Answer:
D) Population
Explanation:
Answer:
The number of House members for each state is determined by that state’s population
During adolescence, as individuals establish romantic relationships, other relationships with friends may decrease. This illustrates how throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink, or how development is:
Answer:
multidirectional.
Explanation:
Multidirectional development: The term multidirectional development refers to the process of development in which the development of an individual occurs i.e, it says that development doesn't occur linearly rather it carries the capacity of increasing and decreasing in efficacy over different phases of an individual's life.
Human beings development encompasses a multidisciplinary, plastic, multidimensional, contextual, and multidirectional.
In the question above, the given statement states multidirectional development.
culture is a learned__________________ meaning system that consists of patterns of traditions, beliefs, values, norms, meanings, and symbols that are passed on from one generation to the next and are shared to varying degrees by interacting members of a community
Culture is a learned meaning system that consists of patterns of traditions, beliefs, values, norms, meanings, and symbols that are passed on from one generation to the next and are shared to varying degrees by interacting members of a community.
In the weeks leading up to the 2016 presidential election, news outlets and polling organizations were nearly unanimous in their prediction that Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton would win. This is possibly an example of _____________.
Answer:Groupthink
Explanation:Groupthink is when a decision taken is based on the group such that the view of creativity of an individual doesn't come to light because they want to stay within their comfort zone of the consensus view.
This is when common sense and problem solving skills are ignore because everyone wants to maintain the popular view
Directive leadership: where the group leader directs the group and its discussions.
Group homogeneity: where the group know each other, come from the same social background, and share the same ideology.
Group isolation: where the group does not have exposure outside information which could be used to help reach a more balanced decision.
Few examples that lead to this
Complacency
When people have succeeded many times before ,they will tend to overlook things
Stereotyping
Opposing the group may seem unpopular
Loyalty Pressure
People want to maintain their positions and status so they keep their opinions to themselves and go with what the group thinks and they dear they may be considered disloyal.
Illusion of Unanimity
When there is silence after the question of whether everyone agrees , that will be taken as if the decision has been made unanimously
Answer: Groupthink
Explanation: Groupthink can be regarded a unique belief or thought among individuals in a particular group or society. Such belief or thought is reached without critical or empirical evaluation usually in a bid to maintain conformity, avoid division or argument within the group. Groupthink could be seen as psychological phenomenon which is aimed at avoiding conflict by reaching a consensus or making a unanimous decision which is devoid of critical evaluating or examination.
Pete is a sole proprietor broker and has six salespeople who he employs. On June 9th, Pete is killed in a car accident. Tom is one of the salespeople and his listing is set to close on June 20th. What will happen to the proposed closing?
Answer:
B). The estate will notify the Commission within 15 days of death and tell the Commission that a new termination broker has been found. The closing will continue.
Explanation:
According to the security and exchange commission rules, in the incident of the death of a terminating broker, a new terminating broker should be employed and the estate should notify the commission within 15 days of the death of the previous broker and the closing will continue as planned.
Abner, a 70-year-old retired teacher, feels that his life has not been of any real value or significance. According to Erikson, Abner has failed to achieve a sense of Group of answer choices basic trust. competence. autonomy. intimacy. integrity.
Answer:
integrity.
Explanation:
According to the last stage (integrity vs despair) of Eric Erikson's psychosocial development theory, individuals who feel that they did not achieve anything in life or get to their goals begin to have a feeling of despair and depression. On the contrary those who feel satisfied with their life choices develop a feeling of integrity. This stage of development starts in mid 60s till the end of life. Abner is in this stage and is experiencing the feeling of despair.
As this society moves up its production possibility frontier, producing more and more units of donuts, the opportunity cost of producing beer A. could decrease or increase depending on the technology. B. decreases. C. increases. D. remains constant.
Answer:
C. increases.
Explanation:
When there are more than one choices or alternatives and we choose one alternative among them, then the loss of the potential gain associated with the other alternatives when one choice is taken is known as opportunity cost.
A production possibility frontier is a curve or graph that shows the various amounts of any two products which can be produced when both the products depends on same finite source.
In the context, a society produces two products namely, beer and donuts. As the production possibility frontier moves up, producing more donuts by the society increases the opportunity cost for producing beer as the society produces both donuts as well as beer.
Hence the correct option is (C).
Identify the conclusion in the following argument: There will never be a group as popular as the Beatles. Modern music listeners have more music genres than ever to choose from. Also, some groups make a lot of money quickly and then disappear. In addition, music companies drop artists after one poor selling album.
-Some groups make a lot of money quickly and then disappear.
-Modern music listeners have more music genres than ever to choose from.
- Music companies drop artists after one poor selling album
-There will never be a group as popular as the Beatles.
Answer:
-There will never be a group as popular as the Beatles.
Explanation:
The argument begins with the statement 'There will never be a group as popular as the Beatles'. After that it explains how Beatles is different from the musical groups of the present. It emphasizes how some groups are purely interested in monetary gains and not making music.
Also, the music companies are also driven monetarily. The musical talent of groups is not nurtured and they are seen only as a way to make more money.
Hence, the conclusion of the argument is 'There will never be a group as popular as the Beatles.'
In the U.S., the history of ethical regulations in human subjects research began with the ________. Nuremberg Code Declaration of Helsinki Belmont Report Common Rule
Answer:Nuremberg code
Explanation:
On the account of this code the three principles discussed in the belmont report are respect for persons, beneficence and justice.
The ethical regulations in human subjects research in the U.S. began with the Nuremberg Code, followed by the development of IRBs and requirements like informed consent to protect participants in research studies.
Explanation:In the U.S., the history of ethical regulations in human subjects research began with the Nuremberg Code. This set of guidelines was developed in response to the atrocities conducted by Nazi physicians during World War II. As ethical concerns in research arose, particularly highlighted by tragic studies such as the Tuskegee syphilis study, further regulations and the establishment of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) were implemented. These boards are responsible for protecting the rights and welfare of research participants, ensuring ethical practices such as informed consent, minimizing risks, respecting the autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice principles in human research.
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Molly and Emily are members of a girls' basketball team who are responsible for helping to organize fundraising efforts for their team. Molly is extremely motivated to complete this task; in contrast, Emily only shows a mild interest in completing the required task. Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the likelihood that Molly and Emily will complete their tasks?
A) Molly's motivation will likely cause her to predict that she will finish her task quickly; however, this will have no effect on whether she actually completes her task quicker than Emily.
B) Molly will definitely complete the task in a prompt manner due to her high level of motivation; Emily might not complete the task at all due to her lack of motivation.
C) Molly's level of motivation should not have any effect on how she thinks about proceeding with this task; consequently, Molly and Emily should complete the task at about the same time.
D) Molly's motivation will probably cause her to become overly optimistic which, in turn, will cause her to not complete the task at all; Emily's lack of motivation will likely cause her to complete the task, surprising even herself.
Answer:
B) Molly will definitely complete the task in a prompt manner due to her high level of motivation; Emily might not complete the task at all due to her lack of motivation.
Explanation:
As molly is more motivated to complete the tasks as compared to Emily, so she is much likely to complete the tasks quickly and easily that with less times and Emily lacks motivation and has mild interest in the task that may result in her not completing the task on time.What is a control? Select one: a. Actions taken by an individual to exploit a vulnerability and gain root access to a machine b. A weakness that can potentially be exploited by a hacker c. A weakness that has already been exploited by a hacker d. Any countermeasure that prevents a vulnerability from being exploited
Answer:
d. Any countermeasure that prevents a vulnerability from being exploited
Explanation:
Vulnerability is a weakness which can be potentially exploited by an attacker. And control is that counter measure which prevents the vulnerability from being exploited by the exploiter or the attacker. Control is necessary to prevent any species or object from exploitation and misuse. It restrain the attacker and safes the vulnerable.
Hence the correct option is (d).
Sonia Soans is a corporate trainer. One of her favorite ways to start a training program is to present a case study and encourage members to think of the case in depth and discuss it amongst each other. Using the results of the activity, she understands the baseline measures of the group's functioning. During one of her recent sessions, she observed that the group came to a consensus very quickly. However, when asked to present their views, the team members were not too confident and appeared to be under an illusion of unanimity
Answer:
The team is experiencing "Groupthink"
Explanation:
Groupthink occurs when a group of individuals reaches a consensus without critical reasoning or evaluation of the consequences or alternatives.
Groupthink is based on a common desire not to upset the balance of a group of people. This desire creates a dynamic within a group whereby creativity and individuality tend to be stifled in order to avoid conflict.
Groupthink is not always problematic. In the best cases, it allows a group to make decisions, complete tasks, and finish projects quickly and efficiently. In the worst cases, it leads to poor decision-making and inefficient problem-solving.
Groupthink is the phenomenon where members of a group suppress their doubts and go along with the majority to maintain harmony and avoid conflict. In this case, the group quickly reached a consensus but lacked confidence when asked to present their views, indicating an illusion of unanimity.
Explanation:Sonia Soans is a corporate trainer who likes to start a training program with a case study to encourage group discussion and thinking. In a recent session, the group quickly reached a consensus but seemed unsure when asked to present their views, indicating an illusion of unanimity. This phenomenon is known as groupthink, where members suppress their doubts and go along with the majority to maintain harmony and avoid conflict.
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Engagement in pretend play and the ability to represent objects that are not present are associated with the symbolic function substage, which is the first substage of the _______ stage of cognitive development.
Answer:
preoperational
Explanation:
Preoperational stage: In psychology, the term "preoperational stage" is considered as one of the stages in the cognitive development theory that consists of four distinct stages and was introduced by Jean Piaget.
The preoperational stage is considered as the second stage and starts around two years of a child's life and lasts through seven years. A child gets involved in symbolic play, starts talking, and manipulates symbols.
Key features: Centration, symbolic representation, irreversibility, egocentrism, animism, etc.
In the question above, the given statement represents the preoperational stage.
During the Great Depression, was life better or worse for African Americans than it was for the lower class?
Answer:
During the Great Depression, life was worse for African American than it was for the lower class.
Explanation:
The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the United States. Its start was signaled by the stock market crash that led to a panicked selling of assets. Followed by deflation in commodity and asset prices and a lowering in demand and credit, it generated a process that resulted in severe unemployment (13 million people by 1932). For African Americans, that time was even harder than it was for white people. They were the first ones to lose their jobs - and at a higher rate, due to pervasive racism -, and received less aid from public assistance programs than white people did. As a matter of fact, even some charitable organizations would not serve African Americans in their soup kitchens.
Knockoff Shoe Company has started to produce a line of ladies shoes with very high heels and bright red soles. Bright red soles have long been associated with the ladies shoes of Famous French Shoe Maker. In a suit against Knockoff, Famous will likely allege?
Answer: Wrongful appropriation of a goodwill
Explanation:
Famous will likely allege a wrongful appropriatation of a goodwill. As they would say they've been known for red soles before Knockoff Shoe Company.
Famous will likely allege trademark infringement and violation of intellectual property rights against Knockoff Shoe Company for producing shoes with similar high heels and bright red soles that are associated with Famous French Shoe Maker. Famous may seek legal remedies such as an injunction and damages.
Explanation:In a suit against Knockoff, Famous will likely allege trademark infringement and the violation of intellectual property rights. This is because the bright red soles have long been associated with the ladies shoes of Famous French Shoe Maker, establishing a distinctive and recognizable trademark. Knockoff's use of similar high heels and red soles could create confusion among consumers and harm the reputation and business of Famous. Famous may seek legal remedies such as an injunction to stop Knockoff from producing and selling the infringing shoes, as well as damages for any financial losses suffered due to the infringement.
Your friend asks you to buy 20 items at the store. Given what you know about the capacity of working memory, how many items are you most likely to remember if you are not able to make a list?
Answer:
7 items
Explanation:
The working memory is the cognitive system of our body which has a limited capacity and it is responsible for holding the available information temporarily for processing. Working memory is very important for the purpose of reasoning and behavior.
According to the psychological researchers, our short term memory or working memory can hold or remember a limited number items and the average is considered as seven items.
Thus, in the context, I will be able to remember as many as 7 items if I have not prepared a list.
A new memory interfering with the ability to remember an old memory is to _____ interference as an old memory interfering with the ability to remember a new memory is to _____ interference.
Answer:
retroactive; proactive
Explanation:
Retroactive interference: In psychology, the term retroactive interference is defined as a phenomenon that describes the difficulty in remembering old information as the new information gets in the way or hinder the tendency of a person to recall older information.
Proactive interference: In psychology, the term proactive information is defined as a phenomenon that describes the tendency of an individual while memorizing a piece of particular information including formulas, names, or ideas to forget the earlier information being presented at first because of remembering the later part.
Which of the following is most closely associated with Moore's Law? a. Every year or two, the capacities of computers have approximately doubled without any increase in price. b. Demand for communications bandwidth is decreasing dramatically each year. c. Object-oriented programming uses less memory than previous software-development methodologies. d. Every year or two, the price of computers has approximately doubled.
Answer:
a. Every year or two, the capacities of computers have approximately doubled without any increase in price.
Explanation:
Gordon E. Moore is the co-founder of the organization named Intel Corporation.
He observed that, in every two years, the number of transistors used in the integrated chips installed in the computers are doubled but the cost of the computers are halved or hardly remains the same. His observation is known as Moore's law.
Hence the correct option is (a).
In Lawrence Kohlberg's research on moral development, reasoning that is based on a desire to please others or to follow accepted authority, rules, and values is labeled the ______ level. preconventional conventional postconventional nonconventional
Answer:
conventional level
Explanation:
Conventional level -
It is one of the level of the Lawrence Kohlberg's research on moral development .
In this level the process of reasoning starts , which depends on the people , authority , rules and regulation , is referred to as the conventional level .
Hence , from the given information of the question,
The correct option is conventional level .
Answer:
conventional level
Explanation:
The conventional level is the second level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. it is further divided into the two sub-stages that are:
a) conformity.
b) Law and order.
At this level, they learn about authority and rules by internalizing the role models such as adults, teachers, etc. Children at his level become conscious of the broader rules of society, and they obeying the rules to avoid guilt.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.
(A) year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output
(B) year, but only if the output of non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmed
(C) year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed
(D) year only if non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were trimming output
(E) year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output
Answer: E - year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output
Explanation: From the above question, we are looking for the best constructed sentence among the options given.
Looking through all the options, A and B with the phrase ...'but only if' is wrong.
Options C and D has some grammatical issues at the end of each statement which made them both not correct.
The only option we are left with is the option E which states that 'year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output' is correct.
The correct phrasing according to English grammar rules is option (E) 'year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output'. This option uses the correct verb tense in this context.
Explanation:This question is asking for correct sentence structure in English. Looking at the options, (E) 'year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output' is the correct answer. This sentence demonstrates the appropriate use of English grammar and verb tense in context. Rather than using 'were to trim' or 'would be trimmed' (which are both speculative or hypothetical), option E simply states 'trim output', which is the correct, factual conditioning required for the situation described.
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Avinash is laying on the grass in the park. As he looks up at the sky he seeks a pack of geese fly over in a V shape. He recognizes the flock as a whole group MOST likely due to the gestalt principle of:_________.
Answer:
The gestalt principle of connectedness.
Explanation:
The gestalt principle of connectedness -
It is one of the strongest principle of the Gestalt .
According to this principle , the elements are linked to each other in an uniform pattern as a one complete group , are more relatable than the elements that are not linked together , is referred to as the gestalt principle of connectedness .
Hence , from the given scenario of the question ,
The correct term is The gestalt principle of connectedness .
Execute the laws put forth by Congress. The President in charge of his cabinet, which encompasses fifteen executive departments led by an appointed member of the President’s cabinet. Some of the Executive Agencies led by the President include the following: a. Department of Agriculture b. Department of Veterans Affairs c. Department of Education d. Department of Homeland Security e. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Complete question: Execute the laws put forth by Congress. The President in charge of his cabinet, which encompasses fifteen executive departments led by an appointed member of the President’s cabinet. Some of the Executive Agencies led by the President include the following: a. Department of Agriculture b. Department of Veterans Affairs c. Department of Education d. Department of Homeland Security e. Department of Housing and Urban Development. TRUE or FALSE.
Answer: True
Explanation: Executive departments led by an appointed member of the President’s cabinet include: Justice, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Service, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Commerce, Agriculture, Transportation, the Treasury, and Veterans Affairs
Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are ________ similar in physical appearance. Compared with unrelated look-alike pairs of individuals, identical twins report ________ similar personalities
Answer: More/More
Explanation: Identical twins are more similar in physical appearance and also more similar in personality.
Twins have the same number of chromosome as well as same gene because they are from the same egg and sperm. Although the appearance of the identical twins might alter as well as their behavior as they grow older, this is mostly because of the divers environmental factors surrounding them.
Identical twins, compared to fraternal twins, are much more similar in physical appearance since they share the same genetic material. They also report having remarkably more similar personalities than unrelated look-alikes due to shared DNA and life experiences.
Explanation:Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are significantly more similar in physical appearance due to the fact that they share exactly the same genetic materials, as they are formed from the splitting of a single fertilized egg. Therefore, their physical appearance is more or less identical.
On the other hand, compared with unrelated look-alike pairs of individuals, identical twins report having much more similar personalities. This is because identical twins not only share the same DNA, but also are likely to share a lot of similar experiences growing up together, which impacts personality development.
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Social dumping occurs when an exporting country
A. imposes an export tax on domestic businesses that export, to compensate for the opportunity cost to the domestic market.
B. creates unfair competition based on lower costs because the exporting country provides little social support system to the worker.
C. targets markets that consist of specific vulnerable groups in the importing country.
D. exports good that are not sellable in the domestic environment due to hazards and safety
issues.
Answer:
The correct answer is : B
Explanation:
Social dumping is a practice of using cheaper labor. In a country where many people migrate this workforce becomes available. Then companies get a lot of profits and at the same time they save money. They are not obligated to give a social support system. This phenomenon affects the industries and the work environment.
Social dumping is a practice where an exporting country provides little social support to workers, resulting in unfair competition based on lower costs and exploitation of workers.
Explanation:Social dumping occurs when an exporting country creates unfair competition based on lower costs because the exporting country provides little social support system to the worker. This can result in lower wages, poor working conditions, and exploitation of workers in the exporting country. By offering goods at lower prices, the exporting country gains an advantage in the international market, disadvantaging domestic producers in other countries.
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Elaine is listening to a speech on endangered salmon habitat. She pays close attention to what the speaker is saying but disagrees with some of his points. After the speech audience members are asked to speak if they have comments or questions. Elaine raises her hand. What type of speech will she make?
Answer:An Impromptu speech
Explanation:An Impromptu speech is a speech that you give at a particular moment without any prior preparation. It can be a professional speech like a boss asking you on the spot to give an update on a project or just a casual speech at a friend's wedding. For Elaine it's an impromptu speech responding to this presentation because she feels she needs to state her own opinions on the issue.
What organizational form of government did the leaders of the American Revolution have in mind during the war?
Answer:
Confederation
Explanation:
BP violated the Clean Air Act by discharging pollutants from one of its refineries and was unable to reach a settlement with the EPA regarding a violation of the law. The EPA plans to go forward with a trial on this matter, which will be heard by:
a. an administrative law judge (ALJ).
b. the United States Supreme Court.
c. a county court judge.
d. an appellate court judge.
The EPA plans to go forward with a trial on this matter, which will be heard by: a. an administrative law judge (ALJ).
Explanation:
The Clean Air Act is a federal law passed by United States of America in the year 1970. The motive of the Clean Air Act is to protect the environment and human health from the effects of air pollution. The law is later amended in 1977 and 1990.
60% of the major air pollutants causing smog and particulate pollution are reduced under Clean Air Act. The law helps in reducing the pollution caused by acid rain. Emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide is reduced to an extent to improve the health of general public.
Lance is in the 12th grade and is presently dating the head cheerleader named Ava. Lance is attracted to Ava, who is very feminine in her mannerisms, and Lance reports that he is attracted to girls who are petite and athletic
asked Mar 1, 2016 in Psychology by Abigail
He and his buddies like to go "cruising for girls" on the weekends but he has never strayed from Ava and is thinking about proposing to her after they graduate. He has never been attracted to any other boys. Lance is considered __________ in terms of his sexual orientation.
a) homosexual
b) heterosexual
c) bisexual
d) transexual
Answer:
b. Heterosexual
Explanation:
Sexual identity is ultimately defined by the gender to which a person is attracted to. Lance has always expressed to be attracted to girls and never to boys. Therefore, Lance is considered to have a heterosexual orientation because he directs his sexual desire to the opposite sex
Henrietta is a sophomore who has barely maintained a C average in college. Henrietta finds herself panicking when she sits down to take an exam, because after so many defeats on exams, she is always convinced she is going to fail one more time. Fearing failure, she tends to take a passive attitude toward the exam rather than avail herself of the knowledge and resources she has acquired. Henrietta is exhibiting a type of
Answer:
Henrietta is exhibiting a type of learned helplessness.
Explanation:
Learned helplessness is a behavior displayed by people or animals that have been repeatedly exposed to painful (physical, emotional, psychological) stimuli. After suffering repeatedly, it is common for those people or animals to conclude they have no control over the situation. They no longer try to change it or avoid it, but act helplessly, instead. Even when presented with options, people and animals who display learned helplessness will not make an attempt to escape. In Henrietta's case, she sees failure as unavoidable and, even though painful, no longer does she try to change the situation. She is helpless; she has given up on the possibilities to change or escape the pain.
Youths who engage in delinquency, and get caught and are subsequently labeled, are referred to as pure deviants, whereas youths who continually break rules and avoid labeling are referred to as secret deviants. What models of labeling would best fit these two descriptions?
Answer:
c. Pure deviants, secret deviants
Explanation:
By using the labeling theory for deviant behavior, there are four categories:
falsely accusedconformingpure deviantsecret deviant.Falsely accused are those labeled as deviant, but who haven't participated in said kind of behavior, and are therefore falsely labeled.
Conforming are those who have engaged in obedient behavior and are not perceived as deviant.
The examples mentioned in the question do not fit with these two labels, and the most fitting models are:
Pure deviants - those who engage in deviant behavior and have been recognized and labeled as suchSecret deviant - those who engage in deviant behavior, but are not perceived as deviant by society and are not labeled as such.Using the same amount of resources, suppose that Nicaragua can produce twice as much coffeecoffee as Colombia. Nevertheless, Colombia could still have the comparative advantage in producing coffeecoffee if A. it is even less efficient than Nicaragua in the production of goods other than coffeecoffee. B. it negotiates trade agreements that assign it the comparative advantage in coffeecoffee. C. its currency is more than double the value of Nicaragua's currency. D. its productivity in wheatwheat is twice the productivity Nicaragua possesses in wheatwheat.
Answer:
A. it is even less efficient than Nicaragua in the production of goods other than coffeecoffee.
Explanation:
The comparative advantage for any product is related to the opportunity cost of that product.
Comparative advantage, an economic term which refers to the ability in producing goods at a lower opportunity cost when compared to their trade partners. Having a comparative advantage gives an organization the ability to sell services and goods giving a lower price than the competitors and also realize the stronger sales margins.
In the context, Columbia have a comparative advantage over Nicaragua in case of coffee production because even it is less efficient in producing other goods as compared to Nicaragua because Columbia is famous for coffee production and is the second largest producer of coffee in the world after Brazil.
Hence the correct option is (A).
Final answer:
Colombia could have a comparative advantage in coffee production if it has a lower opportunity cost in the production of coffee compared to Nicaragua, even if Nicaragua can produce more coffee with the same resources. the correct option is A. it is even less efficient than Nicaragua in the production of goods other than coffee.
Explanation:
The concept of comparative advantage lies at the core of international trade and it arises when a country can produce a good at a lower opportunity cost compared to other goods. Even if another country has an absolute advantage in producing all goods, each country will benefit from trade if they specialize in producing goods where they have a comparative advantage. This means they give up less of other goods to produce it. In the context of Nicaragua and Colombia, Colombia would have a comparative advantage in coffee production if its opportunity cost of producing coffee is lower than the opportunity cost for Nicaragua when resources could alternatively be used to produce another good such as wheat.
To answer the student's question, Colombia would have the comparative advantage in coffee production if "it is even less efficient than Nicaragua in the production of goods other than coffee" (Option A), because this would imply that Colombia's opportunity cost of producing coffee is less than Nicaragua's. This means Colombia gives up less in terms of other goods when it chooses to produce coffee. Option D refers to the notion of productivity, which is different from comparative advantage as it's related to absolute advantage. Options B and C involve trade agreements and currency values, respectively, which do not determine comparative advantage, as comparative advantage is based on opportunity costs.