A polynucleotide chain is a sequence of nucleotides that forms the basis of DNA and RNA, while a polypeptide chain is a sequence of amino acids that subsequently fold into complex structures to form proteins with various shapes and functions.
Explanation:A polynucleotide chain and a polypeptide chain are both crucial components of biological molecules, yet they differ significantly in their makeup and function. The polynucleotide chain is composed of a series of nucleotides, which include a phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases such as purines and pyrimidines. This structure forms the basis for DNA and RNA. Some nucleotides combine in a 5'-3' phosphodiester bond, creating a polynucleotide with a free 5' phosphate at one end and a free 3'-OH at the other.
On the other hand, a polypeptide chain consists of a sequence of amino acids connected by peptide bonds. This sequence, referred to as the primary structure, then forms further complex structures like alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets, which result in unique shapes and functions of proteins. An example is the insulin hormone with two distinct polypeptide chains, A and B. Changes in the primary structure can result in alterations in the protein's structure and function, as seen in sickle cell anemia.
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Which statement describes the outer planets
Answer:
the outer planets are primarily composed of gasses. also the outer planets are considerably bigger than the inner ones
Answer:
Outer planets are called gas giants. Outer planets have a high gravity.
Explanation:
List 3 imperfections of the vertebrate eye?
Answer:
Favors random changes (retinal tear)/ nerve cells in front of retina
Explanation:
i could only say 2 i dont know the other one.
Final answer:
Three imperfections of the vertebrate eye include the presence of a blind spot, variability in visual acuity and sensitivity among different species, and astigmatism as a vision defect.
Explanation:
Three imperfections of the vertebrate eye are the presence of a blind spot, variability in visual acuity and sensitivity among different species, and the occurrence of astigmatism as a vision defect.
The blind spot is caused by the positioning of nerve cells and blood vessels in front of the light-sensitive cells of the retina. This design flaw is a result of the evolutionary path that led to the vertebrate eye.
Visual acuity and sensitivity differ among species based on their ecological niches. For example, eagles have a higher visual acuity than humans due to their specialized life-style.
Astigmatism is an unevenness or asymmetry in the focus of the eye, resulting in elongated or blurry images. It can be caused by irregularities in the cornea, lens, or retina.
Lack of interaction with social and cultural environments transforms people into members of society.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
Lack of interaction with social and cultural environments transforms people into members of society is a false statement.
Explanation:
Socialization which involves social interaction of people with each other will help transform themselves into active members of society.
The way we interact and project ourselves to our friends, relatives, parents, teachers, colleagues, neighbors and others grades our socialization process.
Knowing about the social and cultural environment of society and interacting with others based on that knowledge will help an individual to interact closely with other people and hence will transform to being a member of that society.
People who are less or unsocialized, self-interested shows a lack of interest in knowing the social and cultural environment of others and hence would not be successful in socializing.
Socialization process helps to change the status of an individual from “I” to “me”. The “me” part understands the values, expectations, and rules of a society and hence interacts socially to become a member of society.
Compare headlines 4 and 5. Why is there a difference in the two headlines even when they outline the same scientific research?
Answer:
First, let's add the missing piece- the article
"Well, we haven’t read the articles yet, but I have their titles here. You can read them,” Alana said as she handed a paper to her mother with the following list:
1. Long-Term Cell Phone Use Spurs Tumor Growth
2. Mobile Phone Use and Acoustic Neuroma
3. Study Links Mobile Phones, Benign Tumors
4. Cell Phone-Tumor Link Found?
5.Study Indicates Mobile Phones Increase Tumor Risk
“Now I’m even more confused. Do cell phones cause cancer or not? Can I use mine or not?” asked Alisa impatiently.
“In my next class we’re going to read the articles, so I will tell you everything then,” concluded her sister.
Then the Answer to our question:
Both headlines 4 and 5 outline the exact same way, with little or no difference in the headline structure. On a closer look, we can infer that scientific research 4 looks less definite in a risk being found research. Unlike 5 which looks more definite in combining mobile phones with acoustic neuroma.
Can the classification system change? If so, provide an example of a way it has changed in the past.
Answer:
Yes, classification system can change with time due to the improved understanding of organisms around us and majorly due to evolution.
Explanation:
Carolus linnaeus devised various rules and factors to classify and name both plants and animals. This was the first system of classification.But, with the huge discoveries of scientific knowledge about these beings this system of classical taxonomy has to be revised again and again to incorporate new found information.One such example is the discovery of microscope which lead to the discovery of microscopic forms of life.And, this system of classification had to be changed.using the development of reflecting telescopes as an example , explain how scientific inquiry leads to advances in technology
Answer:
A scientific inquiry can be described as the different ways in which scientists tend to study about the phenomenons occurring in the natural world.
To make advances in scientific inquiries, scientists have to come forward with better technologies than the past to get a better understanding of the events occurring in the natural world.
For example, the telescope was the technology designed by Galileo in 1609 for astronomical observations. The reflecting telescope was designed by Newton in 1668 which was far better than Galileo's telescope and could make better observations.
The development of reflecting telescopes, initially driven by the need for more accurate astronomical observations, showcases how scientific inquiry spurs technological advances.
The development of reflecting telescopes is a prime example of how scientific inquiry leads to technological advances.Reflecting telescopes, which use mirrors to gather and focus light, were developed to overcome the limitations of earlier refracting telescopes, which suffered from chromatic aberration.This advancement in telescope design was driven by the need for clearer and more accurate astronomical observations.Early scientists, such as Isaac Newton, applied principles of optics to develop the first reflecting telescopes in the 17th century.This improved technology allowed astronomers to observe celestial objects with unprecedented clarity and detail, leading to new discoveries about the universe.Over time, further improvements in materials and engineering enabled the construction of even larger and more powerful telescopes, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, which has vastly expanded our understanding of the cosmos.The process exemplifies how new technologies can provide researchers with better tools for observation, subsequently leading to new evidence and the revision of existing scientific theories. As each technological enhancement opens new avenues for exploration, it propels science forward, perpetually fostering discovery and innovation.4 rooms
What must be true for natural selection to happen?
O
A. The system must not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
O
B. The population must be below carrying capacity.
O
C. All organisms must have the same alleles.
O
D. There can be no competition for resources,
Answer:
Answer: there must be genetic variation in the population
Explanation:
A PEX
For natural selection to happen, the system must not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. This means that there must be variation in the population, and that the frequency of alleles in the population must be changing over time.
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?Additionally, the variation in the population must be heritable, meaning that it can be passed on to offspring. This allows certain traits to be passed on more frequently than others, leading to changes in the population over time.
Competition for resources is actually an important driver of natural selection, as it leads to differential survival and reproduction based on traits that are advantageous in obtaining resources.
The population size and carrying capacity may also play a role in natural selection, but they are not essential requirements for it to occur.
All organisms having the same alleles is not possible in a natural population due to mutations, genetic drift, and gene flow, and it would actually limit the potential for natural selection to occur.
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The original gene for the production of a human hormone was mostly removed from a
Which aspect of this source should make the reader question its credibility?
A. It is not written by an authority.
B. It is not published in a major city.
C. It was not written recently.
D. It is a peer-reviewed journal.
Answer:
The correct option is A) It is not written by an authority
Explanation:
In the English language, credibility can be described as the quality of an object to be reliable or trusted.
A piece of written work which does not mention the name of the writer may be considered to be not reliable and trustworthy. Hence, the correct option is A.
Other options, like option D, is not correct because a peer- reviewed journal carries authentic information as the work has been rechecked by different people who have expertise on the subject.
What is the main purpose of the Ramsar convention?
Answer:
The main purpose Ramsar Convention is to protect and preserve the wetlands.
Explanation:
Ramsar in a location in Iran.In 1971, an international treaty was signed for the protection, conservation, and use of wetlands in a sustainable manner.Wetlands are water filled area having diverse population of plants and animal species. They in rich in both the aquatic and terrestrial plant and animal species.In order to protect these biological hotspots the Ramsar Convention Treaty was signed.Answer: wetlands
Explanation:
The following table describes several molecules and their functions. The molecules all belong to the same class.
Molecule
Function
Oleic acid used for energy storage and insulation in whales
Phospholipid component of cell membranes in plants and animals
Brassinosteroid steroid hormone involved in pollen elongation in plants
Which class of biomolecule do the molecules in the table belong to?
A. lipids
B. proteins
C.
nucleic acids
D.
carbohydrates
Reset
Next
Explanation:
The compounds are lipids
Organic compounds in nature may be large chains of monomers forming biological macromolecules which perform many essential functions in the body. Nucleic acids, sugars, proteins and lipids may be included. These are organic molecules, containing ringed or long-chain Carbons bound to oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) elements; they are contained in important organic biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.
Lipids serve as energy storage and chemical messengers for oils, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds and waxes and steroids. Nevertheless, lipids consist of fatty acids and glycerol; they do not comprise a fixed set of monomers, and they are not polymers, unlike the other biological macromolecules. Such non-polar macromolecules can offer hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties through the arrangement of hydrophobic heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails. Specific makeup: C, H, O; non-polar-a triple condensation reaction creates molecules bound to three long-chain carboxylic acids from a single hydroxyl (OH) alcohol.
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Answer:
A - Lipids
Explanation:
I got it right.
What does a line in between two individuals represent?
Answer:
In a pedigree chart, the line which is horizontal shows the parents which mated and produced the children which are represented in the vertical lines below them.
A pedigree chart can be described as a diagram which illustrated the sequence of ancestors of an individual. Often, a pedigree chart is used to look for genetic traits or genetic disorders which might run in the family history. Pedigree charts are important for understanding the probabilities of the offsprings in which a genetic disorder might occur due to family history.
[CM.02] The diagram below shows the movement of energy in the water cycle.
Diagram showing the movement of energy in the water cycle. There are three boxes and six arrows that appear in the following order: box labeled '?,' one arrow pointing to a box labeled 'Land,' arrow pointing to a box labeled 'Ocean,' and arrow leading back to the box labeled '?.' As well, there are two arrows pointing from the 'Land' box back to the '?' box, and one arrow pointing from the '?' box back to the 'Ocean' box.
Which term best fits in the empty cell of the diagram?
water vapor
evaporation
transpiration
atmosphere
Answer:
Atmosphere
Explanation:
The water cycle classifies the water reservoir as a surface or atmosphere. Water on the surface can be a lake, river or soil. This water will flow to the ocean, where it can easily get evaporated into water vapor.
Water on the atmosphere is not only water vapor, but it can also be snow or cloud so option A is wrong. Another option is describing the process that moves the water to different reservoir.
the genotype for people who do not taste PTC?
Answer:
Virtually all non-tasters (dd) cannot taste PTC, while homozygous tasters (TT) occasionally report an inability or weak ability to taste the chemical. The heterozygous genotype (Tt) has the "leakiest" phenotype as reduced or absent tasting ability is relatively common. This is formally called a heterozygous effect.
Explanation:
The genotype for people who cannot taste PTC is 'tt', meaning they have two recessive alleles for the TAS2R38 gene. This genetic makeup results in a lack of sensitivity to the bitter chemical PTC, distinguishing 'non-tasters' from 'tasters' and 'supertasters' who may possess at least one 'T' allele.
The genotype for people who cannot taste PTC is 'tt'. This means they have two copies of the recessive allele. PTC, or phenylthiocarbamide, taste sensitivity is an inherited trait determined by the presence of a specific gene, TAS2R38. Individuals who can taste PTC may have the genotypes 'TT' (homozygous dominant) or 'Tt' (heterozygous) whereas only the 'tt' genotype leads to an inability to taste PTC. The TAS2R38 gene contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence the structure of a taste receptor protein on the tongue, affecting the ability to detect the bitter taste of PTC.
Supertasters have an enhanced sense of taste, often because of a higher number of taste buds or sensitivity to certain compounds, and may have a genotype leading to a heightened response to PTC and similar compounds. The genetic variation in the TAS2R38 gene is a prime example of how taste preferences and sensitivities can be affected by our genetic makeup.
Lucy plans to buy a refrigerator. She wants a large model so it has enough space for all the food she needs to store so that she takes fewer trips to the grocery store. Lucy also wants a refrigerator that does not use too much electricity. However, when she goes to the appliance store, she finds that larger refrigerators use more energy. Which statement best explains why there is NO perfect solution for Lucy's
a. Lucy cannot choose the values of the variables.
b. The two variables have to be calculated.
c. There is a trade-off between the two variables.
d. Lucy does not know which variable is more important.
Answer:
D) there is a trade of between the two variables
Explanation:
this makes more sense
compare a cat arm to a human arm in form
Explanation:
The difference between the human hand and that of the cat are uses of the appendage and the size and number of certain bones. The human arm is used for a variety of functions while the lizard's and the cat's are used for walking an climbing,
Final answer:
The human arm and the cat's forelimb share a similar bone structure with a humerus, radius, and ulna, pointing to a common evolutionary ancestor. Their functions differ, with human arms optimized for manipulation and cat forelimbs for locomotion.
Explanation:
Comparing the forelimbs of a cat to the human arm reveals significant anatomical similarities. Both contain a single upper bone known as the humerus, and two lower bones, the radius and ulna. Additionally, both limbs include carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (hand bones in humans, paw bones in cats), and phalanges (fingers in humans, toes in cats). These structural similarities point to a common evolutionary ancestor. However, the functions of these limbs differ; the human arm is adapted primarily for manipulation and complex movements, while the cat's forelimb is adapted for walking, running, and climbing.
The bones of mammals like humans, cats, and whales all follow this basic design, indicating homologous structures that have evolved over time to perform different functions in different species. For example, the human arm is used for throwing, whereas the cat's forelimb is for locomotion, and the whale's flipper is for swimming. The construction of these body parts is controlled by Hox cluster genes, further underscoring their shared biological heritage.
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What is an example of an environmental effect on phenotype?
1. the large variety found in the color of human eyes
2. the gender of sea turtles being affected by the temperature
3. a wide variation in the amount of milk produced by cows
4. a dihybrid Punnett square predicting the wrong results for two different genes
Answer:
It is not 4.
Explanation:
A phospholipid is chemically similar to a fat molecule. Briefly explain how it is different.
Answer:
A fat molecule comprises of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid tails.
The structure of phospholipids comprise of two fatty acid tails instead of three. The third carbon of the glycerol backbone is attached to a phosphate molecule. The phosphate molecule is absent in the structure of a fat molecule.
1. Where do T-cells reach maturity?
A. bone marrow
C. thymus
B. tonsils
D. lymph nodes
T-cells reach maturity in the Thymus
Explanation:
The thymus is a lymphoid organ located in front of the heart and behind the sternum. The progenitors of T-cells are produced in the bone marrow in a process called hematopoiesis. They then migrate to the thymus where they mature and develop their specific antigenicity. Only about 20% of the progenitor T-cells mature. The rest mainly get destroyed by apoptosis.
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Which state of a dead body is caused by the lack of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the muscles?
Answer:
the elipsophre state
Explanation:
this is when the muscles and skine start to spoil
Building a house uses natural resources, human resources, and capital goods. In 1-3 sentences, glve an example of
each productive resource that can be used to make a house.
Answer:
Natural resources will be the resources which will be the building material for our house. Such resources include wood, clay or cement, steel and any other materials of such kind.
Human resources will be the humans which we will be using for the building our house. These will include the laborers, the carpenters, gardeners, welders, electricians etc.
Capital goods will be all the things with which we will stack our house such as food, furniture, appliances etc.
Answer AND Explanation:
While building a house, different resources are harnessed to complete the work. These resources include natural resources that constitute the building materials. They can be wood, cement, nails, stones and other related materials. The human resources include people who provide mechanical support to build the house. These are the carpenters, bricklayers, welders and plumbers. The capital goods are the essential things to stock the house with such as furniture and the money for labour.
In a pedigree, a vertical line and a bracket connect
A siblings to each other
B parents to their children
C husbands to wives
Answer:
In a pedigree, a vertical line and a bracket connect parents to their children.
Explanation:
A pedigree can be described as a diagram which depicts the lineage of a person and shows his/her ancestors in a pattern. A pedigree is very helpful in understanding any genetic disorders which occur in a family. It helps the doctor conclude that whether the parents will have the probability of having a normal child or not.
In a Pedigree, a vertical line will be drawn to show the parents and their children. A horizontal line is drawn between the parents.
the difference of the biomes of Kansas city and denver
Answer:
Answer: If you compare them, Denver has a much colder climate
Explanation:
Explanation:
Which religious texts are associated with Judaism? Select the two correct answers
A. Avesta
B. Gospels
C. Talmud
D. Torah
E. Quran
Answer:
Which religious texts are associated with Judaism?
Avesta and Torah
Explanation:
Both avesta and torah are associated with Judaism
Answer:
The two religious texts associated with Judaism are:
C. Talmud .D. Torah.Explanation:
The Torah and the Talmud are the two bases used by Judaism, on the one hand is the Torah where are what would commonly be the first five books of the Bible (the pentateuch) written by Moses, since in his view the Messiah has not yet arrived and they are still waiting for him, on the other hand, the Talmud is a compendium of all the rabbinical discernment through time that allows the Jews to better understand the word of God.
These are the 13 different species of birds that are related in the Galapagos islands
Answer:
Darwin's finches
Explanation:
Darwin's finches are the 13 different species of bird which he observed on the Galapagos island during his voyage on the H.M.S Beagle. The study of these finches helped Darwin to propose the phenomenon of natural selection. According to Darwin, the 13 different types of finches arose because of the different modes of nutrition for the birds located on each island. Through natural selection, those traits evolved which made the species more adaptable to live on the particular island
In watermelons, solid green rind color (G) is dominant to stripes (g).
A farmer crosses two watermelon plants that are heterozygous for rind color.
What are the odds that the offspring will have solid green rinds?
There are chances of 75% solid green coloured rind in watermelons.
Explanation:
Dominant trait = Solid Green rind G
Recessive trait= stripes g
Given that both the parent plants are heterozygous so their alleles will be
Gg Gg
From the Punnet square
G g
G GG Gg
g Gg gg
The phenotype ratio is 3:1 ( 3 watermelons with the green colour rind and 1 with striped rind observed)
Genotype ratio is 1:2:1
From the observation, we can say that 75% of the watermelons will have solid green colour rind because G is dominant over g.
The probability that offspring of two heterozygous watermelon plants for rind color will have solid green rinds is 3/4 or 75%, following a 3:1 ratio characteristic of a monohybrid cross with a dominant and recessive trait.
The question concerns a cross between two heterozygous watermelon plants for the rind color trait, where solid green rind color (G) is dominant over stripes (g). To determine the odds that the offspring will have solid green rinds, we must consider the possible genotypes that the offspring could inherit. With both parents being heterozyous (Gg), the potential genotypes of the offspring, according to the Punnett square, include GG, Gg, and gg. When these are combined, there is a 3:1 ratio favoring the dominant phenotype. The proportion of offspring with the solid green phenotype (either GG or Gg) is therefore 3/4 or 75%, meaning there's a 75% chance that an offspring will have solid green rinds. This calculation follows the monohybrid cross pattern, where the probability of an offspring displaying a dominant trait is the sum of the probabilities of being homozygous dominant (GG) or heterozygous (Gg).
How big is the rare earth market expected to grow?
What would most likely happen to this ecosystem if all of the red foxes were removed
Answer:
B. The Red Squirrel population would increase.
Explanation:
There isn’t another animal the would eat the Red Squirrels, therefore causing the Red Squirrels to over populate.
Answer:
B. The red squirrel population would increase.
Explanation:
As we can see on the table, red foxes are secondary consumers that's feed on primary consumers, if the red foxes were removed from the ecosystem the population of primary consumers that are eaten by red foxes (such as red squirrel and snowshoe hare) would increase.
In horses, the coat color black is dominant (B) over chestnut (b). The trotting gait is dominant (T) over the pacing gait (t). If a homozygous black pacer is mated to a homozygous chestnut, heterozygous trotter, what will be the probabilities for genotype and phenotype of F1 generation
Answer: The genotypes of the F1 generation are BbTt and Bbtt.
The probability of having a genotype BbTt is 1/2
The probability of having a genotype Bbtt is 1/2.
The phenotypes of the F1 generation are black trotter (BbTt) and black pacer (Bbtt)
The probability of having a black trotter is 1/2
The probability of having a black pacer is 1/2
Explanation: From the information provided, the genotype of a homozygous black pacer is BBtt while the genotype of a homozygous chestnut, heterozygous trotter is bbTt.
A dihybrid cross between BBtt and bbTt will produce sixteen offsprings in F1 generation. The genotypes of the F1 offsprings is 8 BbTt and 8 Bbtt.
The probability of having a BbTt genotype is 8/16 =1/2
The probability of having a Bbtt genotype is 8/16 = 1/2
The genotype BbTt is heterozygous black, heterozygous trotter.
The genotype Bbtt is heterozygous black, homozygous pacer.
The phenotypes of the F1 offsprings are black trotter and black pacer.
The probability of having a black trotter is 8/16 = 1/2
The probability of having a black pacer is 8/16 = 1/2.
The genotype and phenotype for F1 generation are BbTt and Bbtt and the probability for F1 generation is 50%.
What is a genotype?The genotype of an organism is the collection of genes, that contribute to the traits and characters of the organism.
In the F1 generation, a dihybrid cross between BBtt and bbTt will generate sixteen offspring.
1. The F1 offspring had genotypes of 8 BbTt and 8 Bbtt.
The probability of BbTt genotype is [tex]\dfrac{8}{16} =\dfrac{1}{2}[/tex]
The probability of Bbtt genotype is [tex]\dfrac{8}{16} =\dfrac{1}{2}[/tex]
2. Black trotter and black pacer are the phenotypes of the F1 offspring.
The probability of black trotter is [tex]\dfrac{8}{16} =\dfrac{1}{2}[/tex]
The probability of black pacer is [tex]\dfrac{8}{16} =\dfrac{1}{2}[/tex]
Thus, the probability for genotype and phenotype of F1 generation is 50%.
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Water vapor will change state from
energy has been removed,
__to
a t 100 °C when heat
OA) solid; gas
OB) gas; solid
O C) gas; liquid
OD) liquid; gas
Answer: C) gas; liquid
Explanation: There are three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Water can exist in these three states. Water is a liquid but when heat energy is applied to it, the temperature rises until it reaches its boiling point where it begins to boil and as water boils, it changes to gaseous state i.e., it turns to vapor. When heat is removed, the temperature decreases and the vapor condenses to liquid and if the heat removal continues, the temperature continues to drop until it reaches its freezing temperature (0°C) where it changes from the liquid to ice (the solid state).