Answer:
To enforce this promise we need to analyse whether there has been any agreement or contract between Sarah and Odessa and whether the same can be enforced.
Explanation:
In Sarah's case, her offer to gratuitously pay the neighbor for assisting in the house fire is not an enforceable contract. When the neighbor rushed to help in the fire, the offer to pay $1,000 had not yet been extended. When Sarah did extend the offer to pay $1,000, there was no consideration exchanged between both parties. The consideration, putting out the fire, had already occurred without the offer or acceptance of a contract.
Consider an alternate scenario. Sarah's house was on fire, and she could not wait for the fire department. She ran to her neighbor's house, begged for help, and offered $1,000 in exchange for neighbor's assistance. After hearing Sarah's plea, the neighbor agrees to assist in extinguishing the fire. This constitutes a contract; an offer, consideration, and acceptance.
Final answer:
Sarah's promise to pay Odessa $1,000 for extinguishing a fire is not enforceable since it is a gratuitous promise without consideration. Odessa did not provide anything of value after the promise was made, and the information given does not suggest detrimental reliance, which could have made promissory estoppel applicable.
Explanation:
Under the principle of contract law, a promise is generally not enforceable without consideration, which means that each party must contribute something of value or undertake an obligation they are not otherwise required to. In the scenario presented with Sarah and Odessa, Sarah's promise to pay $1,000 to her neighbor Odessa for extinguishing a fire is a classic example of what is known as a gratuitous promise. Since Odessa had already extinguished the fire, she did not provide any consideration after the fact, making the promise akin to a gift rather than an enforceable contract.
A different outcome might be possible if Odessa extinguished the fire in reliance on the promise and this reliance was to Odessa's detriment, potentially giving rise to an argument based on promissory estoppel. However, based on the information given, which does not suggest such detrimental reliance, the promise is not enforceable and is purely gratuitous, meaning Odessa cannot legally enforce Sarah's promise to pay the $1,000.
Indicate the effect each account has on retained earnings. (increase, decrease, or no effect)
a)advertising expense
b)Service revenue
c) Insurance expense
d) Salaries & Wages Expense
e) Dividends
f) Rent revenue
g) Utilities Expense
Answer:
Decrease:
a)advertising expense
c) Insurance expense
d) Salaries & Wages Expense
g) Utilities Expens
Descrease:
e) Dividends
Increase:
b)Service revenue
f) Rent revenue
Explanation:
The retained earnings accumulates the net income of every year.
As net income is determinate like:
revenues - expense = gross profit
expense will make this difference lower and therefore not beign able to help you These are the changes for:
adv expense
service revenue
insurance exepense salaries and wages
Dividends will also decrease RE as they represent a disribution of the accumualted earnings in favor of the stockholders
Finally revenues increase it as they make net income to increase as well.
Revenues increase retained earnings while expenses and dividends decrease them. The accounts in the question are either expense or revenue accounts, hence they either increase or decrease retained earnings respectively.
Explanation:Retained earnings represent the cumulative net income of a company that is retained by the company after the distribution of dividends to shareholders. Each account has a different effect on retained earnings:
Advertising Expense: This is an expense account and would decrease retained earnings.Service Revenue: This is a revenue account and would increase retained earnings.Insurance Expense: Being an expense account, it would decrease retained earnings.Salaries & Wages Expense: This is an expense account and thus would decrease retained earnings.Dividends: Dividends are paid out of retained earnings and therefore decrease these earnings.Rent Revenue: As a revenue account, this would increase retained earnings.Utilities Expense: This is an expense account, leading to a decrease in retained earnings.It's important to understand that revenue accounts increase retained earnings while expense accounts and dividends decrease it. This is because retained earnings are part of equity, which is determined by the formula: Equity = Assets - Liabilities. Revenues increase equity, while expenses and dividends reduce it.
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The Foxboro Manufacturing Company provided you with the following information for the fiscal year ended December 31. Work-in-process inventory, 12/31 $ 57,900 Finished goods inventory, 1/1 307,400 Direct labor costs incurred 1,004,300 Manufacturing overhead costs 2,693,400 Direct materials inventory, 1/1 250,800 Finished goods inventory, 12/31 511,000 Direct materials purchased 1,750,200 Work-in-process inventory, 1/1 101,000 Direct materials inventory, 12/31 169,400 Required: (a) Compute the total manufacturing costs incurred during the year. (b) Compute the total work-in-process during the year. (c) Compute the cost of goods manufactured during the year. (d) Compute the cost of goods sold during the year. (e) Compute the total prime costs for the year. (f) Compute the total conversion costs for the year.
To calculate the various manufacturing costs for Foxboro Manufacturing Company, you sum up direct labor, overhead costs, and direct materials used; calculate work-in-process; and factor in beginning and ending inventories to find cost of goods manufactured and sold, as well as total prime and conversion costs.
Calculating Costs in Manufacturing
The goal is to calculate various manufacturing costs for Foxboro Manufacturing Company using the given inventory and cost data.
Here are the computations for each requirement:
Total manufacturing costs incurred during the year is the sum of direct labor costs incurred, manufacturing overhead costs, and the total cost of direct materials used.
Direct materials used is calculated as the beginning direct materials inventory plus direct materials purchased minus ending direct materials inventory: (250,800 + 1,750,200 - 169,400).
Total work-in-process during the year is the sum of total manufacturing costs and the beginning work-in-process inventory minus the ending work-in-process inventory.
Cost of goods manufactured during the year is the total work-in-process during the year added to the beginning work-in-process inventory and then subtracting the ending work-in-process inventory.
Cost of goods sold during the year is the cost of goods manufactured plus beginning finished goods inventory minus ending finished goods inventory.
Total prime costs for the year is the sum of direct labor and direct materials used.
Total conversion costs for the year is the sum of direct labor costs and manufacturing overhead costs.
After calculating all the above, we get a clear picture of how the production costs are distributed across materials, labor, and overheads resulting in the cost structure for Foxboro Manufacturing Company.
Suppose that Spain and Austria both produce fish and olives. Spain's opportunity cost of producing a crate of olives is 5 pounds of fish while Austria's opportunity cost of producing a crate of olives is 10 pounds of fish. By comparing the opportunity cost of producing olives in the two countries, you can tell thatSpain has a comparative advantage in the production of olives andAustria has a comparative advantage in the production of fish. Suppose that Spain and Austria consider trading olives and fish with each other. Spain can gain from specialization and trade as long as it receives more than5 pounds of fish for each crate of olives it exports to Austria. Similarly, Austria can gain from trade as long as it receives more than1/5 crate of olives for each pound of fish it exports to Spain. Based on your answer to the last question, which of the following prices of trade (that is, price of olives in terms of fish) would allow both Austria and Spain to gain from trade
12 pounds of fish per crate of olives
2 pounds of fish per crate of olives
9 pounds of fish per crate of olives
6 pounds of fish per crate of olives
Answer:
Spain has a comparative advantage in the production of olives and;
Austria has a comparative advantage in the production of fish
9 pounds of fish per crate of olives (being more favorable to Spain)
6 pounds of fish per crate of olives (being more favorable to Austria)
Explanation:
Spain renounce to 5 pounds of fish to produce olives while Austria to 10
threfore is much better in competitive term for Spain as the opportunity cost is lower
The opposite is true for Autria regarding fish production. is better producing that as renounce to less olives than Spain
Austria will sale above purchase olive for less than 10
while Spain will sale for more than 5
Given this requirement there are two options which allow for trade and generate gain for both countries.
In international trade involving Spain and Austria, the best price of trade, or 'exchange rate', that benefits both countries is '6 pounds of fish per crate of olives'. This accounts for both nations' opportunity costs while ensuring mutual benefits.
Explanation:Based on the given opportunity costs, Spain has a comparative advantage in producing olives and Austria has a comparative advantage in producing fish. The opportunity cost for Spain to produce one crate of olives is 5 pounds of fish while for Austria it is 10 pounds of fish.
For the trade to be beneficial to both countries, Spain needs to receive more than 5 pounds of fish for each crate of olives it exports to Austria. Similarly, Austria needs to receive more than 1/5 crate of olives for each pound of fish it exports to Spain. So, analyzing the four options, the price of trade that would benefit both countries is '6 pounds of fish per crate of olives'.
This is more than Spain’s opportunity cost of 5 pounds of fish but less than Austria’s opportunity cost of 10 pounds of fish, making it a beneficial trade scenario for both countries.
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The Play House's December 31, 2013, balance sheet showed net fixed assets of $1,238,000 and the December 31, 2014, balance sheet showed net fixed assets of $1,416,000. The company's 2014 income statement showed a depreciation expense of $214,600. What was the firm's net capital spending for 2014
Answer:
$392,600
Explanation:
Given that,
On December 31, 2013, balance sheet showed net fixed assets = $1,238,000
December 31, 2014, balance sheet showed net fixed assets = $1,416,000
Depreciation expense 2014 = $214,600
Firm's net capital spending for 2014:
= Net fixed assets on December 31, 2014 - Net fixed assets on December 31, 2013 + 2014 Depreciation expense
= $1,416,000 - $1,238,000 + $214,600
= $392,600
Therefore, the firm's net capital spending for 2014 is $392,600.
Manufacturer's Inc. estimates that its interest charges for this year will be $700 and that its net income will be $3,000. Assuming its average tax rate is 30 percent, what is the company's estimated times-interest-earned ratio?
Answer:
TIE = 4,985.71
Explanation:
[tex]TIE = \frac{EBIT}{interest \: expense}[/tex]
net income / (1 - tax-rate) = Earnings before taxes
3,000 / 0.7 = 4,285.71
Earnigns before taxes + interest = EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes)
4,285.71 + 700 = 4,985.71
Manufacturer's Inc company's estimated times-interest-earned ratio is 7 times, assuming its average tax rate is 30% and fixed interest charges are $700.
What is the Time-Interest-Earned ratio?The Times-interest-earned ratio is a valuable measure for determining a company's ability to repay the interest imposed on any sort of borrowing. A high ratio implies that the company's earnings are sufficient to repay its debt obligations.
Time-Interest-Earned ratio = [tex]\dfrac{\rm\,EBIT}{\rm\,Interest\,Charges}[/tex]
Given that the net income is $3,000 which includes the interest charges and tax expense deductions. So, to get Earnings before Interest and Taxes we have to add back interest charges and tax expenses.
[tex]\rm\,EBIT = \rm\,Net \,income + Interest\,Charges + Taxes= \$3,000 + \$700 + \$1286= \$ 4,986[/tex]
= [tex]\rm\,Times\, Interest\,Earned\,ratio =\\\\ \dfrac{\rm\,EBIT}{\rm\,Interest\,Charges}\\\\= \dfrac{\rm \$\,4,986}{\rm\$700}\\\\ = \rm\,7\,times[/tex]
Hence, the manufacturer's Inc company's estimated times-interest-earned ratio is 7 times.
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"Prepare a forecasted statement of cash flows for 2017 using the indirect method. Assume the following:• Operating expenses for 2017 (such as general and administrative) include depreciation and amor-tization expense of $522 million.• The company did not dispose of or write-down any long-term assets during the year.• The company paid dividends of $159 million in 2017."
Answer:
The question is not complete.As it is the practice cash flows statement is usually prepared from income statement and statement of financial position(balance sheet)
Find in the attached excel file the income statement and the balance sheet that complements the question as well as the requirement to prepare a cash flow statement
Explanation:
Note the closing cash and cash equivalents is $206m which equals the cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet.
Producer surplus is the difference between a. the market price and the minimum price a buyer is willing to pay b. the market price and the minimum price a seller is willing to accept. c. the maximum price a seller is willing to accept and the market price. d. the maximum price a buyer is willing to pay and the market price
Answer:
b. the market price and the minimum price a seller is willing to accept
Explanation:
The formula to find out the producer surplus is shown below:
Producer surplus = Market price - minimum price to sell the goods
It shows a difference between the market price and the minimum price for accepting the price
Let us take an example, the market price is $10 and the minimum price for accepting the price is $5
So, the producer surplus equal to
= $10 - $5
= $5
What is the present value of the following series of payments: $300 made at the end of every year starting in year 1 and ending in year 30 EXCEPT there will be no payment of any kind at the end of year 10? Interest is 7% annual rate compounded annually..
Answer:u are a wierdo mister
Explanation:u dont need brainly
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"Audits may be characterized as (a) financial statement audits, (b) compliance audits, or (c) operational audits"
Answer:
Audit is an independent examination of records,financial statements or process in order to give report to the party that has commissioned the audit
Explanation:
Audit can be of the three types highlighted in the question.
Audit of financial statements involves an external auditor examining the financial statements of clients i.e the income statement,statement of financial position.the cash flow statement as well statement of changes in equity e.t.c with a view to expressing an opinion on whether the financial statements show a true and fair view of the performance of the organisation audited and sometimes whether they were prepared in line with generally accepted accounting standards such as US GAAP.
Compliance audit is simply to find out whether the person audited has conformed with certain laid down policies and procedures such as the policies to follow in granting credit facilities to bank customers.
Process audit is about examining a process to see if the steps taken by the person carrying the tasks are logical and to find out areas for improvement in order to cut down time and resources used.
When a company views and organizes its marketing activities from only the consumer's point of view, it is practicing societal marketing. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
Soceital marketing is the concept that marketing should not only consider the consumer's need for satisfaction and the companie's goal of maximising profit, but also societie's long term goals.
Soceital marketing is concerned with companies identifying the wants and needs of particular target maket, and providing products in such a way that the target market is satisfied. The well-being of the consumer and society at large is enhanced.
As vice president of sales, you would like to send company personnel a good-news message about the company's first quarter sales results. Which of the following would be the best subject line for your message?a. Good Newsb. FYIc. Sales Figuresd. Firrst Quarter Sales exceed peojections
Answer:
d. First Quarter Sales exceed projections.
Explanation:
The message from the vice president sales should be formal and concise. It should convey the content of mail to the reader so that personnel that are reading it will have a summarised idea of what the mail is all about.
First Quarter Sales exceed projections - expresses this well. The content of the mail is the first quarter sales details and the fact that the company exceeded projections is also stated.
The other options Good News, FYI, and Sales Figures does not convey the content of the mail effectively.
The most effective subject line for a good-news message about first-quarter sales would be 'First Quarter Sales exceed projections'. This subject line is informative, attention-grabbing, and hints at the content of the message.
Explanation:The best subject line for your message would be 'First Quarter Sales exceed projections'. This option not only brings out the good news but also provides specific details about what the good news is. It captures the reader's attention immediately and induces them to read further to get more details of this positive news. For example, how much did the sales exceed the projections by, what contributed to this significant achievement, etc. This subject line gives direct information about the first quarter sales and that they have been better than expected, encouraging the reader to find out more about this success.
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Explain how each of the following transactions generates two entries—a credit and a debit—in the American balance of payments accounts, and describe how each entry would be classified: a. An American buys a share of German stock, paying by writing a check on an account with a Swiss bank. b. An American buys a share of German stock, paying the seller with a check on an American bank. c. The French government carries out an official foreign exchange intervention in which it uses dollars held in an American bank to buy French currency from its citizens. d. A tourist from Detroit buys a meal at an expensive restaurant in Lyons, France, paying with a traveler's check. e. A California winegrower contributes a case of cabernet sauvignon for a London wine tasting. f. A U.S.-owned factory in Britain uses local earnings to buy additional machinery.
The balance of payments records transactions including credit and debit entries for various international exchanges involving services, goods, financial instruments, and unilateral transfers. These transactions illustrate economic activities that impact the trade balance, current account, and financial accounts, demonstrating the complexity of international finance.
Explanation:The balance of payments is a record of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest of the world over a specific period. Each transaction results in a credit and a debit in the balance of payments accounts. Here's how the given transactions generate entries in the American balance of payments accounts:
An American buys a share of German stock, paying by writing a check on an account with a Swiss bank: Debit in the financial account (capital outflow as the payment goes out), and credit in the balance of payments (a reduction in U.S. liabilities, as the Swiss bank account is debited).An American buys a share of German stock, paying the seller with a check on an American bank: Debit in the financial account (capital outflow to Germany), and credit in the U.S. bank liabilities (as the bank's assets are reduced).The French government carries out an official foreign exchange intervention using dollars held in an American bank to buy French currency: Debit in the reserve assets of the U.S. (use of U.S. currency reserves), and credit in the financial account (decrease in foreign holdings of the dollar).A tourist from Detroit pays for a meal in France with a traveler's check: Debit in the current account (service import - the meal), and credit in the financial account (decrease in foreign liability as the traveler's check is used).A California winegrower donates wine for a London tasting: Debit in the current account (goods export without a financial counterentry, is treated as a gift), and credit in unilateral transfers (as it is a gift to the U.K.).A U.S.-owned factory in Britain uses local earnings to buy additional machinery: Debit in the financial account (investment abroad), and credit in the firm's reinvestment (earnings not repatriated).These transactions reflect economic activities that affect the trade balance, the current account, and financial accounts differently, showing the intricacies of international financial flows.
The balance of payments accounts record all economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world over a specific period.
These transactions are categorized into two main accounts: the current account, which includes trade in goods and services, income receipts and payments, and unilateral transfers; and the capital account, which includes capital transfers and the acquisition and disposal of non-produced, non-financial assets. Each transaction has two entries: a credit (an increase in foreign exchange receipts or a decrease in payments) and a debit (an increase in foreign exchange payments or a decrease in receipts).
a. An American buys a share of German stock, paying by writing a check on an account with a Swiss bank.
- Credit: The purchase of foreign stock is a capital outflow and is recorded as a debit in the capital account.
- Debit: The payment for the stock from a Swiss bank account is a financial outflow and is recorded as a credit in the financial account.
b. An American buys a share of German stock, paying the seller with a check on an American bank.
- Credit: This is also a capital outflow (debit in the capital account) as in (a).
- Debit: The payment from an American bank account does not affect the foreign exchange position and is not recorded in the balance of payments.
c. The French government carries out an official foreign exchange intervention in which it uses dollars held in an American bank to buy French currency from its citizens.
- Credit: The French government's purchase of its own currency using dollars is a reserve asset (an increase in official reserve assets is a credit in the financial account).
- Debit: The dollars used in the transaction are a decrease in liabilities to foreign official institutions and are recorded as a debit in the financial account.
d. A tourist from Detroit buys a meal at an expensive restaurant in Lyons, France, paying with a traveler's check.
- Credit: The purchase of a service (meal) by a foreigner in the home country is an export of services (credit in the current account).
- Debit: The payment for the meal with a traveler's check is a decrease in foreign exchange reserves or an increase in liabilities and is recorded as a debit in the financial account.
e. A California winegrower contributes a case of cabernet sauvignon for a London wine tasting.
- Credit: The contribution of wine is considered an export of goods (credit in the current account).
- Debit: There is no direct payment, but the value of the wine is recorded as a debit in the current account, offsetting the credit for the export.
f. A U.S.-owned factory in Britain uses local earnings to buy additional machinery.
- Credit: The purchase of machinery by a foreign subsidiary using local earnings is a direct investment (credit in the financial account).
- Debit: The expenditure on machinery is also a direct investment (debit in the financial account), but since it is financed with local earnings, it does not affect the balance of payments.
In summary, each transaction involves both a credit and a debit entry in the balance of payments, and these entries are classified according to the nature of the transaction, whether it affects the current account, capital account, or financial account.
Marketing of the cochlear device was hampered by concerns about Select one: a. government funding b. safety and efficacy. c. safety d. weight
Answer: The correct answer is b) safety and efficacy.
Explanation:
A cochlear implant is a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to a person who has lost hearing.
Although improvement to hearing have been recorded over time but it does not negate the fact that cochlear implant is a life long commitment. As such, the safety and efficacy of the device is a concern.
In appellate procedures, each party files a(n) _____ that contains a short description of a case, a factual summary, legal points and authorities, and arguments for reversing or affirming a lower court decision.
a. affidavit
b. caucus
c. brief
d. deposition
e. motion
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "C": brief.
Explanation:
An appellant's brief is a legal document one of the parties of a trial may submit to change the decision taken by a Court. Just like its name indicates, it is a summarized statement used by the appellant to expose the reason why they believe the decision concluded by the Court is incorrect.
The correct answer is (c) Brief. In appellate procedures, each party files a brief that contains a short summary and legal points and arguments for either reversing or affirming a lower court's decision.
Explanation:In appellate procedures, each party submits a brief. This document contains a short description of the case, a factual summary, legal points and authorities, and arguments for reversing or affirming a lower court decision. The option (c) 'brief' is correct. An affidavit (option a) is a sworn written statement of fact, while a caucus (option b) is a meeting of party members. A deposition (option d) refers to the formal statement of a witness, and a motion (option e) is a procedural step taken to decide an issue in a lawsuit.
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Assume that Japan and Korea each has 2400 hours available. Originally, each country divided its time equally between the production of cars and airplanes. Now, each country spends all its time producing the good in which it has a comparative advantage. As a result, the total output of cars increased by a. 80. b. 40. c. 16. d. 64.
Answer: The answer is b
Explanation:
Since 60minutes = 1 hour
2400 ÷ 60
= 40
The total output of cars increased by 40
The law of comparative advantage states that a country will specialise in producing commodities in which the country has greatest comparative advantage. Therefore a country will produce for export those commodities she can produce cheaply than other countries.
Final answer:
This economic question explores the concept of comparative advantage in the production of cars and airplanes after reallocating resources. An increase in output is expected, but a specific answer cannot be provided without productivity rates.
Explanation:
The question deals with the economic concept of comparative advantage, a core idea in international trade theory. Countries with equal hours available for production allocate their time to produce cars and airplanes based on their comparative advantages. Once both Japan and Korea shift to exclusively producing the good for which they have a comparative advantage, we expect an increase in total output for these goods. Without specific productivity rates provided for car and airplane production in both countries, the exact numerical answer can't be determined from the given information.
Pace's regular wage rate is $13.78 per hour, and the regular workweek is 40 hours with five 8-hour days. Compute the following:
a. The hours worked each day. (Ignore the one-minute tardiness on Friday.) Enter any fraction of an hour as a decimal. For example 1 1/2 hours would be entered as 1.5. Monday 8 hours Tuesday 10 hours Wednesday 8 hours Thursday 10.5 hours Friday 9.5 hours Saturday 4 hours Sunday 4 hours
b. The total hours worked 54 hours
For (c)-(e), round overtime rate to two decimal places and round your answers to the nearest cent. Use the rounded amounts in subsequent computations.
c. The regular earnings $ 551.2
d. The overtime earnings $
e. The total earnings $ i cant find the last two.
Answer:
(a) 40 hours (b)54hours (c) $551.2 (d) $62.01 (e) $744.12
Explanation:
(a)To calculate hours worked each day, since the regular work week is 40 hours with five 8 hours day
= Monday to Friday 8 hours
= 8 × 5
= 40 hours
(b) To calculate the total hours worked , we will first convert to 24 hour clock, then subtract the starting time from ending time to obtain the total hours
Monday = 8 am - 4pm ( 16 - 8) = 8hours
Tuesday = 8am - 6pm ( 18 - 8) = 10 hours
Wednesday = 8am -4pm (16 - 8)= 8hours
Thursday = 8.30 am - 6pm (18.5 - 8) = 10.5 hours
Friday = 8am - 4.30pm ( 18 - 8.5) = 9.5 hours
Saturday = 8am - 12pm (18 - 14) = 4 hours
Sunday = 8am -12pm (18 - 14)= 4hours
Total hours worked = 8 + 10 + 8 + 10.5 + 9.5 + 4 + 4
= 54hours
(c) To calculate the regular earning
Hours worked × regular wage rate
= 40 × 13.78
= $551.2
(d) To calculate the overtime earning
Overtime is used to be paid at rate of time and a half, since overtime occurs on the following days
Tuesday = 10 hours(8 .5 - 10) = 1.5
Thursday = 10.5 hours (8.5 - 10.5) = 2.0
Friday = 9.5 hours (8.5 - 9.5) = 1.0
Overtime hour × regular wage rate
Tuesday = 1.5 × 13.78 = $20.67
Thursday = 2.0 × 13.78 = $27.56
Friday = 1.0 × 13.78 = $13.78
Total overtime earning = 20.67 + 27.56 + 13.78
=$62.01
(e) The total earning
= hours worked × Total hours worked per week
= 54 × 13.78
=$744.12
Sharon Jones is single. During 2019, she had a gross income of $159,800, deductions for AGI of $5,500, itemized deductions of $14,000 and tax credits of $2,000. Sharon had $22,000 withheld by their employer for federal income tax.
She has a tax ______ (due/refund) of $______ .
To determine if Sharon Jones owes taxes or will receive a refund for 2019, her gross income is adjusted by deducting the deductions for AGI and her itemized deductions. The final tax liability is then compared with her withholdings to ascertain the outcome. Without exact tax rates, a specific amount cannot be given, but this provides the method for calculation.
Explanation:To determine whether Sharon Jones has a tax due or a refund for the tax year 2019, we must first calculate her taxable income and then apply the appropriate tax rates and credits. We start with her gross income of $159,800 and subtract the deductions for AGI ($5,500) and her itemized deductions ($14,000), since the question indicates she itemizes her deductions rather than taking the standard deduction. It's important to note that without the specific tax brackets and rates for 2019, an exact tax liability cannot be calculated in this response. However, the method involves subtracting deductions from the gross income to find the taxable income, then applying the tax rates to this amount, subtracting tax credits, and finally comparing the tax liability with the amount withheld ($22,000) to determine if a refund is due or additional tax is owed.
The general formula to estimate tax owed or refund is:
Taxable Income = Gross Income - Deductions for AGI - Itemized (or Standard) Deductions
Then, calculate the tax on this taxable income, subtract the credits, and finally compare the result with the amount withheld. If the withholding is more than the calculated tax after credits, Sharon would receive a refund. If the withholding is less, she would owe additional tax.
1. Determine the total dividends and the per-share dividends declared on each class of stock for each of the six years. There were no dividends in arrears at the beginning of Year 1. Summarize the data in tabular form. If required, round your answers to two decimal places. If the amount is zero, please enter "0".
Answer:
Explanation:
1. determine are the total dividend and the per-share dividends declared on each class of stock for each of the six years as follow:
Particulars Preferred Dividends Common Dividends
Year Total Dividends Total Per Share Total Per Share
Year 1 $80,000 80000 0.32 0 0
Year 2 $90,000 90000 0.36 0 0
Year 3 $150,000 130000 0.52 20000 0.04
Year 4 $150,000 100000 0.4 50000 0.1
Year 5 $160,000 100000 0.4 60000 0.12
Year 6 $180,000 100000 0.4 80000 0.16
Total (a) 810000 600000 2.4 210000 0.42
Average (a/6 years) 0.4 0.07
2. Average annual dividend for preferred share is $0.40 per share and average annual dividend for common share is $0.07 per share.
3. The average annual percentage return on initial shareholders for preferred shareholder and common shareholders are 0.4% ($0.07/$17.50 x 100) and 1.6% ( $0.40/$25 x 100).
When Alex's income increased from $2,000 to $4,000, he increased his consumption of bagels from 6 to 10 a month and decreased his consumption of donuts from 15 to 9 a month. Calculate Alex's income elasticity of demand for bagels and donuts.
The Income Elasticity of Demand for bagels is 0.67, meaning Alex's consumption of bagels increases with income. On the other hand, the Income Elasticity of Demand for donuts is -0.4, indicating that as Alex's income increases, his consumption of donuts decreases.
Explanation:The subject of this question is the calculation of the Income Elasticity of Demand for bagels and donuts based on changes in Alex's income. The Income Elasticity of Demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded for a good as a result of a change in income.
Now, let's calculate the Income Elasticity of Demand. The formula is: Income Elasticity of Demand = (% change in Quantity Demanded) / (% change in Income)
For bagels: Income Elasticity of Demand = ((10-6)/6) / ((4000-2000)/2000). That equals 0.67. Alex's consumption of bagels is income elastic because the Income Elasticity of Demand is greater than zero, meaning that as his income increases, he consumes more bagels.
For donuts: Income Elasticity of Demand = ((9-15)/15) / ((4000-2000)/2000) = -0.4. Alex's consumption of donuts is income inelastic because the Income Elasticity of Demand is less than zero, indicating that as his income increases, he consumes fewer donuts.
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Match the following characteristic with the relevant project team organizational structures. A project manager leads personnel from different functional areas. Select one: a. Functional project b. Matrix project c. Pure project
Answer:
The correct answer is b. Matrix Project.
Explanation:
The correct answer to this question is matrix project. When project manager utilizes the skills and expertise of personnel from different functional areas within the organization, this is referred to as Matrix project. The different functional areas can include marketing, HR, Finance, Supply chain and others.
Which of the following is a positive economic statement? A. Foreign citizens should not be allowed to work without a work visa. B. Due to a decrease in state funding, university tuition has risen. C. People should use public transportation more often. D. The government should ban diesel engines in automobiles.
Answer:
B. Due to a decrease in state funding, university tuition has risen
Explanation:
Positive economic statement - it is referred to as the statement that can be tested, validated on the basis of available evidence. A positive statement is used to explain different economic phenomena. The positive economic statement is totally based on fact while the normative statement is based on the value of judgment.
In the given question the correction option is B. This option describes the economic phenomena.
suppose the quarterly (90-day) interest rate in the us is 2.5% and it is 4% in canada. if the $/cd spot exchange rate is $0.80/cd and the 90-day forward exchange rate between us and canadian dollars is $0.79/cd , does the interest rate parity (irp) hold? why or why not? if it does not hold, what is the direction of the capital flow?
Answer:
interest rate parity
(0.8/1) * (1.4*3/12)/(1.25*3/12) = 0.8
Hence It is proved that interest rate parity does not hold because the vale of forward contract is $0.79/CD.
On January 3, 2009, Acme Corp. owned a machine that had cost $300,000. The accumulated depreciation was $180,000, estimated salvage value was $18,000, and fair market value was $480,000. On January 4, 2009, this machine was irreparably damaged by Reed Corp. and became worthless. In October 2009, a court awarded damages of $480,000 against Reed in favor of Acme. At December 31, 2009, the final outcome of this case was awaiting appeal and was, therefore, uncertain. However, in the opinion of Acme's attorney, Reed's appeal will be denied. As of December 31, 2009, do we have a loss contingency, a gain contingency, or both? How should this be accounted for in the financial statements? Be sure to use the requirements of Codification Section 450 (FASB 5) to explain your answer.
Answer:
ASC 450-Accounting Standards codification (FASB 5) provides rules for acceptable accounting practices in relation to both loss and gain contingencies.
GAIN CONTINGENCY, but not loss contingency, is a matter of importance in the given cases. In the event of a favorable judgment on Acme, $480000 will be received which will be considered revenue because the total loss due to damage to the machinery has already been deducted from revenue on the basis of USGAAP.
LOSS CONTINGENCY is not the case. Because there is no damage or loss to REED and, in the event of an unfavorable outcome, Acme is not expected to pay for any damages, except for possible legal fees. In the case of an appeal brought by the opponent, the possibility of claiming legal expenses is very remote.
Following two point are important in deciding the application of the FASB 5
1. Acme had won the case in the lower court.
2. Amount of gain is quantifiable in the event of a favorable outcome.
As provided in the FASB 5, recognisation of such gain in financial statements leads to recognisation of future income and it is against the prudence concept of accountancy.
In view of all the issues, management is advised to disclose the amount of potential gain, but does not include income statement.
The operations manager for the Blue Moon Brewing Co. produces two beers: Lite (L) and Dark (D). He can only get 675 gallons of malt extract per day for brewing and his brewing hours are limited to 8 hours per day. To produce a keg of Lite beer requires 2 minutes of time and 5 gallons of malt extract. Each keg of Dark beer needs 4 minutes of time and 3 gallons of malt extract. Profits for Lite beer are $3.00 per keg and profits for Dark beer are $2.00 per keg. The breweryâs goal is to maximize profits.
1. What is the time constraints?
Answer:
2L + 4D = 480 {L = Lite Bear, D = Dark Bear, 480 = minutes in 8 hours}
Explanation:
The function to be maximised :
Profit Function = Price x Quantity (of Lite & Dark Bears) = 3L + 2D ; where-
L = Lite Bear, D = Dark Bear
Constraint 1 [Time Constraint] :- 2L + 4D = 480 ; where-
L = Lite Bear, D = Dark Bear, 480 = minutes in 8 hours
2 = minutes required per unit Lite Bear, 4 = minutes required per unit Lite Bear, 480 = minutes in total 8 hours (8x60) {∵1hr = 60mins}
Similarly, Constraint 2 [Malt Extract Constraint] :- 5L + 3D = 675
The time constraints for the Blue Moon Brewing Co.'s brewing operations are set at 480 minutes or 8 hours per day. Lite beer requires 2 minutes per keg and Dark beer needs 4 minutes per keg.
Explanation:The time constraint in this case is determined by the available brewing hours and the amount of time it takes to produce each type of beer. From the given, the operations manager of Blue Moon Brewing Co. has 8 hours per day for brewing beer. Converted to minutes, this equals 480 minutes (8 hours x 60 minutes/hour). To produce a keg of Lite beer requires 2 minutes and each keg of Dark beer takes 4 minutes. Therefore, to maximize profits the brewing should not exceed 480 minutes per day using the optimal combination of brewing Lite and Dark beer.
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At the beginning of the video, Priya ends her presentation by asking her colleagues to imagine "a world where you never have to wait in line for your groceries again!" What stage of Lewin’s Change Model is Priya exhibiting?
Kurt Lewin developed a change model that talks about creating a perception in the mind of the people that a change is needed,then taking adequate steps to bring about that change and then standardizing the new mindset .
Explanation:
Priya is exhibiting the First stage (Unfreezing)of Kurt Lewin change model.
There are three stages of Kurt Lewin Model:
Unfreezing:This stage talks about changing the mindset of the people by helping them understand why change is requiredChanging:Taking appropriate steps to bring about the change.In this stage people resist the change because they are in a state of confusion and are very unsure about the change.Freezing:This stage involves freezing the changes that have taken place.A stage where the changes have been standardizedIn the Beginning of the video Priya is talking about bringing the change ,by asking the colleagues to imagine "a world where you never have to wait in line for your groceries again!"
Splish Magazine sold 11,520 annual subscriptions on August 1, 2020, for $17 each. Prepare Splish August 1, 2020, journal entry and the December 31, 2020, annual adjusting entry, assuming the magazines are published and delivered monthly. (If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem.)
Answer:
Date August 1st
cash 195,840 debit
unearned revenue 195,840 credit
--to record the subcription sale on August 1st--
Date December 31th
unearned revenue 81,600 debit
subscription revenue 81,600 credit
--to record accrued revenue at Dec 31th--
Explanation:
11,520 magazine subscriptions x $ 17 = $ 195,840
The subcription wil lbe unearned revenue at sale and reveneu will be recognize overtime as the earnings are accrued.
accrued from August 1 to Dec 20: 5 months
$ 195,840 x 5 months / 12 months = $ 81,600
Sinclair Pharmaceuticals, a small drug company, develops a vaccine that will protect against Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria that is the cause of a number of diseases of the stomach. It is expected that Sinclair Pharmaceuticals will experience extremely high growth over the next three years and will reinvest all of its earnings in expanding the company over this time. Earnings were $ 1.15 per share before the development of the vaccine and are expected to grow by 40% per year for the next three years. After this time, it is expected growth will drop to 3 % and stay there for the expected future. Four years from now Sinclair will pay dividends that are 75% of its earnings.
Required:
1. If its equity cost of capital is 12 %, what is the value of a share of Sinclair Pharmaceuticals today?
Answer:
The share at the current year will be worth $ 17.23
Explanation:
We solve for the earnins in four years:
[tex]1.15 \times (1+0.4)^3(1+0.03)^1=FV[/tex]
Earnigns at 4th year: 3.250268
We pay 75% which is: 3.25 x 75% = 2.44
Now we use the gordonal model:
[tex]\frac{Dividends}{return - grow}[/tex]
2.44 / (0.12 - 0.03) = 2.44/0.09 = 27.11
Last, we discount this as it is 4 years into the future.
[tex]\frac{Maturity}{(1 + rate)^{time} } = PV[/tex]
Maturity $27.1100
time 4.00
rate 0.12000
[tex]\frac{27.11}{(1 + 0.12)^{4} } = PV[/tex]
PV 17.2289
The value of a Sinclair Pharmaceuticals share today can be calculated using a combination of the Dividend Discount Model and the Gordon Growth Model, taking into account the high growth over the next three years followed by a steady growth, and also the company's decision to start pay dividends after 4 years.
Explanation:The value of a share for Sinclair Pharmaceuticals today can be calculated using the Dividend Discount Model (DDM). The DDM is a method of valuing a company's stock by using predicted dividends and discounting them back to present value. First, we need to calculate the expected earnings for the first three years when the annual growth is 40%, and then for the years after that when the annual growth is 3%.
Since Sinclair will not pay dividends for the first three years, and all earnings will be reinvested, dividends will start at year 4. The dividend in year 4 will be 75% of the earnings in that year. This dividend can then be discounted back to present value using the 12% equity cost of capital.
The value of the Sinclair Pharmaceuticals shares after year 3 can be calculated by using the Gordon Growth Model, which is a version of the DDM that assumes a constant rate of dividend growth. The present value of these future dividends can then be calculated using the 12% equity cost of capital.
The total value of a Sinclair Pharmaceuticals share today is then the sum of the present value of the dividends for year 4 and the present value of the dividends from year 5 and onwards.
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Broward Manufacturing recently reported the following information: Net income $365,000 ROA 7% Interest expense $127,750 Accounts payable and accruals $1,050,000 Broward's tax rate is 40%. Broward finances with only debt and common equity, so it has no preferred stock. 40% of its total invested capital is debt, while 60% of its total invested capital is common equity. Calculate its basic earning power (BEP), its return on equity (ROE), and its return on invested capital (ROIC). Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places.
Answer:
BEP = 14.11%
ROE = 14.6%
ROIC = 10.60%
Explanation:
Calculate its basic earning power (BEP)
The formula for BEP is
BEP = EBIT / Total Assets
To find Total Assets, we can use the ROA formula:
ROA = Net Income / Total Assets
7% = $365,000 / Total Assets
Total Assets = $365,000 / 7%
= $5,214,285.714
Now, we must find the EBIT, which means Earnigns Before Interest and Taxes.
We have a net income of $365,000. The tax rate is 40%. We solve the following formula to find the tax expense:
Tax Expense = $365,000 / ((1 - 40%) / 40%)
= $243,333.333
Now, we add the net income, the tax expense that we found above, and the interest expense:
EBIT = $365,000 + $243,333.333 + $127,750
= $736,083.333
Finally we can find the BEP:
BEP = $736,083.333 / $5,214,285.714
= 0.1411
= 14.11%
2) To find the return on equity, we must first find the common equity
Total Invested Capital = Total Assets - Accounts Payable and Accruals
= $5,214,285.714 - $1,050,000
= $4,164,285.714
Common Equity = Total Invested Capital x 60%
= $4,164,285.714 x 60%
= $2,498,571.428
Now we can solve for ROE
ROE = Net Income / Common Equity
= $365,000 / $2,498,571.428
= 0.1460
= 14.6%
3) To find the return on invested capital, we use this formula:
ROIC = EBIT(1 - T) / Total Invested Capital
= $736,083.333 (1 - 40%) / $4,164,285.714
= 0.1060
= 10.60%
Answer:(1) BEP = 0.12 (2) ROE = 0.09 (3) ROIC = 0.08
Explanation:
Since we are given 7% as ROA
Therefore to calculate total Asset
= Net income / ROA
= 365,000/ 0.07
= $5,214,285.71
To calculate tax expense
= Tax rate × Net income
= 40% × 365,000
= 0.4 × 365,000
= $146,000
EBIT = Net income + Tax expense + interest expense
= 365,000 + 146,000 + 127,750
=$638,750
BEP = EBIT/ Total Assets
= 638,750/5,214,285.17
=0.12
To calculate ROE
ROE = Net income / Shareholders Equity
To calculate shareholders Equity
=Total capital invested = Total Asset - Account payable
= 5,214,285.17 - 1,050,000
= $4,164,285.71
Common Equity = 4,164,285.71 × 60%
= $2,498,571.42
Debt = 4,164,285.71 × 40%
= 1,665,714.06
Shareholders Equity = Common Equity + Debt
= 2,498,571.42 + 1,665,714.06
=$4,164,285.48
ROE = Net income / Shareholders Equity
= 365,000/4,164,285.48
= 0.09
To calculate Return on invested capital
ROIC = Net income / Total invested capital
= 365,000/ 4,164,285.71
=0.08
E15-7 (L02) (Effect of Treasury Stock Transactions on Financials) Joe Dumars Company has outstanding 40,000 shares of $5 par common stock which had been issued at $30 per share. Joe Dumars then entered into the following transactions. 1. Purchased 5,000 treasury shares at $45 per share. 2. Resold 2,000 of the treasury shares at $49 per share. 3. Resold 500 of the treasury shares at $40 per share. Instructions Use the following code to indicate the effect each of the three transactions has on the financial statement categories listed in the table below, assuming Joe Dumars Company uses the cost method (I = Increase; D = Decrease; NE = No effect).
Answer:
1) decrease of equity:
2) increase of equity
3) increase of equity
Explanation:
1) the treasury stock decrase the equity outstanding
5,000 shares x $45 = $225,000
2) when we sale the sales our equity increase:
2,000 x 49 = 98,000
cost 2,000 x 45 = 90,000
we reocgnize an additional paid-in treasury stock for 8,000
as we cannot recognize a gain from selling our own shares
3) 500 x 40 = 20,000
cost 500 x 45 = 22,500
we decrease the addtional paid-in for 2,500 as we sale at "loss"
The treasury transactions include a purchase of shares, which reduces cash and increases treasury stock, and sales of shares, which increase cash and may affect additional paid-in capital and/or retained earnings depending on the sale price relative to the cost.
Explanation:To determine the effect of treasury stock transactions on a company's financial statements using the cost method, we need to analyze each of the given transactions separately.
Purchasing treasury shares: When Joe Dumars Company bought back 5,000 shares at $45 per share, the effect would be an increase in treasury stock (a contra equity account) and a decrease in cash on the balance sheet. No effect on the income statement since this is a balance sheet transaction.Reselling treasury shares at a higher price: Upon reselling 2,000 treasury shares at $49 per share, the company sees a decrease in treasury stock and an increase in cash. Additionally, since the shares are being sold for more than they were bought for, there is an increase in additional paid-in capital (equity), assuming any excess over cost is credited here.Reselling treasury shares at a lower price: When 500 treasury shares are sold at $40 per share, which is less than the cost, there is again a decrease in treasury stock and an increase in cash. The loss on sale below cost would be recognized by a decrease in additional paid-in capital to the extent of any credit balance in the account, and then a decrease in retained earnings.An RR sold shares of new stock issue of ABC Corp. to a customer at $20 per share. After a week, ABC is selling at $10. The RR offers to buy the shares from the customer at $20. Which is correct?
Answer:
It is a violation of NASD rules against guaranteeing a customer against loss.
Explanation:
In this case the RR is guaranteeing the customer against loss. The customer initially bought the shares for $20 the new price is $10. The RR now coming in to buy the shares above market value is a way to guarantee the customer against loss, and its a NASD violation.