Page(s) 80-81 Understand text setting. In organum, the lower voice moves slowly, and its pitches are from a chant. The composer adds the upper voices. What best describes the text setting of the upper voices? The upper voices sing –.

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane occurs by diffusion, active or passive transport.

Explanation:

Cell membrane are specifically penetrable, controlling which substances can go through, just as the amount of every substance can enter or exit at a given time. Specific permeability is fundamental to cells' capacity to get supplements, take out wastes, and keep up a steady inside condition unique in relation to that of the environment (homeostasis). Passive transport doesn't require the cell to consume any ATP and includes a substance diffusing down its concentration gradient across its membrane. In active transport, molecules cross the membrane using ATP.

Answer:

Some people call them shooting stars. Those meteors are burning up in the mesosphere. The meteors make it through the exosphere and thermosphere without much trouble because those layers don't have much air. But when they hit the mesosphere, there are enough gases to cause friction and create heat.

In the mesosphere layer of the atmosphere, this shooting star occurs.

A capturing famous person is sincerely a small piece of rock or dust that hits Earth's atmosphere from the area. It moves so fast that it heats up and glows as it moves thru the surroundings. taking pictures of stars is absolutely what astronomers name meteors. maximum meteors deplete inside the atmosphere earlier than they reach the floor.

The mesosphere's ecosystem is low density and made of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. even though a maximum of the meteors that reach the mesosphere are burned up, some of their fabric hangs round afterward, along with iron and other steel atoms.

Temperature decreases with height for the duration of the mesosphere. The coldest temperatures in Earth's surroundings, approximately -ninety° C. are found near the top of this sediment. The boundary among the mesosphere and the thermosphere is referred to as the mesopause.

The mesosphere could be very essential for earth's protection. The mesosphere burns up most meteors and asteroids earlier than they may be capable of attain the earth's floor

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Answer:

Option 3. cohesion transpiration is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Plants release water through transpiration while cohesion is responsible for moving more water throughout the xylem. When the water evaporate through the stomata, more water is pulled from roots into stem and eventually reach the leaf this process is called transpiration-cohesion theory.  (More explanation in attached Picture)

Answer: Option B) Amplifies specific DNA sequences.

Explanation:

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) refers to the selective and repetitive duplication of a specific DNA sequence. It involves the following: heat, an enzyme called thermos aquaticus and annealing.

Answer:

a. stevens hydroxyapatite combination is less than roger's

b. roger's skeleton undergoes less osteolysis than steven's

c. roger's osteoblasts are more active than steven's

Explanation:

The hydroxyapatite combination includes the minerals of the apatite group like calcium apatite. As the exercise enhances the bone stability and prevents it's deformity thus the hydroxyapatite or mineral density is expected to be higher in Roger than Stevens.

The osteolysis is the pathological destruction of the bone tissues. As Roger does regular exercise he is expected to have achieved more immunity over Stevens. Thus Roger is prevented from oesteolysis.

The osteoblasts are the cells that secrete matrix for bone synthesis as the exercise is responsible for strengthening the bone the osteoblasts in person who do regular exercise are expected to be more active. Thus Roger's osteoblasts are more active then Steven's.

Final answer:

Roger's regular weight-lifting likely results in more active osteoblasts compared to his sedentary twin Steven, which would contribute to a denser and stronger skeleton. This is consistent with the understanding that resistance training increases bone density and strength.

Explanation:

The question concerns the impact of physical activity on skeletal health. When comparing Roger, who lifts weights regularly, to his twin brother Steven, who is not as active, one can hypothesize that Roger's osteoblasts are more active due to the stimulus provided by regular resistance training. This increased activity promotes the deposition of bone tissue, which can lead to a denser and stronger skeleton in Roger compared to Steven.

Therefore, the most reasonable hypothesis from the given options is c. Roger's osteoblasts are more active than Steven's. This is consistent with the idea that regular weight-bearing exercise, like lifting weights, stimulates bone growth and density, a process that is less pronounced in sedentary individuals.

Furthermore, consistent with the hypotheses presented, a right-handed pitcher and a right-handed cyclist will likely have thicker bones in their dominant arm and leg respectively, and a broken bone typically heals to be thicker. In contrast, bedridden patients may experience bone thinning due to lack of activity.

Answer: fMRI

Explanation:

fMRI stands for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It is an imaging scan that helps to evaluate the activities of the brain through changes that occurs in line with the flow of blood, and this is because there is a connection between neuronal activation and blood flow in the cerebral. It must be noted that the rate of blood flow in a particular area of the brain increase when such part is under use.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The thoracic spine is the second segment of the vertebral column, located between the cervical and lumbar vertebral segments. It consists of twelve vertebrae, which are separated by intervertebral discs.

Along with the sternum and ribs, the thoracic spine forms part of the thoracic cage. This bony structure helps protect the internal viscera – such as the heart, lungs and oesophagus.

This article will look at the osteology of the thoracic vertebrae, examining their characteristic features, joints and clinical correlations.

Answer:

Manatees' arm and finger bones are evidence that manatees share a common ancestor with land mammals.

Explanation:

Manatees were aquatic mammals while humans are mainly land mammals. However, the presence of body parts or organs having similar structures in manatees and humans suggests that these two species of mammals shared a common ancestor. The arms and finger bones were also present in their common ancestors.

Humans and manatees diverged into different directions to become adapted to terrestrial and aquatic lifestyle respectively. Therefore, the forelimbs developed into flippers in manatees while the same do the function of holding objects in humans. These are called homologous structures.

The correct conclusion that Wallace drew from observing the similarity between the bones in manatee flippers and the bones in a human arm and hand is that manatees' arm and finger bones are evidence that manatees share a common ancestor with land mammals.

The observation of similar bone structures in the flippers of manatees and the arms and hands of humans suggests that these two species have a common evolutionary origin. This is consistent with the theory of evolution, which posits that species evolve over time and that similarities in anatomy can be attributed to shared ancestry. The presence of bones that correspond to fingers within the manatee's flippers indicates that their ancestors may have had limbs adapted for life on land, which over time have been modified to suit an aquatic lifestyle. This kind of structural homology is often used as evidence for the process of natural selection and the descent of species from common ancestors.

The other options provided do not align as closely with the evidence from the observed similarities:

- Manatee finger bones must have an important function, necessary for the animal’s survival: While this statement may be true, it does not directly address the evolutionary implications of the bone structure similarities.

- Manatees were specially created in their current form, including the arm and finger bones inside their flippers: This conclusion aligns with creationist views rather than scientific evidence of evolution.

- Manatees use their flippers like humans use their hands: This statement is not necessarily true and does not explain the reason for the bone structure similarities from an evolutionary perspective.

Therefore, the most scientifically supported conclusion is that the similar bones in manatee flippers and human arms and hands are evidence of a common ancestor, reflecting the process of evolutionary adaptation and divergence from a shared lineage.

Explanation:

Muscle tissue is metabolically more dynamic and burn a larger number of calories than fat tissue. The more muscles you have, the greater your resting energy expenditure, which implies that your body burns more calories while sitting idle

Answer:

Hormonal Imbalances generated by irregular stimulus or impulses of brain

Explanation:

According to the recent research, most of the patients with serious psychological disorders have severe imbalances of hormones in their body. Most of them also have a history of trauma to head and spine. When a part of brain gets damaged, it may become dead (under-active) or may become overactive and hormonal instability have serious psychological complications.

The biological perspective suggests psychological disorders are rooted in biological phenomena such as neurotransmitter imbalances and genetic factors. The bio-psycho-social model complements this by considering psychological stressors and social factors in the development of mental illnesses, highlighting an integrated approach to understanding and treating these conditions.

The biological theorist's approach to studying psychological disorders through brain structure interconnectivity aligns with current beliefs in the biological perspective of psychological disorders. This perspective posits that conditions like depression and schizophrenia are associated with neurotransmitter imbalances and genetic factors, along with abnormalities in brain structure and function. This emphasizes the importance of biological bases in understanding psychological disorders. Furthermore, the bio-psycho-social model complements this by suggesting an integrated approach, acknowledging that while biological factors set the stage for disorders, psychological stressors and social factors also play vital roles in triggering and shaping these conditions. This comprehensive model encompasses genetic predispositions, stress responses, negative thinking patterns, hormones, neurotransmitter function, and sociocultural influences, thereby providing a more holistic understanding of mental illness.

To cite an example, schizophrenia's etiology includes genetic vulnerability paired with environmental and psychosocial stresses. Other mood and anxiety disorders also arise from a complex interplay between biological predispositions such as hormones, individual thought processes, and social interactions. Thus, the bio-psycho-social model serves as a framework for assessing the causes and treatments of disorders, illustrating the intricate network of factors that contribute to mental health conditions.

Semidiurnal tides occur when a coastline on Earth experiences two high and two low tides of about the same height each day.

Explanation:

If  the earth did not have continental, then the predominantly tides would be diurnal tides. This means there would be one high and low tide at a point in the ocean. However, the presence of continents causes the tides to vary across coastal regions of different continents -mixed. This is because the ocean waters are not free-flowing with the moon’s and sun’s gravitational pull. The blockage by continentals to this flow causes mixed diurnal and mixed semi-diurnal tides. Mixed semi-diurnal tides have two high and low tides of unequal amplitudes on a lunar day.

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Answer:

D. Semidiurnal tides

Explanation:

Answer:

Option A, a drug to treat high blood pressure that reversibly inhibits an enzyme catalyzing production of a chemical that causes blood vessels to contract

Explanation:

The complete question is

If you were working for a pharmaceutical company as part of a drug discovery team, which of these enzyme inhibitors would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development?

a) a drug to treat high blood pressure that reversibly inhibits an enzyme catalyzing production of a chemical that causes blood vessels to contract

b) a drug to treat diabetes that irreversibly inhibits an enzyme in the metabolic pathway to synthesize glucose

c) a compound that acts as a competitive inhibitor for a digestive enzyme produced only in the presence of certain foods

d) a compound that inhibits enzymes by significantly changing the ph throughout the body

Solution

Productive avenue of a drug simply means producing an drug that not only treats the main disease or disorder but also functions to inhibit the causative agent activity. In case of option A, both the objectives of producing drug are met and hence it is the right choice.

High blood pressure usually affects the blood vessels by narrowing them and in severe cases may rupture them. If a drug as stated in option A is produced, it will not only rectify the effects of high blood pressure but will also prevent the blood vessels from narrowing by inhibiting the activity of enzymes responsible for producing chemical that leads to blood vessel contraction.

Hence, option A is correct

Final answer:

In drug development, focusing on selective enzyme inhibitors and reversible enzyme inhibitors offers promising avenues due to their specificity, safety, and potential in treating a wide array of diseases by targeting specific metabolic pathways.

Explanation:

If you were working for a pharmaceutical company as part of a drug discovery team, which of these enzyme inhibitors would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development? In the realm of drug development, focusing on enzyme inhibitors is a strategic approach due to their potential in treating a variety of diseases by targeting specific metabolic pathways. The key to selecting a productive enzyme inhibitor for drug development lies in understanding the enzyme's role in the human body, its relationship to diseases, and the specificity and safety of the inhibitor.

One highly promising avenue for drug development involves selective enzyme inhibitors. These are molecules designed to specifically inhibit the action of an enzyme that plays a critical role in the disease process without affecting other enzymes. This specificity is crucial for minimizing side effects and maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Examples include inhibitors targeting enzymes involved in cancer cell growth and proliferation, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in certain types of cancer treatment.

Another productive path could be the development of reversible enzyme inhibitors, which temporarily inhibit enzyme action. This approach is valuable in conditions where a temporary modulation of enzyme activity is desired, providing a way to finely control physiological responses with potential applications in a wide array of diseases including hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

Ultimately, the choice of enzyme inhibitor depends on the disease target, the enzyme's biological importance, the inhibitor's selectivity, and its pharmacokinetic properties. Drug discovery teams must continually assess these factors to identify and develop the most effective and safe therapeutic agents.

Question complete statement:

The average human has a density of 945 kg/m3 after inhaling and 1020 kg/m3 after exhaling. Without making any swimming movements, what percentage of the human body would be above the surface in the Dead Sea (a body of water with a density of about 1230 kg/m3) in each of these cases?

Answer:

P(in) = 23.17 %

P(ex) = 17%

Explanation:

Given data:

Density after inhaling = 945 kg/m3

Density after exhaling = 1020 kg/m3

Density of water body =  1230 kg/m3

% of human body above the surface in the dead sea = ?

Formula:

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the body.

P (f) x g x V(f) = P(o) x g x V(o)

Volume of the fluid displaced corresponds to volume of the object beneath the fluid level.

For inhaling:

[tex]\frac{V(DS)}{V(in)}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{P(in)}{P(DS)}[/tex]

V(in) = P(in) / P(DS)  x  V(DS)

        =  945 /  1230  x  V(DS)

V(in) = 0.7683   x  V(DS)

Calculate what percentage of the human body would be above the surface in the dead sea.

P(in) = (1 - 0.7683) x 100

      = 0.2317 x 100

P(in) = 23.17 %

For exhaling:

V(ex) = P(ex) / P(DS)  x V(DS)

        = 1020  /  1230 x V(DS)

        = 0.8292 x V(DS)

Calculate what percentage of the human body would be above the surface in the dead sea

P(ex) = (1 - 0.8292) x 100

        = 0.17 x 100

P(ex) = 17%

EXPLANATION:

There are 2 types of nucleic acids: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA(ribonucleic acid).

Living organisms have their genetic material in their DNA. Viruses use RNA as their genetic material but are usually called non-living things( because they can't reproduce without help from a host).

The function of nucleic acids has a progression from DNA to RNA to proteins. This is called the central dogma of molecular biology.

Nucleic acids are formed by a linkage of polynucleotide chains with phosphodiester bonds. These polynucleotide chains are formed from monomers called NUCLEOTIDES.

A nucleotide is made up of 3 parts:

i) a nitrogenous base

ii) a five-carbon sugar

iii) at least one phosphate group.

Answer and Explanation:

DNA as the inheritance materials

 Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase state the DNA as genetic material. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the natural substance in humans and all other organisms. Every cell in a person's body contains the same DNA. Chromosomes are made up of nucleic acids and proteins and are called hereditary vehicles. ... DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) has been found to contain genetic material in all organisms.

RNA as the inheritance materials

•       Wandell Stanley, in 1935 proved RNA as genetic material. RNA in humans does not act as genetic material but plays various other roles such as adapters, enzymes, helps in protein synthesis, etc. RNA functions as a messenger for the information to be transferred. The genetic material of organisms and many viruses is DNA. However, some viruses use an alternative type of nucleic acid, ribonucleic acid (RNA), as genetic material. ... RNA has excellent abilities as a genetic molecule; once has to continue the process of hereditary itself.

Nucleic acids

•       First, nucleotide are activated, nucleic acid precursors. As such, they are needed for genome replication and transcription of genetic information into RNA. Second, the adenine nucleotide, ATP, is a universal energy currency. Nucleic acids are formed when nucleotide combine through phosphodiester bonds between 5 'and 3' carbon atoms.

A. -273 K

Explanation:

The minimum average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance occurs at the temperature of -273K.

This is the lowest of the given temperatures.

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the answer i got for this question was wrong the right answer is 60°C if it's for k12 though

Explanation:

Explanation:

Answer: Option B) Yes, the solution is hypotonic, causing the cell to burst.

Explanation:

Because a hypotonic solution is of lower concentration to its surrounding, a cell placed in such solution absorbs the content of the solution, swells and then burst due to the uncontrolled inflow of the solution through its cell membrane.

Thus, the answer is Yes, the solution is hypotonic and cause the cell to burst.

Answer:

Chloroplast and mitochondria respectively

Explanation:

The chloroplast is the organelle wherein ATP is produced by the process of photophosphorylation during the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis. The transfer of electrons from PSII to PSI via electron transport chain generates a proton concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane which in turn drives the process of ATP synthesis.

Mitochondria can produce ATP in the absence of light by the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 via electron transport chain generates a  proton concentration gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria which in turn drives the process of ATP synthesis

In simple terms, water can be  defined as it is in the form of a liquid state  and it is colorless and transparent and it is the basic and important  needs for all the living organisms  

Explanation:

Effects of drought:

And the effects of drought are listed below,

 2.Water-rich:

Water-rich can be stated as the clean and quality of water provided to all the living organisms for their basic and necessary needs

Merits:

Answer:

Exocytosis.

Hope this helps.

Answer:

Somatosensory cortex strip

Explanation:

The parietal lobe is the lobe of the brain preset just behind the frontal lobe and is involved in the sensory perception.

The sensory perception in parietal lobe takes place in the somatosensory cortex which receives the signals from the senses.

The somatosensory cortex is organised in a similar spatial arrangement in the brain as in the body and forms a strip of the sensory cortex.

Thus, Somatosensory cortex strip is the correct answer.

Answer:

Ages that come five years from the age the person is now.

Explanation:

Ages that come five years from the age the person is now have more vivid  memories in people.

For example, if the person has 20 years, he would remeber more cleary from when he was 15 years old to his current age.

This is because the brain retains more information from the previews experiences, having all that memories more vivid.

This happens in any age.

Answer:

10 to 30 years

Explanation:

Studies have shown that adults, the period from 10 to 30 years of age produces reminder of the most accounts of life, the clear and intense memories, and the most important memories.

Changes in ocean currents

Explanation:

Answer:

Option B, Oncogenes

Explanation:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that has double stranded DNA and it also has a tendency of entering into the cytoplasm of the host cell without un-coating itself.  Since it is a virus, it replicates with in the nucleus of the host DNA polymerase until the basal cells differentiate into keratinocytes. Keratinocytes are keratin producing epidermal cells which hinders the transmission of HPV hence its shedding its essential for transmission of HPV into new host. Over-shedding leads to abnormal expression of HPV  due to change in normal expression pattern.  

Hence, option B is correct

Answer:

The answer is 25%.

Explanation:

Let's say that x represents the gene for the disease. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disease which means one must possess either a genotype of Xx, one dominant and one recessive, or XX, two dominant genes for the disease to be observed.

Since the individual has no history of the said disease, we can say that his genotype regarding the disease must be Xx which means it has a 50% chance of affecting the child.

The probability of their first child being a girl is 50% and the probability of the child inheriting the disease is also 50% so we can calculate that the probability of both of these conditions being true at the same time is 25%.

I hope this answer helps.

Answer:

1/8

Explanation:

In genetics as a whole there are few topics that impinge on human affairs quite so directly as this one. Foremost is the fact that a large proportion of genetically determined ill health in humans is caused by abnormal chromosome numbers. Additionally, manipulation of chromosome number is routinely used by breeders to improve agriculturally important species.

Answer

Better lactam antibiotics are antibiotics used in treatment of of severe infection caused by Bacteria.

Beta lactam antibiotics contain beta lactam ring in their molecular structure.

The major subtypes of Beta lactam antibiotics include : Penicillin, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems.

Explanation:

Penicillin : 1) Bind to Penicillin binding sites (PBS)

2) they are vulnerable to The enzyme penicillinase and other b-lactamase

3 ) Penicillin occurs naturally and can also be synthesized

Cephalosporins : 1) they also bind to Penicillin binding sites too

2) just like penicillin, they are vulnerable to B-LACTAMASE, unlike penicillin, they are not vulnerable to penicillinase

Monobactams:

1) binds only to PBP3 but binds weakly to other BPPs

2) is resistant to B-LACTAMASE but is inactivated by ESBLs (Extended spectrum Beta lactamASE ).

Carbapenems :

1) They bind PBPs of most bacteria

2) they are resistant to most B- Lactamase

Answer: Gaia hypothesis

Explanation: Gaia hypothesis conceived by a chemist James E. Lovelock and biologist Lynn Margulis was introduced in the early 1970s.

They hypothesis states that Earth and its biological systems behave as a huge single entity and that this entity has closely controlled self-regulatory negative feedback loops that keep the conditions on the planet within boundaries that are favorable to life.

This hypothesis has it that living organisms interact with their inorganic environment to form a working and self-regulating, complex system which makes life and conditions for life on earth to continue favourably and perpetually

Answer:

The correct answer is B.changing muscle length

Explanation:

Isometric exercise involves the contraction of a particular muscle group without changing the length of the muscle and the affected joint does not move in the exercise. Isometric exercise helps in muscle strength because they are done in a single position without any movement.

This allows them to improve the strength of a particular position. Some of the isometric exercises are high plank, self-arm wrestling, forearm plank, low squat, etc. So isometric exercise strengthens muscles without changing the length of the muscle.

Answer:

Living environment.

Explanation:

The illness may be defined as any kind of disease or sickness that affects the normal body condition. Bacteria, virus and other disease causing organisms can cause illness.

Both the external and internal environmental factors might responsible for the illness. The positive and healthy living environment is important to keep the individual's healthy and free from any illness. The internal living environment represents the physiological condition of the body and the external living environment represents the physical condition like proper sanitation, proper hygiene is important for the client success.  

Thus, the answer is living environment.