
Ricky notices a similarity between a fried egg and the diagram of a cell. Which cell organelles is Ricky likely to associate with the parts of the egg?
centriole
cytoplasm
nucleus
chloroplast
plasma membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
Answer:
Egg yolk is nucleus
The egg white is cytoplasm
The outside of the egg is plasma membrane
I will edit if I get it right after I finish my test
Ricky correlate egg yolk with nucleus and egg white is cytoplasm, outer covering with plasma membrane.
What are the components of plasma membrane of animal cell ?The plasma membrane is a thin selectively semi-permeable membrane an outer covering of a cell by surrounding cytoplasm.
The two major components are proteins and lipids where as the ratio of protein to lipid in plasma membrane may vary depending on types of cells.
The most common lipids are phospholipid, others are sphingolipid, glycolipid in semi-permeable lipid bilayer.
Some organelles nucleus and mitochondria also have bilayer plasma membrane.
The function of cell membrane is to protect the integrity of the internal environment of the cell, act as a base of attachment for the cytoskeleton in some organisms resulted in support cell and maintain its shape.
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Which statement describes an element?
Answer: An element is a pure substance that can not be broken into smaller particles.
Explanation: An element may comprises of two or more atoms that are chemically embedded or combined together. Elements are building blocks of matter, they are mostly abundant in the universe e.g Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon.
Answer:an element is a pure substance, an element is made of only one type of atom, and an element cannot be broken down into a simpler form.
Explanation:
If a disorder limits the number of calcium ions that combine to actin, what would happen to the sarcomere? A) The myosin and actin would not separate, and the sarcomere would be unable to contract. B) The myosin and actin would not separate, and the sarcomere would remain contracted. C) The myosin and actin will not connect, and the sarcomere would remain contracted. D) The myosin and actin would not connect, and the sarcomere would be unable to contract.
Option D: The myosin and actin would not connect, and the sarcomere would be unable to contract.
Explanation:
Muscle contraction takes place by sliding interaction and cross-bridge formation of the muscle filaments – actin and myosin present in the muscle fibers or sarcomeres. This interaction is called a sliding filament theory.
Calcium is one of the main co-factors which regulate muscle contraction and relaxation. The two proteins which regulate muscle contraction – troponin, tropomyosin- require calcium to function.
Calcium acts along with troponin to facilitate binding of actin and myosin. When there is a lack of calcium, the binding of myosin and actin does not happen and the sarcomere cannot contract.
Which is not a source of carbon dioxide gas?
A humans
B machines
C plants
D factories
which statement of purpose best defines the objective of an experiment to test this hypothesis
A statement of purpose in an experiment should explicitly outline what is to be accomplished during the experiment and the methods of data analysis.
The statement of purpose for an experiment designed to test a hypothesis should clearly define the objectives of the laboratory procedure and the subsequent statistical analysis. An example could be 'Perform an experiment that evaluates the impact of microwave power level and heating time on the temperature of water'. However, it must also encompass the analysis component, such as 'Then, compare the experimental value of 50% power to 100% power using a t-test at both 8 and 10 min to determine if the power level significantly impacts water temperature'.
The overarching goal of experimental science is to rigorously test the hypothesis, usually with an intention to disprove it, thereby enhancing the hypothesis's validity if it withstands the testing. This scientific process involves careful experimental design, including considerations for randomization, replication, and control of extraneous variables, precise data measurement, and meticulous experimentation to successfully achieve the objectives and draw reliable conclusions.
Experiments attempt to produce other observations that support or refute a theory or hypothesis. Hence the correct option is b.
The purpose of performing experiments is to test theories or hypotheses by generating empirical evidence that either supports or refutes them. Through experiments, scientists systematically manipulate variables and observe the outcomes to understand the underlying mechanisms or relationships between phenomena.
Experimentation allows researchers to gather data in a controlled setting, enabling them to draw conclusions about the validity of their hypotheses. By comparing the observed results with the predictions made by the theory or hypothesis, scientists can evaluate the accuracy and applicability of existing scientific models. Therefore, experiments serve as a crucial methodological tool in the scientific process, facilitating the advancement of knowledge and understanding in various fields of study. Hence the correct option is b.
Complete question:
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of performing experiments? OA. Experiments are designed to produce unexplainable results. B. Experiments attempt to produce other observations that support or refute a theory or hypothesis. OC. None of the answers are correct. O D. Experiments can be replaced by logical reasoning based on the known facts. OE. Experiments are designed to produce the results predicted by a theory or hypothesis.
Which is a physical property?
1.boiling point
2.chemical stability
3.burning point
4.reactivity
Answer:
Which is a physical property?
Physical property include reactivity
Explanation:
Reactivity entails the reaction when compounds mix with each other, such reaction might be noticed by change in color, loss of water, among others
How does your body grow as you get older?
Your cells fill with water, and get bigger.
Your cells divide, producing new cells.
Your cells elongate.
Your cells combine with one another.
Answer: it B for sure
Explanation: you grow because your cells divide
Answer:
your cells divide produceing new cells you get new cells everyday sence you ever exsisted
Explanation:
Plants also need water as a reactant for photosynthesis. The chemical formula for
water is H20. There are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom present in one
H2O molecule. Make a model of H2O using one green and two yellow paper clips
from the bag.
Answer:
The model of water from paper clips can be made as follows:
1) As a water molecule has a single atom of hydrogen, we can place the single green paper clip in the center. This green paper clip will depict a hydrogen atom.
2) As two oxygen atoms are present in a molecule of water we can place each of the two yellow paper clips at the sides of the green paper clip. These yellow paper clips will depict the oxygen atoms.