Answer:
c. Devil's advocacy.
Explanation:
Devil's advocacy is a decision making technique used by a group whereby a person, two or more persons in the group are assigned the role of a critic in order to bring out the risks, flaws involved in a decision that is under consideration. This technique helps to select a better option of solution to be adopted by the group.
brainly Rule-utilitarianism has been accused of being internally inconsistent because the theory can a. always fall back on rigid rules. b. never be understood. c. easily lapse back into act-utilitarianism. d. be defended through act-utilitarianism.
Answer:
easily collapse into act-utilitarianism.
The political analyst in Michigan surveys a random sample of registered Democrats and compares the results with those obtained from a random sample of registered Republicans. This would be an example of:
Answer: Independent samples
Explanation:
Independent samples are the samples that are gathered at random basis and do not have any impact on other set of samples.These samples components do not depend on other factor's values and behavior for their functioning.
According to the question, the samples compared in Michigan research contains independent samples of registered Republicans and democrats .Both the parties do not depend on each other for their processing.
Do you think language design by committee is a good idea? Support your opinion. Who needs to be in the committee?
Answer: Language designed by committee is not a good idea.
Language should not be designed by committee, but it can be ruled and regulated by committee. So that non speakers of such language can study the language.
Explanation: selecting committee to design a language will always result to a compromise between the requirements and the viewpoints of the participants. When committees are to design a language and give it a rule, they will always be poor technical knowledge, which includes needless complexity, internal inconsistency, logical flaws and lack of unifying vision by the participants of such language.
But in setting a rule that regulate a language by a committee is accepted, so that non speakers of such language can also study the language.
People tends to learn new things to add into an existing language more easier, and faster, which makes language more interesting and comfortable by the owners of the language, but when a set of people are the only ones to bring in new things to the language, it makes the language boring to the speakers, any set committee to a language should only accept what, their noticed is now becoming a generally spoken terms for the language owners, as part of the language. And not to conclude and bring in a statement of their own to add to a language.
Language is what we learn basically as a child, so setting a committee to design a language means that all new born child should go and stay with the committee so as to learn the language been designed by the committee. Which is not practically possible.
When a client accuses a counselor of wrongdoing through a complaint with the counselor’s licensure board or through a malpractice law suit filed in court____________.
Answer:the client automatically waives his or her privacy rights and the counselor can reveal private information related to providing counseling services to the client
Explanation:The counselor is now a defendant and the client is the plaintiff hence the counselor now needs to defend her or his position and due to this fact s(he) can no longer stick to the client information confidentiality because the counselor will have to bring forward evidence that may include what they dealt with the clients in their private sessions.
Sociologists are interested in how social groups have changed over time. Of particular note is the degree to which individuals base their identities on group membership.
How has this changed in recent American history?
a.Americans today are more likely to base their self-concept on group membership.b.The degree to which Americans base their identities on group membership has changed very little in the past few decades.c. Americans today are more likely to base their identity on secondary groups.d. Americans are less likely to identify themselves as group members today than in the past.
Answer: d. Americans are less likely to identify themselves as group members today than in the past.
Explanation: In recent American history, social groups have shrunk, such that Americans identify themselves as individuals and are less likely to identify themselves as being a member of a group. This is due to the individualistic culture in America. For example, when an American is asked to describe who he/she is, they might mention their profession or their personality rather than mention being a member of a group.
Recent studies show that between 1985 and 2004, Americans have 33% less confidantes with whom they believe they can share their private thoughts.
From an interdependency theory perspective, the most likely reason why we act compassionately and magnanimously is because:
A. we were socialized to do it.
B. we would experience guilt if we didn't.
C. our partners ask us to act benignly.
D. it increases the likelihood we will receive valuable rewards in return.
Answer:
The answer is D- it increases the likelihood we will receive valuable rewards in return.
Explanation:
Interdependence theory is a social psychological theory that characterizes interactions for human psychology stating that interpersonal interdependence define interpersonal relationships such that human interactions and interdependence have an influence on one another's experiences. From the perspective of this theory, the reason why we act so compassionate and generous is because it increases the likelihood that we will receive valuable rewards in return.
Levin and Simons (1998) conducted a clever study in which a researcher (questioner) asked participants for directions on a college campus. During the conversation, a door was moved between the researcher and the participants. After that, the questioner changed to a different person. These researchers were studying ___________.
Answer:
The researchers were studying change blindness.
Explanation:
In the "door study", participants were exposed to major visual changes. They would be giving a man directions when two other men walked between them carrying a door. At this moment, the original man asking for directions would walk away carrying the door while another man replaced him. Approximately 50% of participants did not notice the replacement. That phenomenon is called change blindness, and it usually takes place when a person's attention is not focused on visual details. Since the participants in the study were more concerned with giving directions than with their interlocutor's appearance, they wouldn't notice the change.
Hofstede's dimension of ____ has by far received the greatest attention in cross-cultural research. It has been used to both predict and explain many differences across cultures, especially in many aspects of thinking and emotions.
Answer:
Individualism vs collectivism.
Explanation:
As the exercise presents, this theory has received the greatest attention in cross-cultural research. It has been used to both predict and explain many differences across cultures, especially in many aspects of thinking and emotions. The Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory, briefly described, is used to compare differences in different cultures and countris, trying to determine what is different, what varies. The individualism vs collectivism considers the aspect of integration of groups into societies, where the individualism indicates personal goals, as it's name suggests, and collectivism indicates the importance of being in a group an it's well being.
Final answer:
The Hofstede's dimension that has garnered significant attention in research is Individualism versus Collectivism, which helps predict and explain cultural differences in various aspects of life and organizational behavior.
Explanation:
The dimension of Hofstede's theory that has received the greatest attention in cross-cultural research is Individualism versus Collectivism. This dimension reflects the degree to which a culture emphasizes individual achievement and autonomy or collective well-being and interdependence. In individualistic cultures, people are expected to be independent and look after themselves, while in collectivistic cultures, individuals are part of strong, cohesive in-groups that provide support in exchange for loyalty.
It predicts and explains many cultural differences in thinking, emotions, job behaviors, attitudes, well-being, and various aspects of organizational behavior.
Geert Hofstede initially identified four dimensions in his research on IBM employees across 66 countries. These dimensions are helpful to comprehend and navigate the complexities of cultural attitudes and their impact on work-related practices. Other dimensions include Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Masculinity versus Femininity, all of which describe how cultures vary according to respect for hierarchy, tolerance for uncertainty, and the roles of gender, respectively.
Later, a fifth dimension was developed called Long-term versus Short-term Orientation, which aligns with the value systems of non-Western cultures. It speaks to a culture's approach to change, perseverance, and respect for tradition. This dimension has also become significant for understanding cultural dynamics, especially in a globalized business context.
Nuclear families that are not disrupted by divorce, desertion, or death typically pass through a series of changes across time that sociologists call Select one: a. the procreation pattern. b. the family life course. c. the family of orientation period. d. the birth cohort experience.
Answer:
b. the family life course.
Explanation:
Nuclear families went through the changes across time like one's life changes through out their lives like education, marriage, disease etc. The sociologists refers it to the family life course.
Alyssa was isolated from human contact and language by her (badly disturbed) parents for most of the first 13 years of her life. The effects of her early language deprivation could easily be seen and studied. This is an example of a(n) _____ experiment.
Answer: Natural experiment
Explanation:
Natural experiment are the experiments that has to do with observing and taking note of an individual's experience under experimental and controlled conditions, these conditions are natural and uncontrollable by the one carrying out the experiment. It is an observational studies and is not controlled like every other random experiments.
Botswana produces diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, and textiles, which it sells to the members of the European Union. To Botswana, the diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, and textiles it produces are examples of:
Question Options;
1) embargo
2) tariff
3) import
4) export
Answer; EXPORT.
Export can be defined as an act of sending goods, services or commodity produced in one country to a foreign country in the course of commerce.
This is an example of what Botswana does, producing diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, and textiles and sending them to foreign countries ( European Union).
A country or individual that exports is known as an EXPORTER while a country or individual that receives the goods or services are known as the IMPORTER.
The goods that Botswana produces and sells to other countries are called exports. These include diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, and textiles. These exports contribute significantly to Botswana's economy.
Explanation:In Business Economics, the diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, and textiles that Botswana produces fall under the category of exports. Exports are goods and services produced in one country and sold to buyers in another country.
They form a significant part of a country’s economy as they influence the country's trade balance, foreign exchange reserves, and gross domestic product (GDP). For Botswana, diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, and textiles are all examples of goods that they sell to foreign buyers, such as members of the European Union, contributing to their country's economy.
Learn more about Exports here:
https://brainly.com/question/34016735
#SPJ3
Which term do sociologists use to describe a socially defined group of people who are generally considered to be physically distinct in some way?
Answer:
Race
Explanation:
In sociology, the term race refers to a division sociologists made of people based on their physical inherited characteristics. In other words, the term race describes a group with similar physical characteristics that make them different from another group of people (like the color of their skin, the type or color of their hair, etc).
Therefore, we can say that race is the term that sociologists use to describe a socially defined group of people who are generally considered to be physically distinct in some way
Sean stops outside his professor’s office to check on the answers to a quiz. As he begins to write the answers down, his pen runs out of ink. He repeats the last four answers to himself while he rushes to his dorm room to write them down.
This is best explained by the concept of:
A) maintenance rehearsal.
B) elaborative rehearsal.
C) whole rehearsal.
D) partial rehearsal.
E) chunking.
Answer:
a. maintenance rehearsal.
Explanation:
Maintenance rehearsal -
It refers to the method of continuous speaking or thinking of a particular piece of information is referred to as maintenance rehearsal .
The method is adapted to learn or memorize the information , quickly .
Since , the short term memory can keep the information for 20 second , which can be further increased by practice the information again and again .
Hence, from the given scenario of the question,
The correct term is a. maintenance rehearsal .
Final answer:
Sean repeating the quiz answers while rushing to write them down exemplifies maintenance rehearsal, which is the act of repetitively thinking or voicing information to prevent it from fading from short-term memory.
Explanation:
The scenario described about Sean trying to remember his quiz answers can be best explained by the concept of maintenance rehearsal. When Sean repeats the last four answers to himself while rushing to his dorm room, he is engaging in a cognitive process aimed at preserving information in his working memory. Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information either mentally or out loud without necessarily attaching any meaning to it or making connections with other known information. This kind of rehearsal is typically used to keep information at hand until it can be used or written down.
You measured the heights and weights of a random sample of 100 NHL hockey players and found that the average weight was 190 pounds. However, suppose that the actual average for all 680 players in the NHL at that time was 192 pounds. In this case, the difference between your statistic and parameter would be:
Answer:
2
Explanation:
The difference between the statistic and parameter is 2. this is also known as the sampling error. Statistics represents the average value gotten using a sample (100 NHL hockey players) of the population while the corresponding parameter refers to the actual population mean. Parameters is the average of the total population and statistics is the average of the drawn sample from the population.
components have minimal dependence on each other, which simplifies testing, maintenance and troubleshooting because problems are easy to isolate and unlikely to spread.
Answer: Loosely connected
Explanation:
Loosely connected components are those elements that are part of system.Loose components are not tightly-coupled and have some amount of separation present between their link. These components do not depend on each other at high rate.
As the link between components have little space, it is most likely to clarify the task of testing .Reach and investigation of link and element is easy in this scenario as well as any fault can be troubleshooted through simple searching for repairing it. It also maintains non-spreading default environment because the connections are not tight .
A longitudinal study that observes first-born children’s behavior before and after the birth of a sibling is particularly vulnerable to a ____ threat since rapid cognitive and physical change normally occur at this age. history maturation selection testing
Answer: Maturation
Explanation:
Maturation threat is defined as the process that impact internal system by threatening it. Time is the major factor in this process that impacts the growth and changes of people in terms of cognition and physical factors.It can also influence the activity of person without requirement of treatment .
Other options are incorrect because history, test or selection are not the factors that can impact the internal validity of the person as a threat.Thus, the correct option is maturation threat.
Your company has a bank loan that requires a current ratio of 1.5 times. The owner has asked you, the bookkeeper, not to make the adjusting entry that would take the current portion from the long-term liabilities. If you make the adjusting entry, the company's loan will need to be repaid immediately (or the loan called). What should you do?
The answer is In this case you should not make the adjusting entry, as it is unethical and represents falsifying the financial.
What role does editorial thinking play in data visualization? Why is it important or not important in your opinion?
Answer: The roles editorial thinking plays in data visualization is to make the data( which has been breaking down to a visaul point) answer the questions of the audience, using a particular angle and frame, that can be understandable by the audience.
This Editorial thinking is very important in data visualization because it is the design workflow( that is the way a data has to approach a question, it will answer, so as to make the audience get the same answer from one data ) of the data. Without Editorial thinking, all the work been done to extract a data to a visual form, would be a waste, because it may not be able to answer correctly the questions of the audience. Without Editorial thinking, the audience to the data may have a different view of the data, which may lead to wrong communication of such data.
Explanation:
Data visualization is the act of making a data (information) visual and readable by it's audience. Data visualization tends to creat picture of the information in your mind so as to have a story of the data. While editorial thinking helps to make this picture been created in your mind to be the same with the one been created in the mind of the writer.
IN SUMMARY DATA VISUALIZATION HELPS THE HUMAN BRAIN TO BE ABLE TO TRANSFORM INFORMATION TO THE MIND, WHILE EDITORAIL THINKING HELP TO MAKE THIS INFORMATION, THE SAME WITH THE INTENTION OF THE WRITER( The one that owns the information)
Editorial thinking is crucial in data visualization as it impacts how data is interpreted by the viewer. It involves the selection and presentation of data to represent a certain narrative. However, due to the subjective editorial process, data visualization should be approached with a level of skepticism.
Explanation:Editorial thinking plays a vital role in data visualization because it involves the selection, interpretation, and presentation of data in an organized and engaging way to represent a specific viewpoint or narrative. The editorial process includes decisions on what data to include, how it is categorized, the scales and axes used, and the visual representation method. These choices can significantly impact how the data is understood and interpreted by the viewer.
In my opinion, editorial thinking is of great importance in data visualization because it can shape the story that the data tells and directs the viewer's interpretation of that data. However, this also means that data visualization should be approached with skepticism as the underlying relationships or interpretations could differ, much like how a single news item can have varying interpretations based on the perspective of the commentator.
For instance, an op-ed writer like Blow in your reference, uses visual aids to drive his points home to the readers. This demonstrates that editorial thinking and data visualization go hand-in-hand in conveying complex data or conversations in an easily digestible, interesting manner. This complements the modern digital era where the ability to analyze data to gain insights is fundamental.
Learn more about Editorial Thinking in Data Visualization here:https://brainly.com/question/30156814
#SPJ3
Kim has learned that a group of students in her algebra class have a scheme to cheat on the final exam. They are pressuring her to join them. Kim reasons, "It's not so much that I'm afraid of being punished, but rules are rules. Imagine what it would be like around here if everyone cheated on exams! I won't allow them to break the rules and mess up a great school. I'll turn them in if I have to." What stage or step would that be?
Answer: The stage would have to be two sided because you care about yot friends but you still dont want you and your reputation to be at risk.
Explanation:
The self is formed Select one: a. through interaction with others. b. before birth. c. from hereditary influences. d. before communication is possible.
Answer:
a. through interaction with others
Explanation:
In psychology, the term self refers to the idea we have of ourselves including our abilities, skills and how we feel about them. In other words, it refers to the idea that we have about ourselves.
There are many theories about how the self is formed (starting from Freud's psychoanalytic view) but they all agree that the image we have of ourselves is constructed based on the the interactions we have with other people and the feedback we receive from them plays a crucial role in the idea we have of ourselves. In other words, the self ends up developing through the influence of the environment and the people around us.
Therefore, the self is formed a.through interaction with others.
Which of the following statements about government regulations in the context of entry barriers of an industry is true? a. Government deregulation in an industry results in significant reduction in competition. b. Government regulation is not a major entry barrier for any industries. c. Falling entry barriers due to government deregulation results in higher competition and lower industry profit rates. d. The threat of new entrants is reduced when the government deregulates an industry. e. Companies that enjoy brand loyalty and have significant scale economies are the ones who face major threat of competition due to government deregulation.
Answer:
c. Falling entry barriers due to government deregulation results in higher competition and lower industry profit rates.
Explanation:
The entry barries in an industry are very important, the regulations helo the industries to be to sustain and to generate porfit. This deregularzation affects the industry. To more competition, the is a lower industry profit.
Falling entry barriers due to government deregulation results in higher competition and lower industry profit rates.
Explanation:In the context of entry barriers in an industry, the statement that is true about government regulations is: Falling entry barriers due to government deregulation results in higher competition and lower industry profit rates.
Government deregulation typically lifts restrictions on entry into an industry, making it easier for new competitors to enter. This increased competition can result in lower industry profit rates as companies vie for market share.
However, it is important to note that government regulation can also act as a barrier to entry, such as requirements for licenses and permits, which raise the investment needed to enter a market.
Asked what the central limit theorem says, a student replies, ¨As you take larger and larger samples from a population, the variability of the sampling distribution of the sample mean decreases.¨ Is the student right? Explain your answer.
The student is wrong about central limit theorem.
Central limit theorem (CLT)
Central limit theorem deals with distribution of the mean of sample.the sample means distribution approximates to a normal distribution when the size of the sample becomes larger, regardless of the population's distribution.Thus, the student is wrong as the CLT does not say anything about given sample's histogram values.
Learn More :
https://brainly.com/question/23563427
The student is correct. The central limit theorem states that as larger samples are taken from a population, the variability of the sampling distribution of the sample mean decreases.
Explanation:True. The student is correct in stating that as larger and larger samples are taken from a population, the variability of the sampling distribution of the sample mean decreases. This is a key aspect of the central limit theorem (CLT). The CLT states that if samples of sufficient size are drawn from a population, the distribution of sample means will be approximately normal.
Learn more about Central Limit Theorem here:https://brainly.com/question/898534
#SPJ11
How does Harte’s writing demonstrate regionalism? Look for both physical environment descriptions and examples of distinct western speech.
Answer:
Harte's writing style clearly demonstrates the western American style by the usage of sentence structure, vocabulary and the scenic settings. A few examples of such characteristics of western speech from "The Outcasts of Poker Flat" are as given in the explanation.
Explanation:
Speech patterns and words that are unique to that region of the country
"I reckon they're after somebody," he reflected; "likely it's me." "Tommy you're a good little man""He looked over the valley and summed up the present and future in two words, 'Snowed in'""It's agin justice," said Jim Wheeler, "to let this yer young man from Roaring Camp--an entire stranger--carry away our money."Physical environment descriptions
"He returned to his pocket the handkerchief with which he had been whipping away the red dust of Poker Flat from his neat boots, and quietly discharged his mind of any further conjecture.""A wooded amphitheater, surrounded on three sides by precipitous cliffs of naked granite, sloped gently toward the crest of another precipice that overlooked the valley. ""He looked at the gloomy walls that rose a thousand feet sheer above the circling pines around him; at the sky, ominously clouded; at the valley below, already deepening into shadow.""The Innocent with the aid of pine boughs extemporized a thatch for the roofless cabin""But it revealed drift on drift of snow piled high around the hut--a hopeless, uncharted, trackless sea of white lying below the rocky shores to which the castaways still clung. Through the marvelously clear air the smoke of the pastoral village of Poker Flat rose miles away. "In 2010, approximately 13% of college students reported consuming 10 or more alcoholic drinks in a row, a level of alcohol consumption known as ________ ______ drinking.
Answer:
The answer is extreme binge drinking.
Explanation:
It is said that many Americans engage in extreme binge drinking or that they consume at least eight to 10 drinks that have alcohol. This tendency is increasing in the U.S.
These findings become a problem because this high level of drinking is related to aspects like health as well as safety risks, and there is also an important risk regarding injuries or even death according to some researchers.
Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination Select one: a. is a belief based on fact. b. is an emotional feeling. c. involves behavior that includes the outright denial of power, privilege, and prestige to members of a minority group. d. is an unchanging state of mind.
Answer:c. involves behavior that includes the outright denial of power, privilege, and prestige to members of a minority group.
Explanation: Prejudice is based on preconceived ideas and judgements about people who belong to a minority group , these preconceived ideas ,opinions and judgements are not formed from any justified facts or sufficient knowledge. Prejudice lead to hostility and mistreatment of the minority groups
Rebecca had her daughter, Nicole, when she was a teenager. Rebecca has never felt close to her daughter and she is unresponsive to Nicole's physical and psychological needs. Now that Nicole is a preschooler, Rebecca ignores Nicole's attempts at conversation. Rebecca barely recognizes that Nicole is in the room with her. What type of emotional abuse is this?
A Belittling and ridiculing
B Coldness and ignoring
C Corrupting
D Terrorizing
Answer:
B. Coldness and ignoring.
Explanation:
Emotional abuse which also can be referred to as psychological abuse is a form of abuse that has a negative impact on the person being abused, the effect usually results in depression, anger, suicidal thoughts e.t.c.
Rebecca as a teenager has shown coldness by emotionally abusing her daughter Nichole by being unresponsive to her physical and psychological needs.
Rebecca has also emotionally abused Nichole by ignoring her when she attempts to make a conversation with her and also failing to notice her presence.
Final answer:
Rebecca's unresponsiveness and ignoring of her daughter's attempts at communication and needs constitute emotional abuse, specifically coldness and ignoring, which is a subtype of emotional neglect.
Explanation:
In the scenario described, Rebecca is exhibiting emotional abuse towards her daughter, Nicole, by being unresponsive to her physical and psychological needs and ignoring her attempts at conversation. This behavior falls under the category of coldness and ignoring, which is a form of emotional neglect. Emotional neglect refers to a situation where a caregiver fails to respond adequately to a child's emotional needs. This form of abuse can have long-term negative effects on a child's emotional development, leading to problems such as emotional withdrawal, anxiety, and poor performance in school.
A newly registered representative would like to open a margin account for himself at his employer's firm and day trade security positions. Under security industry regulations:[A] This would not be allowed under any circumstances.[B] This would be allowed if the registered representative's transactions were reviewed and ENDORSED by a principal of the firm.[C] This would be allowed if the registered representative's transactions were reviewed and approved prior to entry by a principal of the firm.[D] This would be allowed without any restrictions.
Answer:
B. This would be allowed if the registered representative's transactions were reviewed and ENDORSED by a principal of the firm.
Explanation:
The industry regulation states for the businesses to maintain a level of reasonable security and also that the organizations required security practices also to extend among the business partners.
In the context, for a newly representative who wishes to open an account, the industry regulations allowed the transaction of the registered representative to be received and to be endorsed by any principal of the firm, but not prior to any entry.
A good economic model A. is as simple as possible, including only necessary details B. is as complex as possible, including many details C. represents reality as concretely as possible D. tries to be as detailed as the reality it is describing E. is very detailed regardless of its purpose
Answer:
A. is as simple as possible, including only necessary details
Explanation:
A good economic model -
It refers to the framework , which helps to demonstrate the complex economics process in a simplified manner is referred to as a good economic model .
The model need to be extremely simple , then only it is called as a good economic model .
All the facts and figures need to be very clear and descriptive .
Hence, from the given information of the question,
The correct option is a.
In a complex task such as creating a website for learning, instructors may want to support the generation of multiple solutions in learners' peer feedback. Anonymity may create a social context where learners feel freer to express varied ideas, and make the task of giving feedback less inhibited. However, teachers need to know just how anonymity impacts the learning dynamic in order to make informed choices about when anonymous configurations are appropriate in peer feedback. References: Howard, C. D., Barrett, A. F., & Frick, T. W. (2010). Anonymity to promote peer feedback: Pre-service teachers' comments in asynchronous computer-mediated communication. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 43(1), 89-112.
The correct answer is Word-for-Word plagiarism
Anonymity would be very useful in this class because it allows students to express their point of view without feeling that they will be judged by their classmates.
Anonymity impacts the learning
In the educational field, students are not only focused on learning the curricular contents taught by teachers, but the social part where they create friendships with each other is also involved. When a student has to make constructive criticism of another classmate, it often does not think about whether the work it did but how its criticism can affect the friendship it has with the person, which interferes to express an objective opinion.If teachers implement anonymity in the feedback process, they will find more extensive opinions and criticisms in the learning process.Learn more about Educational field, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/2282082
You are trying to reduce turnover in your organization. After considering what you know, you suspect that turnover is high because employees are feeling unchallenged. This idea is a_______
The correct answer is strategy
Explanation: It is important to take steps to recognize possible causes of turnover