mitosis worksheet help

Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

Options for the question are

A "Why do you feel it is too hard?"

B "Let me re-read the teaching material to you."

C "What is it that you don't understand?"

D "Let me break it down in smaller steps."

Solution -

The questions of client make it clear that he/she is unable to understand the instructions given by nurse and due to this he/she is experiencing anxiety and panic seizures. The nurse must realize that she is required to give instruction is a much simpler language and manner so that it is easily understandable. Therefore, the nurse must re –read the instructions.  

If she in any case starts questioning or inquiring further the cause of not understanding the instruction give earlier would lead to enhancement of anxiety

Hence, option B is correct

Answer:

Nutrition and health benefits are the most likely motivation ,if a person decides to switch from drinking freshly squeezed orange juice to calcium-enriched orange juice after a yearly checkup,

Explanation:

As the Calcium enriched orange juice contains calcium almost equal to that of milk , hence it is an essential mineral which helps in building and maintaining strong bones and teeths.

It is also an excellent source of vitamin D helping the body to absorb more calcium . Thus providing excellent nutrition and health benefits.

Hence Nutrition and health benefits are the most likely motivation

Answer:

Explanation:

Topographic maps are those that show a detailed projection of the relief of a specific place. This type of map usually presents in a very detailed and precise form the necessary information so that it is possible to know an area geographically and to know if that region has forests, springs, urban areas, slopes, plains, among other characteristics. These maps allow it to be analyzed if a region has elevation, relief and inclination, for that, contour lines, contours of the index and contour interval are used to expose this information.

The items that are used to show elevation, relief and slope on a topographic map is

The following information should be considered:

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Answer:

E. gender typing

Explanation:

Gender typing is associtating an object, song, or etc, with a certain gender, or masc or fem. Hope this helps!

Answer:

A. Bacterium is capable of photosynthesis.

Explanation:

Thylakoid is the membrane bound structure where light dependent reaction of photosynthesis occurs. Thylakoid is present in chloroplast and cyanobacteria.

Carboxysomes are the compartments that are involved in carbon fixation.

So if a bacteria contains thylakoid it can perform light reaction of photosynthesis (ATP, NADP production) and If it also have carboxysomes it can also perform dark reaction of photosynthesis (Carbon fixation).

Answer: 50%

Explanation:

2/4 or 50% of the offspring could have red flowers.

Answer:

The probability of the offspring of this crossing to be red is 50%.

Explanation:

As shown in the question above, heterozygous individuals have a pair of alleles formed by a recessive and a dominant allele. In this case, the characteristic of the dominant allele stands out and is expressed, while the recessive allele is inhibited. The only way for the recessive allele to have its characteristic expressed is if it pairs with another recessive allele.

If we cause a heterozygous red plant (Aa) to cross with a recessive white plant (aa), there is a 50% probability that this offspring will be red in color and be heterozygous. There will also be a 50% probability that this offspring will be white and homozygous.

You can see this in the punnet square added below.

Answer:

The Red blood cell swells and burst because the IV fluid is Hypotonic (contains more water or solvent ) to the red blood cell, the red blood cell is consequently hypertonic (it contains more solute ) to the IV fluid In other to maintain balance, the red blood cell to absorbed more water from the IV fluid via the process of osmosis this eventually led to swelling and bursting of the red blood cell. This process is is known as hemolysis

Answer:

The correct answer is - hypotonic solution.

Explanation:

A hypotonic solution is a solution with low osmotic pressure than another or adjacent solution. In biology hypotonic solution that has low solute concentration and more solven or water than the another solution.

In such solution the solute has less or decreased solute and the movement of the water will be inwards the cell which cause cell swelling and breakage or burst. In the given question the mistake in preparing culture media creating hypotonic as it swells and burst.

Thus, the correct answer is - hypotonic solution.

Answer:

answer b!

Explanation:

Answer:

The options.

a.Computed tomography

b.Electroencephalography

c.Positron emission tomography

d.Magnetic resonance imagery

imaging

e.Positron emission tomography

The CORRECT ANSWER IS b.

b.Electroencephalography

Explanation:

Electroencephalography is used to determine the electrical activity of brain.

For determining electrical activity, electrodes are bonded to her scalp. An unusual activity of brain e.g. epilepsy, can also be measured by EEG.

The brain is an electrical system as it is a collection of neurons. Neurons interacts with each other through electrical signal.

The electrodes of an EEG measures electrical variation present in thousands of neurons.

The signal communicated by the electrodes is amplified with the aid of an amplifier. Separates maps of brain activity is developed by a computer.

Answer:

Atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure during the Atrial Contraction in the cardiac cycle.

Explanation:

Atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure during this phase of the cardiac cycle: A. atrial contraction.

Cardiac cycle can be defined as a complete heartbeat of the mammalian heart, which typically comprises sequential alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles, in order to cause oxygenated blood to flow unidirectionally (one direction) throughout the human body.

Generally, the cardiac cycle occurs in two (2) phases;

During atrial contraction, atrial pressure is typically greater than ventricular pressure generated when the cardiac cycle takes place.

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Answer:

Prophase: Cohesions join sister chromatids of duplicated chromosomes, tubulins assemble into spindle microtubules

Prometaphase: Microtubules attach to kinetochores

Metaphase: Kinetochores are motionless in relation to poles of cell

Anaphase: cohesions break down, kinetochores move toward poles of cell

Telophase : spindle microtubules disassemble

Answer: change in solar output.

Final answer:

Changes in solar output (option C) affect Earth's climate over a shorter period of time, influencing the climate through fluctuations in solar intensity that are not related to longer timescale shifts such as changes in Earth's orbit or tilt.

Explanation:

The factor that affects Earth's climate over a shorter period of time among the options provided is changes in solar output (C). This includes variations in the sun's activity, such as the 11-year solar cycle of increased or decreased solar intensity. Although solar energy continues to affect climate, recent constant solar activity does not explain Earth's recent warming. In contrast, changes in Earth's orbit and tilt, known as Milankovitch cycles, including changes in the orbital shape (eccentricity) and tilt of Earth’s axis, have the greatest impact on Earth's climate over much longer timescales, typically tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years. Changes in ocean currents also affect the climate but are not as immediate as changes in solar output. Volcanic eruptions, which are not one of the provided options, are another example of an event that can affect the climate over relatively short periods of time.

Answer: Nicotinamide  Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is reduced to NADH.

This oxidation-reduction takes place in the Step 6, of  glycolysis pathway; when  Phosphorylates Glyceraldehyde-3-Phospahte(GAP)  was oxidized  by NAD+( thus reduced to NADH) and phosphorylated by enzyme  Glyceraldehyde-3-phophate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to form 1-3- bisphosphoglycerate(an intermediate in pyruvate formation).

 The mechanism involves   oxidation of GAP(removal of hydrogen (dehydrogenation) and  the pick up  of the released hydrogen atom  by co- enzyme NAD+( the oxidizing  agent)  which  undergoes reduction  to form  NADH.

The next reaction is  phosphorylation (addition of phosphate  atom ) of  the oxidized  GAP so that it is released by enzyme GAPH to from  1-3- bisphosphoglycerate, NADH, and   H .

Explanation:

Answer:

One of the functional differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is that in the sympathetic nervous system first stage neurons have synapses a considerable distance from the target organ (Option C).

Explanation:

Sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system, and is responsible for producing the body's activating response, such as increased heart rate, pupil dilation, and increased muscle strength and endurance. The main neurotransmitters of this system are epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine.

One of the fundamental characteristics of the sympathetic nervous system is its ability to release neurotransmitters even when they are far from the receptors, while the nerve ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system must be close to the target organs.

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The sympathetic nervous system differs from the parasympathetic nervous system because its first-stage neurons synapse at a substantial distance from the target organ.

The sympathetic nervous system differs from the parasympathetic nervous system in the location where the first-stage neurons synapse with the second-stage neurons. In the sympathetic nervous system, first-stage neurons synapse at a substantial distance from the target organ, which is option c. This is due to the structure of the sympathetic nervous chain, which runs parallel to the spinal cord and houses the synapses between first and second-stage neurons, meaning these signals have a long distance to travel to reach their target. On the contrary, in the parasympathetic nervous system, first-stage neurons synapse closer to the target organ.

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Answer:

The Mendelian principles of inheritance ARE APPLIED IN HUMANS. Both plants and animalls posseses two alleles (forms) of each gene, and are inherited in Mendelian ways. Some genetic diseases are Mendelian diseases and are inherited according to Mendel laws, those are the diseases caused BY A SINGLE GENE. However, there are multigenic diseases (that involves more than one gene), multifactorial diseases (which involves several genes and environmental factors), and chromosomic diseases (like 21 trisomy) and all of these does not follow the Mendel laws.

Explanation:

Answer:

C) muscular

Explanation:

The system that provides the support, protects the internal structures and allows the movement is known as the skeletal system composed of the bones.

The skeletal system is unable to perform all the function on its own but is associated with another system called the muscular system composed of various type of muscles especially skeletal muscles and together form the musculoskeletal system.

The association of these system increases the efficiency of each other and thus together support, provides stability and helps in the movement in the body.

Thus, Option-C is the correct answer.

Answer:

a RNA virus

Explanation:

Causative agents of diseases are also known as pathogens. Pathogens include bacteria, fungi, protozoas, microscopic algae, virus, etc.

Pathogens cause disease by penetrating and infecting susceptible organisms.  In order to do this, they need their genomes.

The genomes of pathogens are in form of DNA, except for virus whose genome can also be in the form of RNA.

Hence, treatment with a DNA-degrading enzyme will neutralize all pathogens, except a RNA virus.

Answer:

Three basic types of hormones are as follows :

1) Lipid derived hormones (steroid)  

2) Amino acid derived hormones (amines)

3) Peptide/protien hormones

Peptide/protien hormones bind the membrane bound receptors only. Receptors for the peptide hormones are present only on the plasma membrane.

Steroid hormones bind to the nuclear receptors only.

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

The enzymes has the ability to convert the substrate into products. The rate of the activity of enzymes depends on many factors.The cell can opt for any of the options.

The enzyme activity can be regulated when the enzyme is already been produced into the cell.

It can be mediated by the activators or inhibitors.Activators can bind to to make the enzyme functional, inhibitors,competitive inhibitors et cetera can also bind to the enzyme when it is produced in the cell.

enzyme activity also depends on the type and amount of substrate.

Enzyme activity is regulated within a cell by factors like temperature, pH, location, and through molecules that inhibit or activate the enzymes. The most common method of regulation is feedback inhibition. This regulation ensures the desired reactions occur and the undesired ones are deterred.

Regulation of an enzyme's activity in cells occurs at various points. Enzymes are regulated by cellular conditions like temperature and pH. They are also regulated via their location within a cell, with some enzymes compartmentalized to only catalyze reactions under certain circumstances. Enzyme activity can be inhibited or activated by other molecules. Inhibitors can operate competitively, noncompetitively, or allosterically, with noncompetitive inhibitors usually being allosteric. Activators can enhance enzyme function allosterically.

The most common method for regulating enzymes in metabolic pathways is through feedback inhibition. Here, the products of a metabolic pathway act as inhibitors (usually allosteric) of one or more of the enzymes (typically, the first committed enzyme of the pathway) involved in that pathway. This regulation is vital to ensure the desired reactions are catalyzed at a given time in a given cell, and the undesired reactions are not.

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Answer:

Recombination during meiosis

Explanation:

The mixing of the combination of the genes is the cause of the variation and the genetic diversity on the Earth.

The mixing of genes takes place through the exchange of the gene segment which takes place during the gamete formation through meiosis in the sex cells.

The process which results in the formation of the combination of the genes is known as the recombination which colours during pachytene of meiosis I during which the crossing over between the chromosomes occurs. The exchange of alleles during the crossing over results in the production of a variety of traits and is the cause of biological diversity.

Thus, Recombination during meiosis is the correct answer.

Answer:

Brown fur, long tail (1)

Brown fur, short tail (1)

White fur, long tail (1)

White fur, short tail (1)

Explanation:

This is a cross involving two genes, one coding for fur colour and the other for tail length in mice. B and b are alleles for brown and white fur respectively while T and t are alleles for long and short tails respectively. According to the first cross in the question where a brown short-tailed mice (BBtt) was crossed with a white long-tailed mouse (bbTT) to produce a brown long offspring (BbTt), it shows that the brown fur allele (B) and Long tail allele are dominant over the white fur allele and short tail allele respectively. Since, their expression is masked.

Hence the F1 offsprings genotype is BbTt. When BbTt are crossed with a white fur and short-tailed mouse (bbtt), each parent produces the following gamete:

BbTt: BT, Bt, bT and bt

bbtt: bt, bt, bt, bt

Combining these gametes in a punnet square will produce 16 possible offsprings with only four different genotypes in the ratio 1:1:1:1.

The four genotypes with their Phenotypes are:

BbTt: brown fur, long tail (4)

Bbtt: brown fur, short tail (4)

bbTt: white fur, long tail (4)

bbtt: white fur, short tail (4)

Answer:

F2 phenotypes: brown fur, short tails; brown fur, long tails; white fur, short tails; and white fur, long tails.

Answer:

In hypertonic solution with high solute concentration than the plant cell that is about 1.0 M

Explanation:

The tonicity of the cell is determined by placing the cells in an either hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic solution.

The plasmolysis refers to the process taking place in the plant cell which allows the movement of the water out of the cell through the process of osmosis which leads to the shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

The cytoplasm shrinks when the cell is placed in the hypertonic solution which contains a high amount of solute than the plant cell and therefore less amount of water. As a result of this, the water moves out from the cell to the solution down their concentration gradient from high to a low level.

Thus, In hypertonic solution with high solute concentration than the plant cell that is about 1.0 M is the correct answer.

To demonstrate plant cell plasmolysis with an internal solute concentration of 0.8M, the cell should be suspended in a hypertonic solution where water moves out of the cell through osmosis, causing the cell to shrink.

To demonstrate plasmolysis in a plant cell with an internal solute concentration of 0.8M, the cell should be suspended in a hypertonic solution.

A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. When the cell is placed in the hypertonic solution, water will move out of the cell through osmosis, causing the cell to shrink and undergo plasmolysis.

For example, if the cell is suspended in a 1.6M salt solution, the higher concentration of solutes in the salt solution will cause water to move out of the cell.

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Answer: Option C) pyruvate kinase and phosphoglycerate kinase

Explanation:

The last five reactions of the glycolysis refers to the Pay-Off phase. Here, energy is liberated in the form of ATP as:

- phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-Diphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate

- Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of Phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

Thus, pyruvate kinase and phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes ATP-yeilding reactions of the Pay-Off phase

In the Pay-Off phase of glycolysis, ATP is produced in reactions catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase, each contributing to a net gain of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule processed. Hence, the correct answer isC.  

The phase in glycolysis that is often referred to as the "Pay-Off phase" is where the cell finally produces ATP in an energy-yielding series of reactions. This phase is critical because, after the initial investment of energy in the form of ATP, the pathway must generate ATP in sufficient amounts to repay this investment and provide additional energy for the cell. In the Pay-Off phase, there are two key steps where ATP is produced directly, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme:

The first ATP-generating step involves the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase. Here, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) donates a high-energy phosphate to ADP, forming ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG). This reaction results in a net gain of one ATP molecule per 1,3-BPG, totaling two ATPs per glucose molecule considering that glycolysis processes two molecules of 1,3-BPG.

The second ATP-producing reaction involves the enzyme pyruvate kinase. In this step, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) donates its phosphate to ADP to form ATP and pyruvate. This also yields one ATP per PEP, resulting in a total of two ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase" as the enzymes responsible for the ATP payoff in glycolysis.

Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

Water soluble hormones associate with the G protein of cAMP. This G protein is intra-cellular i.e found inside the cell.  

However in case of lipid derived hormones, the hormone has to diffuse through the cell across the plasma membrane to bind to DNA or the intra-cellular receptors.This regulates the gene transcription and induces protein production that affects the cell functioning for a long time.

Hence, option B is correct

Answer:

Repression

Explanation:

Repression, which is keeping to ones self disturbing thoughts.  It is a form of defence mechanism that underlies all other defence mechanisms

Rationalization is the defense mechanism that underlies all other defense mechanisms. It involves justifying behaviors by substituting acceptable reasons for less-acceptable real reasons.

The defense mechanism that underlies all other defense mechanisms is rationalization. Rationalization is the process of justifying behaviors by substituting acceptable reasons for less-acceptable real reasons. It allows individuals to avoid facing the true reasons for their actions or thoughts and helps reduce anxiety and protect their self-image.

For example, imagine someone who fails a test and instead of acknowledging their lack of preparation, they rationalize their poor performance by blaming the difficulty of the test or the teacher's unfair grading.

Rationalization plays a crucial role in defending the ego and preserving a person's self-esteem and identity.

Answer:

A urinary catheter

Explanation:

A urinary catheter is a tube that drains urine from the bladder. It is used in conditions such as incontinence, urinary retention or following  a gynecologic surgery.

The urinary catheter, through the opening for the passage of urine called the urethra, is passed into the bladder. The catheter is connected to a bag that collects the urine. This bag could come in a small or a big size, depending on the purpose of usage and the time of the day being used.

The lack of control of urination, coupled with the fact that the client's rheumatoid arthritis makes it more difficult to move, makes an alternative means of passing urine important. The urinary bag does  not require any form of movement to be functional therefore, with a urinary catheter and bag, the patient is stable and can effectively be given treatment to alleviate the pain and manage the incontinence.

Answer:

D:) sunlight

Explanation:

Sunlight is one of the resources that are available in limited quantity in water bodies as compared to the land habitats since sunlight can penetrate up to a certain depth in water. However, land habitats have ample of sunlight available for plants. During early colonization of land habitats, dense forests were not present on land which in turn made even more sunlight available to the land plants of all height. Sunlight is one of the required factors to support plant growth and development.

Answer:

The correct answer is b. cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring

Explanation:

According to the biological species concept, the population of organisms that interbreed with each other and produce viable and fertile offspring is considered as a species.

This means the member of species can interbreed with each other which results in viable and reproductively healthy offspring. So if two animals are not able to mate and produce viable and fertile offspring than those animals are not considered as the same species. Therefore the correct answer is b.

Final answer:

Animals belong to different species if they cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring, according to the biological species concept, which prioritizes reproductive isolation over physical or habitat differences.

Explanation:

Two animals are considered members of different species if they cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring. The biological species concept defines a species as a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature. Thus, if two animals do not interbreed in nature, or if they do but their offspring are sterile or do not survive (are not viable), they are considered different species. This definition emphasizes reproductive isolation as the primary criterion for species distinctions and does not rely solely on physical appearance or habitat differences, although these can be indicators of species separations as well.

Answer:

Lenticels found in mangrove roots allows diffusion and transport of oxygen to underground root systems in the anaerobic mud.

Explanation:

Lenticels are the small pores located on the aerial roots responsible for the gaseous exchange ( intake of oxygen ).

The Mangrove species contain a very large number of lenticels surround their roots and stems helping in the gaseous exchange ( respiration ) even in the anaerobic mud as he lenticels are surrounded by tide, as the root pressure begins to drop. When the tide goes down , air is again sucked in the aerenchym.

As in the anaerobic mud , their specialized roots allow mangroves to grow in anaerobic situations .