what are possible reasons for a percent yield that is under 100%

the electrostatic forces are [tex]10^{36}[/tex] larger than the gravitational force

Explanation:

Let's do the calculation by using two molecules of hydrogen, each containing 2 atoms of hydrogen.

The gravitational force between the two molecules is given by:

[tex]F=\frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2}[/tex]

where

[tex]G=6.67\cdot 10^{-11} m^3 kg^{-1}s^{-2}[/tex] is the gravitational constant

m1 and m2 are the masses of the two molecules: since they are identical,

[tex]m_1 = m_2 = 2m_p = 1.67\cdot 10^{-27} kg[/tex], twice the mass of the proton

r is the distance between the two  molecules

The force can be rewritten as

[tex]F_G=\frac{Gm_p^2}{r^2}[/tex]

We can assume instead that electrostatic force between the two molecules is given by the interaction between the positively charged nuclei and the neatively charged electrons. Therefore,

[tex]F_E=\frac{kq_1 q_2}{r^2}[/tex]

where

[tex]k=8.99\cdot 10^9 Nm^{-2}C^{-2}[/tex] is the Coulomb's constant

[tex]q_1 = q_2 = 2e[/tex] is the magnitude of the charge of each molecule, where

[tex]e=1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C[/tex] is the fundamental charge

r is the distance between the two molecules

So the force can be  rewritten as

[tex]F_E=\frac{ke^2}{r^2}[/tex]

Therefore, the ratio between the two forces is:

[tex]\frac{F_E}{F_G}=\frac{ke^2}{Gm_p^2}=\frac{(8.99\cdot 10^9)(1.6\cdot 10^{-19})^2}{(6.67\cdot 10^{-11})(1.67\cdot 10^{-27})^2}\sim 10^{36}[/tex]

So, the electrostatic forces are [tex]10^{36}[/tex] larger than the gravitational force.

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Physical properties of a substance are measured without changing its composition. Chemical properties describe a substance's potential for chemical change.

Physical and chemical properties are key concepts in understanding how substances interact with one another and change. Physical properties, such as hardness, boiling point, and mass, describe the physical characteristics of a substance without altering its chemical composition. They can be observed or measured during physical changes, which include states of matter like melting, freezing, and vaporisation, where no new substance is formed.

In contrast, chemical properties describe a substance's ability to undergo changes that alter its chemical structure, like flammability or acidity. Chemical changes result in the formation of one or more new substances with different properties, a process where chemical bonds are broken or formed. For example, when carbon burns in oxygen, it forms carbon dioxide, indicating a chemical change from the original substances.

Explanation:

Skin Deep is developed by AAAS and funded by Neutrogena. I think

cell membrane part of a cell has a function that is similar to your skin, it protect the human body from harsh environment.

The cell membrane of a cell is a thin selectively semi-permeable membrane which covers the cell by surrounding cell cytoplasm, the major component of cell membrane are protein and lipid where the major lipid is phospholipid.

The proteins are different types present in bilayer membrane such as peripheral, intrinsic and extrinsic protein; Some major organelles of the cell have cell membrane such as nucleus and mitochondria.

The function of cell membrane is to protect the cell, maintain the  integrity of the internal environment, act as a base of attachment for cell to cell communication like cytoskeleton, helps in transport of nutrients into the cell and outside of the cell.

It only allows the molecules and ions maintain the specific physical/chemical properties, is a protective layer surrounding a cell, it allows waste to leave the cell.

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Answer:

2H2O + 1O2 → 2H2O2

Explanation:

by semiractions:

(1)      2 H2O  →  H2O2  + 2H+

(2)      2H+  +  O2  →   H2O2

(1) + (2):

⇒ 2H2O + O2   →   2H2O2

                     4 - O - 4

                     4 - H - 4

Answer:

The chemical element bromine is classed as a halogen and a nonmetal.

Explanation:

The oxidation state, sometimes referred to as oxidation number, describes the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound.

Explanation:

The oxidation number of an atom is the charge that atom would have if the compound was composed of ions. 1. The oxidation number of an atom is zero in a neutral substance that contains atoms of only one element. The oxidation number of simple ions is equal to the charge on the ion.

The oxidation number of a mono atomic ion equals the charge of the ion. The oxidation number of H is +1, but it is -1 in when combined with less electro negative elements. The oxidation number of O in compounds is usually -2, but it is -1 in peroxides. The oxidation number of a Group 1 element in a compound is +1.

Answer:

four times im cool.

Explanation:

The following is true of tetrads is they separate during meiosis I.

The correct option is (B).

Tetrads, also known as bivalents, are structures formed during the prophase I stage of meiosis, specifically during the crossing over process. During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads. Each tetrad consists of two homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids. This pairing allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes through crossing over.

Once tetrads are formed, they undergo a process called crossing over, where segments of DNA are exchanged between the paired homologous chromosomes. This genetic recombination increases genetic diversity among the resulting gametes.

During meiosis I, tetrads align at the metaphase plate, and then homologous chromosomes separate, with one chromosome from each homologous pair moving to opposite poles of the cell. This separation occurs during the first division of meiosis, known as meiosis I. Therefore, option B, "They separate during meiosis I," is the correct statement regarding tetrads.

As for the other options:

A. Tetrads do not exist throughout the process of meiosis. They are transient structures formed during prophase I and are resolved as homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I.

C. Tetrads are not found only in haploid cells. They are formed during meiosis, which ultimately leads to the production of haploid cells (gametes), but they themselves are formed during the diploid stage of meiosis.

D. Tetrads do not form in cells undergoing mitosis. Mitosis involves the division of a diploid cell into two identical diploid daughter cells, and it does not involve the pairing of homologous chromosomes or the formation of tetrads. Tetrads are specific to meiosis, which is a process of cell division that leads to the formation of haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.

complete question given below:

Which of the following is true of tetrads?

A. They exist throughout the process of meiosis.

B. They separate during meiosis I.

C. They are found only in haploid cells.

D. They also form in cells undergoing mitosis.

Answer:

Due to the lack of context for your question I’m not completely sure which you are talking about but NH can be Imidogen or it could be ammonium which is NH4^1+

The chemical formula NH is incomplete and cannot be accurately named without identifying the number of hydrogen atoms present. A common compound with nitrogen and hydrogen is NH3, known as ammonia.

The name for NH is not complete since the chemical formula appears to be missing a part. Typically, we would expect a numeral after the hydrogen (H) to denote how many hydrogen atoms are present, as in NH3, which is called ammonia. However, if N is intended to represent nitrogen and H represents hydrogen, then we would be dealing with a molecule composed of these elements. A fully correct chemical formula is required for a proper naming.

Answer:

                     284.88 grams of CO₂

Explanation:

Data Given:

                  Volume  =  V  =  145 L

                  Standard Temperature  =  T  =  273.15 K

                  Standard Pressure  =  P  =  1 atm

                  Universal Gas Constant  =  R  =  0.08205 L⋅atm⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹

                  Moles  =  n  =  ??

Formula Used:

                         Assuming that the CO₂ gas is acting ideally we will apply Ideal Gas equation;

                                P V  =  n R T

Solving for n,

                               n  =  P V / R T

Putting values,

                n  =  1 atm × 145 L / 0.08205 L⋅atm⋅K⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹ × 273.15 K

                n  =  6.47 mol

Secondly, Moles are converted to Mass as;

Moles  =  Mass / M.Mass

Solving for Mass,

Mass  =  Moles × M.Mass

Mass  =  6.47 mol × 44.01 g/mol

Mass =  284.88 grams of CO₂

Answer:

Set an alarm for five hours after your bedtime.

Go to sleep as usual.

When the alarm goes off, stay up for 30 minutes. Enjoy a quiet activity like reading.

Fall back asleep.

Explanation:

Answer:

juice wrld jk

Explanation:

Answer:

The particles of the solid vibrate faster and faster. After a while, they can start to move around

Explanation: Solid particles movement are restricted due to the strong force of attraction between the molecules,Solid phase will only change to liquid phase if the forces of attraction holding the molecules together are broken down by heat, when this happens the solid particles movement will become more mobile as the substance is moving from solid phase and liquid phase

The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:

How many grams of zinc would be required to produce 9.65g of zinc hydroxide

Zn+2MnO₂+H₂O→Zn(OH)₂+Mn₂O₃

Answer: The mass of zinc required is 6.35 grams

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]     .....(1)

Given mass of zinc hydroxide = 9.65 g

Molar mass of zinc hydroxide = 99.4 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of zinc hydroxide}=\frac{9.65g}{99.4g/mol}=0.0971mol[/tex]

The given chemical equation follows:

[tex]Zn+2MnO_2+H_2O\rightarrow Zn(OH)_2+Mn_2O_3[/tex]

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

1 mole of zinc hydroxide is produced from 1 mole of zinc

So, 0.0971 moles of zinc hydroxide will be produced from = [tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.0971=0.0971mol[/tex] of zinc

Now, calculating the mass of zinc from equation 1, we get:

Molar mass of zinc = 65.4 g/mol

Moles of zinc = 0.0971 moles

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]0.0971mol=\frac{\text{Mass of zinc}}{65.4g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of zinc}=(0.0971mol\times 65.4g/mol)=6.35g[/tex]

Hence, the mass of zinc required is 6.35 grams

The molecular formula of the compound is C4H8O4.

The molecular formula of Compound X can be determined by calculating the empirical formula and then obtaining the molecular formula based on the molar mass. First, we calculate the empirical formula using the mass percentages of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the compound. From the given information, the empirical formula is CH2O. To obtain the molecular formula, we need to calculate the empirical formula mass by summing the atomic masses of its elements. The empirical formula mass of CH2O is 30.03 g/mol. To find the molecular formula, we divide the molecular molar mass (128 g/mol) by the empirical formula mass (30.03 g/mol). The result is approximately 4.27, which indicates that the molecular formula of Compound X is 4.27 times the empirical formula. Multiplying the subscripts of the empirical formula (CH2O) by 4.27, we get the molecular formula of Compound X as C4H8O4.

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Answer:

3.5

Explanation:

The gas in the reaction is considered as the ideal gas. The new volume of the gas with heating was 2.77 L.

The ideal gas law can be given as:

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

For a gas with the change in pressure and temperature, the change in volume is given as:

[tex]\dfrac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

Substituting the initial pressure ([tex]P_1[/tex]), initial volume ([tex]V_1[/tex]), initial temperature ([tex]T_1[/tex]), final pressure ([tex]P_1[/tex]) final temperature ([tex]T_2[/tex]), and the final volume ([tex]V_2[/tex]) can be given as;

[tex]\rm \dfrac{1.4\;atm\;\times\;4\;L}{298\;K} = \dfrac{2.1\;atm\;\times\;\textit V_2}{310\;K}\\\\ \textit V_2=2.77\;L[/tex]

The new volume of the gas is 2.77 L.

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Answer:

im pretty sure its b. sand and iron

ik that magnetism easily separates iron

The correct answer is C) 8.7

The pH of a solution indicates the acidity or basicity of the answer. A solution is said to be neutral if the pH is 7, if the pH fee is less than 7 then it is acidic in nature and if the pH cost is greater than 7 then the solution is simple in nature.

Ph may appear as it belongs at the periodic desk of factors, however, it's truly a unit of size. The abbreviation pH stands for ability hydrogen, and it tells us how an awful lot hydrogen is in drinks—and the way active the hydrogen ion is.

PH is a measure of the attention of H+(aq) ions in an answer. The attention of H+ ions may be stated in mol dm(-three), but the use of the log(10) feature simplifies the numbers concerned. Definition: pH is the terrible logarithm to base 10 of the hydrogen ion awareness in an aqueous solution.

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Answer: C. 16

Explanation: In 2 (NH4)2SO4 the atoms of H is equal to:

H = 4x 2 = 8 x 2 = 16 atoms

Double displacement reaction:

A double replacement or displacement reaction, the process in which two compounds react and interchange positive cations and negative anions of two reagents, and created two new forms of compounds or products.

Conditions:

A feature of this is that two compounds are reagents and two various compounds are products.

Production of insoluble precipitate

           [tex]A g N O_{3}(a q)+N a C l(a q) \rightarrow A g C l(s)+N a N O_{3}(a q)[/tex]

Production of an insoluble gas

          [tex]N a_{2} S(a q)+2 H C l(a q) \rightarrow 2 N a C l(a q)+H_{2} S(g)[/tex]

Production of water

         [tex]H N O_{3}(a q)+K O H(a q) \rightarrow K N O_{3}(a q)+H_{2} O(l)[/tex]

Examples:

An example is the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride. Silver converts a nitrite ion to a sodium chloride ion, and sodium absorbs a nitrate anion.

           [tex]A g N O_{3}+N a C l \rightarrow A g C l+N a N O_{3}[/tex]

Also, other example as below

           [tex]\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}(a q)+2 A g N O_{3}(a q) \rightarrow C u\left(N O_{3}\right)_{2}(a q)+2 A g C l(s)[/tex]

There are two equivalent ways to maintain a double displacement equation: cation exchange or anion exchange.

Answer:

They are averages.

Explanation:

atomic numbers on periodic tables are derived from the average value of all the isotopes of the element. So being averages they are sometimes not integers.

Answer:

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called the mass number.  Atomic mass is never an integer number for several reasons: The atomic mass reported on a periodic table is the weighted average of all the naturally occurring isotopes. Being an average it would be most unlikely to be a whole number.

Explanation:

Jordan has to include control factors including light, temperature, and nutrient levels to improve the experiment's design. He must make sure that, aside from the music exposure, the second experiment's parameters are the same for both plants.

Jordan should continue to maintain control over variables that might affect tomato development in the revised experiment. To ensure that any variations in tomato yield are mostly attributable to the music's effect, controllable variables such as light intensity, temperature, and nutrient delivery must be present.

With the exception of the music exposure, both plants should be put to the same conditions. This well designed setup will make it easier to pinpoint the precise impact of music on tomato development.

Additionally, a larger sample size with both tomato plants exposed to music and those not will yield more reliable results. Jordan will be able to make more trustworthy deductions regarding the real effects of music on plant growth in this way.

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The given question is incomplete, complete question is- "Jordan is doing a science fair project on the effects of music on the growth of tomatoes. He has two tomato plants, Plant A and Plant B, that he grows in a window and gives the same amount of water. Plant A is exposed to classical music using headphones attached to the soil. Throughout the growth period, Jordan counts the number of tomatoes produced by each plant.

Plant A = 35 Tomatoes | Plant B = 55 Tomatoes

Jordan needs to repeat the experiment but his teacher says that he needs to improve his design in his second experiment what should he do different?"

Answer:

2 ... and 1

Explanation:

Hope this is right / helps

Answer:

It could either be 1 or 2. Depending on the question.

Explanation:

Final answer:

To balance the chemical equation C4H10 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O, we need to put coefficients in front of the molecules so that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. The balanced equation is C4H10 + 13/2 O2 -> 8 CO2 + 10 H2O.

Explanation:

To balance the chemical equation C4H10 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O, we need to make sure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

Starting with carbon (C), we have 4 carbon atoms on the reactant side and 1 carbon atom on the product side. To balance carbon, we can put a coefficient of 2 in front of CO2, giving us 2 carbon atoms on the product side.

Next, let's look at hydrogen (H). We have 10 hydrogen atoms on the reactant side, but only 2 hydrogen atoms on the product side. To balance hydrogen, we can put a coefficient of 5 in front of H2O, giving us 10 hydrogen atoms on the product side.

Finally, let's balance oxygen (O). We have 2 oxygen atoms on the reactant side and 2 oxygen atoms in CO2, giving us a total of 4 oxygen atoms on the product side. The equation is now balanced: C4H10 + 13/2 O2 -> 8 CO2 + 10 H2O.

Answer:

option A

Explanation:

Electromagnetic waves are those waves which is produced by oscillation or vibration between the magnetic field and electric field. For example radio waves, visible radiation, ultraviolet, infrared, microwaves etc

In electromagnetic waves higher the frequency means higher the energies and higher the energy means lower the wavelength.

Like gamma rays have highest frequencies with highest energy and shortest wavelength.

Answer:

4,270 Joules

Explanation:

The heat of fusion of water is 334 j/g. So, the equation would be (12.8 g)(334 j/g) which comes to 4,270 joules.

Written out that's just twelve point eight times three hundred and thirty four.

To melt 12.8g of ice at 0 degrees Celsius, one would need 4275.2 joules of energy. This is calculated by multiplying the mass of the ice (12.8g) by the heat of fusion for ice (334 J/g).

To determine how many joules are required for melting 12.8g of ice at 0 degrees Celsius, we should use the known heat of fusion for ice. The heat of fusion of ice is 334 J/g, which is the amount of energy needed to convert 1 gram of ice at its melting point into 1 gram of water at the same temperature without changing its temperature.

The calculation is straightforward:

In this case:

Energy required = 334 J/g × 12.8 g = 4275.2 J

Therefore, 4275.2 joules of energy are required to melt 12.8g of ice at 0 degrees Celsius.

Answer: 244.6°F

Explanation:

Law of conservation of mass for a chemical reaction can be expressed  by all of the above.

According to law of conservation of mass, it is evident that mass is neither created nor destroyed rather it is restored at the end of a chemical reaction .

Law of conservation of mass and energy are related as mass and energy are directly proportional which is indicated by the equation E=mc².Concept of conservation of mass is widely used in field of chemistry, fluid dynamics.

Law needs to be modified in accordance with laws of quantum mechanics under the principle of mass and energy equivalence.This law was proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the year 1789.For a reaction to obey law of conservation of mass it must be balanced.

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was,the law of conservation of mass tells us, in part, that matter is neither created nor destroyed.How can the law of conservation of mass for a chemical reaction be expressed? A. By using using coefficients coefficients in in a chemical equation B. By  writing a a balanced balanced chemical  equation C. By counting  the  atoms  present on each  side of the equation D. All of of the the above

The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed, meaning the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products. Introduced by Antoine Lavoisier in 1789, this principle highlights that matter can change forms but the total mass is conserved.

The law of conservation of mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This means that the total mass of the reactants (substances that undergo the changes) must be equal to the total mass of the products (substances formed as a result of the reaction). For example, when burning charcoal in oxygen, the mass of the charcoal and oxygen before the reaction is the same as the mass of the carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash produced. Antoine Lavoisier, a French chemist, introduced this concept in 1789, emphasizing that although matter can change forms (e.g., from a solid to a gas), the total mass remains constant before and after the reaction. The rearrangement of atoms during reactions ensures the conservation of mass.

Answer:

                      1.602 L (or) 1602 mL

Explanation:

             Molarity is the amount of solute dissolved per unit volume of solution. It is expressed as,

                         Molarity  =  Moles / Volume of Solution    ----- (1)

Rearranging above equation for volume,

                         Volume of solution  =  Moles / Molarity    -------(2)

Data Given;

                  Molarity  =  0.00813 mol.L⁻¹

                  Mass  =  1.55 g

First calculate Moles for given mass as,

                   Moles  =  Mass / M.mass

                   Moles  =  1.55 g / 119.002 g.mol⁻¹

                   Moles  =  0.0130 mol

Now, putting value of Moles and Molarity in eq. 2,

                         Volume of solution  =  0.0130 mol / 0.00813 mol.L⁻¹

                         Volume of solution  = 1.60 L

or,

                         Volume of solution  =  1602 mL

Answer:

They change the rate of reaction.

Explanation:

Temperature increases the rate of reaction as particles move faster.

(Temperature is the average kinetic energy of particles)

Reducing the particle size increases the surface area to volume ratio, which increases the rate of reaction.

Answer:

Format: What are the effects of X and Y on Z?

Independent variable 1: temperature

Independent variable 2: particle size

Dependent variable: reaction rate

Explanation:

i just answered it on e2020

Answer: Endothermic reaction.

Explanation:  A chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed from the surrounding environment.