Answer:
Fish farming can be described as a method which is devised to raise fishes commercially in tanks or ponds.
Some of the disadvantages of creating fish cultures are:
Keeping fishes in closed tanks increases their chance of getting a disease. If a disease is caused by a contagious microorganism then the disease will spread in every fish in the tank as its a closed proximity.There will be less genetic variation in fishing tanks.The certain antibiotics and chemicals used in fish tanks and ponds might be toxic for the fishes and effect their health.
Final answer:
Raising fish in fish farms can cause environmental issues such as non-native species escaping and becoming invasive, altering native genetic pools, decreasing dissolved oxygen levels, and spreading diseases to wild populations, which affects marine ecosystems and local human communities.
Explanation:
One drawback of raising fish in fish farms is the risk of non-native species escaping into local ecosystems. Such escapes can lead to genetic introgression, where the aquaculture species mix with native ones, potentially altering the local genetic pool. Additionally, non-native species can become invasive, outcompeting or preying on native fish, leading to a decrease in native fish populations. This phenomenon can result in lower levels of dissolved oxygen in freshwater habitats across North America, as the influx of farmed fish increases competition for resources. Moreover, the escaped fish from aquaculture can spread diseases to wild populations, which is another serious concern.
Fish farming practices using non-native species contribute to the restructuring of marine ecosystems. This restructuring often diminishes the role of native and previously dominant species, affecting ecological balance and local human communities reliant on fishing for their livelihood. The introduction of non-native species through aquaculture, with a high likelihood of escape, should be considered when assessing the overall sustainability and environmental impact of fish farms.
ABO blood grouping of humans is an example of co-dominance. Homozygotes (IAIA and 1815) express either the A or the B
phenotype. Heterozygotes (1215) express both phenotypes equally and the IAB individual has blood type AB. Blood type O is
the result of the genotype 1°1°: this blood type is considered the recessive trait and is the recessive allele for blood type.
Consider the genetic cross for blood type of these two parents. The father is type A and the mother is type B. Both have the
recessive allele for blood type 0. What is the probability that these parents will have offspring with type A blood?
red flowered plant and white flouvared lant is an ayamole
Answer:
In ABO blood grouping of humans, when the genotype that determines the type of blood contains the recessive O gene in the parents, a father with a blood type A and a mother with a type B will have a 25% chance of having a offspring with type A blood.
Explanation:
Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of surface antigens A and B.
Type A contains antigen A and its genotype can be A | A or A | O. Type B contains the B antigen, whose genotype can be B | B or B | O. Blood type AB contains both antigens and a single genotypic expression A | B Type O blood lacks surface antigens.In the case raised, the parents, type A (A | O) and B (B | O) will have an offspring:
Alleles A O
B A|B B|O
O A|A O|O
This shows that the chances of having a offspring with a blood type A is 25%.
Learn more:
Inheritance - ABO blood group https://brainly.com/question/275815
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
i jus know
You are given two unknown solutions, A and B. One of the solutions contains water and table salt, and the other contains water and table sugar. Without any testing, using the data table and your knowledge of chemical bonds, you are able to determine which solution contains sugar and which contains salt. Which solution is which?
You can distinguish between these solutions by looking at their crystalline structure. They form different structures because one is an ionic bond and the other one is a covalent bond.
Explanation:
Sodium Chloride (salt) is formed by giving and taking electrons, that is ionic bonding. It happens between a metal and a non-metal Sugars are formed between non-metals, where there is only sharing of electrons happened. It is called covalent bonding. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonding. Hence, if you keep the solution for an hour, there forms a crystalline structure. It would be different structures since their force of attraction differs.Answer: it would be A: A contains sugar and B contains salt, because salt is ionic and a good conductor of electricity.
The scarcity of food affect the size of a finch population
How are cells like little
Rooms and how are they different?
Answer:
Robert Hooke was the first person to examine a slice of cork under a microscope. He saw little boxes or rooms and hence, gave the name cells to the structure. He called them cells because their structure was similar to small rooms which were called cells by the monks. Hence, cells are similar to little rooms in the structure.
However, there are many differences between the two as cells are living things but little rooms are non- living things. Each cell comprises of the same organelles whereas little rooms might not have the same components.
How long does it take minerals to form
Answer:
I don't think there is any way to know :/ but they can take seconds to years.
100 points and brainliest
Name and Describe the 3 Classifications of Protists and What are three different ways that you can describe a protist?
Answer:
Protists are classified into three categories on the basis of their mode nutrition. They are as under.
1) Algae : Algae is made up of single cell having true nucleus. They are found in those places where water is present. They make their own food like plants.
2) Protozoa : Protozoa is also made of one cell and have true nucleus. They feed on another animals.
3) Fungus like protists : It is a type of protists which feeds on dead bodies of plants and animals.
1) Protists are organisms which are made up of single cell.
2) Protists are eukaryotes i. e. having true nucleus.
3) Protist have some characteristics of animals, plants and fungus.
2. Which of the following determines where a
population can live?
A. Whether its needs are met by the biotic
factors in the habitat.
B. Whether its needs are met by the abiotic
factors in the habitat.
C. Whether its needs are met by the abiotic and
biotic factors in the habitat.
D. Whether its needs are met by the other
populations in the habitat.
Answer:
The answer should be C.
Explanation:
Answer:
c
Explanation:
The answer is c since a population must have all of its basic needs met in order for the population to thrive. Hope this helps!
When too much water has accumulated
Answer:
Too much water accumulation leads to a condition called as water intoxication.
Explanation:
Drinking too much water leads to a condition called water intoxication or water poisoning. This happens because the concentration of water becomes such abundant in a person's body that it dilutes the concentration of electrolytes like sodium in the blood. This causes a disruption in the functioning of the brain hence leading to the death of the person. Various such scenarios have been observed in athletes drinking too much water.
When should you program your GPS for your destination?
A. Before you get halfway to your destination.
B. After you get halfway to your destination.
C. Before you put your car in gear.
D. After you reach your destination.
Answer:C Before you put your car in gear Explanation:So the driver is not constantly glancing and interacting with the GPS
Final answer:
To ensure safety and efficiency, program the GPS before putting the car in gear, aligning with the best practice of starting with the end in mind for successful journey planning. The correct answer is C. Before you put your car in gear.
Explanation:
When embarking on a journey, it is imperative to program your GPS prior to starting the drive. When you program your GPS for your destination, the best practice is to do so before you begin your trip, to ensure safe and efficient navigation. The correct timing to set your GPS is before you shift your car into gear. This allows you to have a clear understanding of the route, minimizes distractions while driving, and provides an opportunity to prepare for any potential reroutes that may be necessary due to unexpected conditions or obstacles.
Moreover, by programming your GPS ahead of time, you define your destination clearly and can envision the end result, which aligns with the adage 'Begin with the end in mind' from Stephen Covey. This approach not only contributes to achieving goals in various aspects of life but is also fundamental in navigation to reach a specific location safely and efficiently. Therefore, the correct answer is:
C. Before you put your car in gear.
If short is recessive to tall, provide the symbol representation and the phenotype for each of the genotype for this trait.
Answer:
Genotype can be described as the genetic constitution present in an organism. Phenotype can be described as the physical characteristics which appear in an organism.
The following symbol representation and phenotypes might arise as a result of these genotypes:
A) homozygous dominant: The symbol representation will be TT, the phenotype will be tall plants.
B) Heterozygous: The symbol representation will be Tt, the phenotype will be tall plants.
C) Homozygous recessive: The symbol representation will be tt, the phenotype will be short plants.
Which statements are true for a protein whose genetic sequence has 11 codons?
Select all that apply.
1.) It starts with an arginine amino acid.
2.)One start codon and one stop codon are used for its synthesis.
3.)The piece of genetic code used for its production contains 11 codons.
4.)The stop codon codes for methionine.
WILL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST
Answer:2.)One start codon and one stop codon are used for its synthesis.
3.)The piece of genetic code used for its production contains 11 codons.
Explanation: A codon is a nucleotide sequence on the mRNA that is made up of three nucleotides molecules. A codon is a nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific amino acid. Every amino acid is coded for by at least one codon. Some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.
During protein synthesis, every protein is synthesized using one start codon and one stop codon. A start codon signals the beginning of translation while the stop codon signals the end of translation. The start codon codes for methionine while the stop codon codes for no amino acid. Therefore, a protein whose genetic sequence has 11 codons is synthesized using a piece of genetic code containing 11 codons.
The true statements are that [Option 2] one start codon, and one stop codon are used for its synthesis, and the genetic code contains 11 codons.
Statement 1: It starts with an arginine amino acid - This statement is false. Proteins typically start with methionine, coded by the start codon AUG.Statement 2: One start codon and one stop codon are used for its synthesis - This statement is true. In protein synthesis, an mRNA sequence typically starts with the start codon AUG and ends with one of the stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA).Statement 3: The piece of genetic code used for its production contains 11 codons - This statement is also true. The mRNA sequence provided contains 11 codons, including both start and stop codons.Statement 4: The stop codon codes for methionine - This statement is false. Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) do not code for any amino acids; they signal termination of translation.Where is genetic information stored within cells? Genetic information is stored in the Question 1 options: nucleus as DNA molecules mitochondria as ATP. nucleus as ATP. mitochondria as DNA.
I'd say maybe Nucleus as DNA molecules.
Lmk if you got it right!
The genetic information stored should be a nucleus.
Genetic information related to cells:It is the basic building block for all kinds of living things. It gives the structure for the body, takes in nutrients from food, converts those nutrients into energy. Also, Most DNA should be located in the cell nucleus however, a small amount of DNA could also be found in the mitochondria. So here the genetic information should be the nucleus.
learn more about the cell here: https://brainly.com/question/18238930
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The African snail is a large snail that eats at least 500 different types of plants and is one of the top 100 invasive species in
world. What is the most likely way the snail was introduced into Florida?
A small animal was carrying one on its fur.
A boy brought a pair home as pets.
Two swam across the ocean.
One stuck to an airplane's wing.
Answer:
A boy brought a pair home as pets.
Explanation:
As small organisms will not have any major adaptations for moving quickly or flying to whole another country, hence it is not possible for the snail to travel from Africa to Florida with small animals. Getting stuck on the airplane wing is also not correct as they would have been wiped out by the wind pressure or might have not be able to survive. Hence, the most logical explanation for the snail to get transported to Florida is by a boy who might have brought them as a pet.
Suppose the two possible alleles for the height gene are tall and short. If short is recessive to tall, provide the symbol representation and the phenotype for each of the genotype for this trait.
The alleles for short will be tt and for tall TT
Explanation:
The recessive alleles are written in small alphabets in Mendelian genetics so the alleles for short is tt.
They must be homozygous to express the phenotypic trait of short height in progeny.
tt = short
suppose if a homozygous tall and homozygous short is crossed
all the progeny will be heterozygous tall. Tt 4:0 ( no short progeny)
Suppose Tt is crossed with Tt
If heterozygous tall are crossed then genotype ratio will be
Tt:TT:tt
2:1:1
This means only 25% will be short.
Question 5 (4 points)
Match the description on the right with the force on the left.
Question 5 options:
A non-contact force that is generated from moving charges.
A force that requires physical contact between objects.
A non-contact force that is generated between charged objects.
A non-contact force that exists between objects with mass.
1.
Magnetic
2.
Electrical
3.
Gravitational
4.
Contact
The clear explanation for the forces mentioned in the question given below
Explanation:
1.A non-contact force that is generated between charged objects is known as "Magnetic force" eg: train tracks, new roller coaster, a compass, motor.
2.A non-contact force that is generated from moving charges is known "Electrical force". eg: Electric charge in a bulb.
3. A non-contact force that exists between objects with mass is known as "Gravitational force". eg: The force that causes apple to fall down from trees, The force thatt makes us to walk instad of floating.
4.A force that requires physical contact between objects is known as "Contact force". eg: moving a chair or table across a room, kicking a ball
HELP ASAP. PLEASE RN. TY.
In tug of war, when one team moves toward the other, what can be said about the forces?
Answer:
The two teams pull with equal force as long as they're pulling?
Explanation:
Don't @ me lol
Final answer:
In tug of war, movement toward one team indicates unbalanced forces, where the stronger team exerts a larger force causing movement. If the rope snaps, the tension is released, and teams accelerate in the direction they were pulling.
Explanation:
In a game of tug of war, when one team is moving toward the other, this indicates that there are unbalanced forces at play. Initially, if both teams exert equal forces, the situation is in equilibrium, and the rope does not move. However, when one team starts to overpower the other, there is a resultant force in the direction of the stronger team causing the movement. If the rope suddenly snaps, the forces exerted by the players are no longer balanced, and the force of tension in the rope that was opposing each team's pull is released. The result is that the teams will momentarily accelerate in the direction they were pulling due to inertia.
Energy ______ takes place within cells
Answer: Respiration
Explanation:
Respiration is the process of chemical energy stored in food which occurs through various enzyme controlled reactions. Some of the energy generated is stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Hence, chemical energy from food is converted to chemical energy in the cell which the cell stores as ATP
3. Describe the functions of each of the eleven organ systems.
Answer:
Explanation:
integumentary- protection, produce vitamin d
reproductive- produce offspring
nervous-take messages in, process them, send messages out
endocrine-control body chemically by producing hormones
digestive-absorb nutrients and calories
cardiovascular-move stuff around the body
respiratory-take in O2 gas and get rid of CO2
immune-fight off invaders
skeletal-provide a framework and protect vital organs
muscular-allow movement
urinary- remove waste and control water balance
Final answer:
The eleven organ systems include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic and immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Each has specific functions such as protection, support, movement, coordination, hormone production, circulation, defense, respiration, digestion, waste elimination, and reproduction, respectively.
Explanation:
Functions of the Eleven Organ Systems
The human body comprises various organ systems, each with specialized functions. These organ systems facilitate essential life processes, including organization, metabolism, movement, development, and reproduction. The eleven organ systems are as follows:
Integumentary System: Protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information.
Skeletal System: Supports the body, protects internal organs, and facilitates movement through the attachment of muscles.
Muscular System: Enables movement of the body and internal organs, maintains posture, and generates heat.
Nervous System: Processes sensory information, controls responses to external and internal stimuli, and coordinates bodily functions.
Endocrine System: Produces hormones that regulate body activities, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Cardiovascular System: Circulates blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing waste products.
Lymphatic and Immune System: Defends against pathogens, returns leaked fluids to the bloodstream, and helps in the absorption of fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
Respiratory System: Facilitates the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the external environment and blood.
Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed into the body, and eliminates waste.
Urinary System: Removes waste products from the blood, regulates blood volume and pressure, and controls fluid and electrolyte balance.
Reproductive System: Produces and transports sex cells, with the female system also providing an environment for the development of a fetus.
Many organs belong to more than one system, highlighting the interconnectivity of the body's functioning.
Gabriela recently moved to a city in Florida that is prone to severe weather. Help Gabriela prepare for impending storms by identifying the
conditions that lead to each type of severe weather event.
I believe that this is the answer
Answer:
see image
Explanation:
Gel electrophoresis is often used in forensics. Look at the gel on the right. From the evidence DNA, which individual matches the DNA evidence left at the crime scene?
Answer:
Suspect #2 matches the evidence.
Explanation:
Gel Electrophoresis can be described as a molecular biology technique which is used to separate DNA, RNA and proteins based on their molecular sizes. Usually the different samples of the DNA are compared to a standard sample to see which of the suspected samples matches with the standard one.
In the diagram above, the bands from the gel electrophoresis show that the suspect 2 has the most similarities with the standard DNA sequence taken from the crime scene. Hence, he might be the culprit.
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used in forensic science to compare DNA samples by separating DNA fragments according to size. DNA is loaded into an agarose gel and subjected to an electric field, allowing smaller fragments to move faster towards the positive electrode. Stained bands showing DNA fragments are compared to identify matching DNA profiles.
Explanation:Gel electrophoresis is a powerful technique in forensic science for analyzing DNA samples. When a DNA sample from a crime scene is compared to samples from individuals, the process involves several steps. First, DNA is extracted from bodily fluids such as blood, semen, or saliva. The extracted DNA is treated with restriction enzymes and amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This mixture of DNA fragments and restriction enzymes is loaded into wells on an agarose gel, and an electric current is applied. The DNA moves towards the positive side of the gel since DNA molecules are negatively charged due to their phosphate backbone. Smaller DNA fragments move more rapidly through the gel matrix and will be located further towards the positive electrode, while larger fragments will migrate more slowly and be closer to the wells.
After electrophoresis, bands are stained using a DNA-specific dye like ethidium bromide to visualize the DNA segments. The pattern of bands is what constitutes a DNA fingerprint, with each band representing DNA fragments of varying sizes. The individual whose DNA pattern matches that of the evidence left at the crime scene is considered to have a matching DNA profile. The DNA patterns are analyzed by comparing the position and size of bands. Typically, a DNA ladder containing fragments of known sizes is used as a reference to determine the size of the DNA fragments present in the sample.
which statement describe characteristics of earths geo sphere? check all that apply
A male cardinal's red color is an example of a trait affected by natural selection. The females of the species choose mates
based on the vibrant colors of the males' feathers. If females begin using different criteria than feather color when they
choose mates, what would most likely happen to the color of the male cardinals over time?
If female cardinals change their mate selection criteria away from red feather coloration, the vibrancy of male cardinal feathers could decrease over time due to the reduction in selection pressure for that trait, exemplifying directional selection.
Explanation:If female cardinals start choosing mates based on criteria other than the male cardinals' red feather color, over time, the selection pressure for vibrant red feathers may decrease. This could lead to a change in the cardinal population where the color of the male cardinals becomes less vibrant or more variable, as the trait would no longer confer a significant advantage in reproductive success. This is an example of directional selection, where the environment, including mate preferences, drive changes in traits over generations.
What are nucleobases?
A.harmful substances found in the environment
B.nitrogen molecules that create the DNA sequence
C.special and unique enzymes used in DNA replication
D.genetic information that is passed down to offspring
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Nucleobases, also known as nitrogenous bases or often simply bases, are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which in turn are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids.
what kind of problems will we face if our body had no muscles
Answer:
musculer system is important part of our body. Muscles hold our bones together and helps them to move.
so if we don’t have muscles in our body, we won’t be able to move. we won’t be able to open and close our mouth. eyes etc. we can’t move our any body part.
no smile, no cry, and even we would not be able to breathe.
Explanation:
whye are only green plants are called producers
Answer: Because they produce gloucose by photosynthesis
Explanation:
There contain chlorophyll which allows them to undergo photosynthesis
Answer: They manufacture their own food in the process known as photosynthesis.
Explanation: Green plants have chlorophyll which is a green pigment found in plant leaves. Chlorophyll helps the plants to trap energy from the sun and use it to produce glucose in the presence of carbon dioxide and water. Green plants are called autotrophs or producers because of their ability to produce their own food. The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 +6H2O + sunlight ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
The sedimentary layers of Earth increase in temperature with depth. The massive weight of these layers also causes an increase in pressure which increases the temperature even more. This cycle of heat and pressure transforming the existing rock is called the rock cycle, a system of constantly changing rock formation and melting that links sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock. The hotter the temperature and pressure the greater the metamorphic changes. Depending on the conditions under which rock is changed, the rock gradient forms new metamorphic rock into high-grade or low-grade metamorphic rock
Answer:
The highest grade metamorphic rocks will be formed at high temperatures and high pressures.
Explanation:
Metamorphic rocks can be described as the type of rocks which are formed by a change in the form of the existing rocks. In other words, metamorphosis of igneous, sedimentary or existing metamorphic rocks leads to the production of metamorphic rocks. High temperature and pressure are required by the rocks to change its form and develop into metamorphic rocks. Temperatures usually more than 320 degree Celsius are required for high-grade metamorphism.
13
In a kidney machine, protein molecules are not lost from the blood
How is loss of protein prevented?
A
B
C
D
Membranes prevent protein molecules diffusing out of the blood.
Proteins are actively transported back into the blood.
Proteins do not enter the kidney machine.
The dialysis fluid contains protein, so there is no diffusion gradient.
Answer: (a) Membranes prevent protein molecules diffusing out of the blood.
Which of the following variables are constants in the Cell Homeostasis Virtual Lab? The percent concentrations of sugar solution in beakers B-E The type of solute (dissolved solid) The percent concentration of sugar solution in dialysis tubes B-E The mass of the sugar The amount of water in the beakers The amount of water in the dialysis tubes The amount of time the dialysis tubes are exposed to the sugar solutions in the beakers
Answer:
The amount of water in the beakers
Explanation:
The Cell Homeostasis Virtual Lab is an online experiment that illustrates the principles of homeostasis, osmosis and diffusion.The materials consist of beakers, dialysis tubing, sugar and water.The experiment measures the change in the mass of a solution at varying concentrations of sugar.The experiment demonstrates diffusion of sugar molecules through the dialysis tubing into the water-sugar solution.The change in the sugar concentration is the independent variable as it changes and in turn effects the dependent variable.The response or dependent variable, in this experiment, is the mass of the solution.The amount of water in the beakers does not change. Therefore, in this experiment, it is a constant value.The variables that are constant in the cell homeostasis virtual lab will be:
The amount of time the dialysis tubes were soaked.The amount of water in the beakers.The type of solute.Homeostasis simply means the state of steady internal, chemical, and physical conditions that are maintained by living systems.
Homeostasis is the condition of optimal functioning for an organism such as the body temperature and fluid balance.
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QUESTION 3
What steps are involved in creating hydroelectric power?
Water falls through a channel to a reservoir where it turns a turbine to generate electricity.
Water flows into the reservoir where the generator is located. The generator turns, which causes the turbine to transform electricity.
Water flows past a paddle that turns a generator attached to a turbine, and this creates electricity.
Water falls from a reservoir through a channel to a turbine. The water turns the turbines, which allows the generator to make electricity.
Water falls from a reservoir through a channel to a turbine. The water turns the turbines, which allows the generator to make electricity
Explanation:
Hydroelectric power is generated from free falling water through a river channel.
The flow of water at a high speed creates water current and the kinetic energy of the water movement spins turbine attached with a generator. This produces a rotating energy which spins the generator and the coil inside.
The magnetic spinning of coiled wire inside the generator produces electric current which is then stored and transmitted through electric power grid lines to supply electric current.
Hydroelectric power is generated by utilizing the potential energy of water stored in a reservoir behind a dam. The water is released to flow through turbines, which spin and drive a generator to produce electricity, subsequently transmitted through power lines.
Explanation:The process of creating hydroelectric power involves several critical steps. First, a dam is constructed across a river to form a reservoir, trapping the water and creating stored potential energy due to the water's elevated position. When the need for electricity arises, water is released from the reservoir and flows through a penstock, a narrow channel leading to the turbines. As water flows with kinetic energy through the turbines, it causes the turbines to rotate.
These turbines are connected to a generator. The rotational motion of the turbines is converted into electrical energy by the generator, which operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Once the electricity is generated, it is transmitted via power lines to be distributed for use. The water that passes through the turbines continues its flow downriver.
Hydropower is a form of renewable energy, and the efficiency of this process can be quite high, sometimes approaching 90% in terms of energy conversion. While the most common form of hydroelectric power comes from dams and reservoirs, other methods include run-of-the-river systems and less frequently, tidal and wave energy, which also harness the power of moving water but through different mechanisms.
Which of the following best describes the total amount of carbon in the system made up of the Earth and its atmosphere?
Answer:
I have 2 that I think best describes the the total amount so... 1. burning of fossil fuels 2. mineral carbon
Answer:
It remains constant because carbon cycles through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere
Explanation:
Carbon cycles through the Earth's spheres. Since the Earth is made up of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere, carbon can move within or between any two spheres in a cycle. It is transferred but remains in Earth's spheres, so the total amount of carbon remains constant regardless of the changes it goes through. These spheres are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. Carbon can be transferred from one of these spheres to another, but the total amount of carbon remains constant because no carbon is gained or lost as it changes location throughout the system. Therefore, it remains constant because carbon cycles through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.