Labeling Theory posits that individuals who are labeled as 'deviant' often develop a deviant identity and begin to act in accordance with that label, a concept known as a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Explanation:The Labeling Theory in sociology essentially suggests that people, like deviants, get influenced by how others label them. Among the options you've provided, the most accurate choice that aligns with the fundamental argument of the labeling theory is: 'c. A deviant identity and career are frequently developed by persons who are classified as deviants.
The labeling theory, proposed by Howard Becker, argues that deviance isn't intrinsic to an act, but rather focuses on the linguistic tendency of the majority to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviating from standard cultural norms. The theory believes that people become deviant when labeled as such and when they adopt the label by exhibiting the behaviors, actions, and attitudes associated with the label. An expression like this is known as a self-fulfilling prophecy.
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The labeling theory argues that when society labels people as deviant, they may internalize this label and engage in a pattern of deviant behavior. Society's reaction to misbehavior, more than the behavior itself, influences this development. Hence, the correct choice is option c.
Explanation:The labeling theory, rooted in the field of sociology, suggests that the societal response and labels people receive for their behaviors play a significant role in the course of their lives and identities. Specifically, option c accurately reflects the tenets of this theory: often those who are labeled as deviant develop a deviant identity and embark on a career of deviance. Edwin Lemert, a key sociologist in developing this theory, identified two types of deviance: primary and secondary.
Primary deviance does not have an impact on a person's self-image or societal interactions, like getting a speeding ticket. In contrast, secondary deviance, where society's labels significantly impact a person's self-concept and societal roles, aligns with the essence of labeling theory. For instance, labeling a student as a low-achiever based on poor test performance can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the student embodies this label and performs poorly academically.
Culturally, deviance varies, and what is perceived as deviant can change over time and across different societies. Thus, the labeling theory emphasizes that it is not the behavior itself that is inherently deviant, but the societal reaction to it. Deviance, according to the theory, is a learned behavior influenced by surrounding social and cultural norms.
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In order to make instruction more effective, learners should be required to find additional portrayals of the information which have been presented by the instructor. Learners are expected to then demonstrate their portrayals to one another. Learning from demonstrations is enhanced when learners actively engage in interaction with one another rather than passively observing the demonstration.
References:
Merrill, M. D. (2009). First principles of instruction. In C. M. Reigeluth & A. A. Carr-Chellman (Eds.), Instructional-Design theories and models: Building a common knowledge base. (pp. 41-56). New York: Routledge.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Answer:
The given text can be said to be an example of paraphrasing plagiarism.
Explanation:
In order to avoid the text from getting recognized as plagiarized, the students mostly choose to replace the words and phrases in the original source material with synonyms and phrases with similar meanings. They also intelligently reconstruct the text so that it appears different than the original source material simply by reorganizing the order of sentences in the student version.You are trying to reduce turnover in your organization. After considering what you know, you suspect that turnover is high because employees are feeling unchallenged. This idea is a_______
The correct answer is strategy
Explanation: It is important to take steps to recognize possible causes of turnover
"when compared with others, people believe that they are more likely to own their own homes and live a long life, and that they are less likely to have a heart attach or a drinking problem" These beliefs are due to the _____.
Answer:
Optimism bias.
Explanation:
The concept of optimism bias was developed by Weinstein in 1980 while researching on college students. It is also known as 'mistaken beliefs'.
Optimism bias can be defined as a cognitive bias, according to which a person tends to believe that the chance of experiencing negative events is less or low and chances of experiencing positive events are high for them in comparison to their peers.
There are pros and cons to such types of beliefs as people are less likely to assess any risk which will lead them to poor decision making. Though, optimism bias can also help to build self-esteem.
In the given case, when people compare themselves with their peers and believe that the probability of negative experience in their life is less and positive experience is high is due to optimism bias.
Answer: These beliefs are due to OPTIMISM BIAS.
Explanation: Optimism bias also known as unrealistic optimism or comparative optimism can be defined as the intellectual prejudice by an individual that believes that nothing negative can befall them.
their desired end state, These facts makes an individual to be biased optimistically; their cognitive mechanisms, the information they have about themselves versus others, and overall mood.
In "Religion, Science and Ethics" the author's main point is:________.A. Religions are usually outdated, superstitious and often hateful, therefore the only solution is to find the best religion which is accurate and valid.B. The author takes a balanced view and believes that religious experience, although not scientifically accurate, is an important contribution to human ethics and self-awareness. C. Religious claims are absolutely valid and should be taken seriously along with scientific discoveries. D. Only scientific, provable and testable data is valid and religion should be disregarded as superstition.
Answer: The author takes a balanced view and believes that religious experience, although not scientifically accurate, is an important contribution to human ethics and self-awareness.
Explanation: Mikael Stenmark author of the book, Scientism: Science, Ethics and Religion. This book discusses scientists' views about science and its relationship to knowledge, ethics and religion are subjected to critical scrutiny. The author Mikael Stenmark takes a balanced view and believes that religious experience, although not scientifically accurate, is an important contribution to human ethics and self-awareness.
Original Source Material
In contrast to the transmittal model illustrated by the classroom lecture-note taking scenario, the constructivist model places students at the center of the process--actively participating in thinking and discussing ideas while making meaning for themselves. And the professor, instead of being the "sage on the stage," functions as a "guide on the side," facilitating learning in less directive ways.
Student Version
Considering the major changes and shifts in educational needs of today's society, the need for a new paradigm of education has emerged. This new paradigm of education requires a major change in the role of teachers from being the sage on the stage to a guide on the side, facilitating learning in less directive ways.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
a. Word-for-Word plagiarism
b. Paraphrasing plagiarism
c. This is not plagiarism
Answer: b. Paraphrasing plagiarism
Explanation: paraphrasing plagiarism is when you have used someone paper work or idea, without acknowledging the person, and pretending to be the original owner of that work, as you have tried to rephrase the words to your own words,
The student version has copied the original version, without acknowledging the original version, the student just tried to change the words, using his own words, even though he has copied some key points, words to words.
It is called paraphrasing plagiarism, also because the student has added nothing new to his write-up, making his write-up, look more like the original source.
Paraphrasing plagiarism, also known as rewording plagiarism, refers to the act of using someone else's ideas or content and rephrasing it without proper attribution or citation.
It involves rewording the original text, sentence structure, and vocabulary to make it appear different, while still retaining the essence of the original work. This form of plagiarism is considered unethical and dishonest, as it fails to acknowledge the original author's contribution.
It is important to always give credit to the original source when using someone else's ideas or content, whether it is paraphrased or directly quoted, to maintain academic integrity and avoid intellectual property infringement.
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You know that turning the pages of a book, using your pen to take notes, or raising your hand are all possible due to your ___________ nervous system.
Answer: Somatic nervous system
Explanation: The function of the somatic nervous system as a part of peripheral nervous system, is a regulating of the voluntary movement of parts of the body or the whole body. Also known as the voluntary nervous system, it regulates movements that are not independent of free will, and this somatic nervous system (SNS) has sensory and motor nerves that play a role in the management of voluntary movements. This system manages the movements through skeletal muscles through which sensory stimuli pass, and regulate movements of body parts and organs. Of course the impulses for movement that pass through the nerves (muscles) come from both the brain and the spinal cord.
Answer: SOMATIC nervous system.
SNS, Somatic nervous system or voluntary nervous system is a part of the nervous system which is not the central nervous system that is responsible for intentional control of body movement through the voluntary muscle of vertebrates, which is striated and anchored by tendons to bone.
In essence, turning the pages of a book, using your pen to take notes, or raising your hand are all possible due to the SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
The self-fulfilling prophecy describes the way in which people internalize labels and begin to subconsciously modify their behavior to match the label much like when a teacher tells a student that they are the smartest kid in the class so the kid starts to study more and therefore earns better grades or like when an employee is labeled a slacker and starts having a negative attitude about following corporate rules. True False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In psychology, the term self-fulfilling prophecy refers to the phenomenon by which someone "predicts" something by having an expectation and then this expectation comes true. It usually happens when a person has some expectations about another person and this other person starts behaving the way the other person expects him to behave and therefore, it "fulfils" the prophecy made by the first person.
In this examples, a teacher tells a student that they are the smartest kid in class so the kid starts behaving the way the teacher expects him to. Also, an employee is labeled as a slacker and he starts behaving this way. Therefore, this example is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy.
In 2010, approximately 13% of college students reported consuming 10 or more alcoholic drinks in a row, a level of alcohol consumption known as ________ ______ drinking.
Answer:
The answer is extreme binge drinking.
Explanation:
It is said that many Americans engage in extreme binge drinking or that they consume at least eight to 10 drinks that have alcohol. This tendency is increasing in the U.S.
These findings become a problem because this high level of drinking is related to aspects like health as well as safety risks, and there is also an important risk regarding injuries or even death according to some researchers.
A Peace Corps volunteer living in Blantyre, Malawi reported that the post office there had two letter slots, one labeled "Blantyre" and the other labeled Select one: a. "All points West." b. "All points East." c. "Elsewhere." d. None of the choices are correct.
Answer:
c. "Elsewhere."
Explanation:
Blantyre is a city in Malawi in East Africa. A volunteer of a Peace Corps stated that there are two letter slots held in the post office of Blantyre. One of the slots was labeled as "Blantyre" while the other was labeled as " Elsewhere".
This is because there are two slots. One slot is reserved for Blantyre and other slot is for from all the other elsewhere places.
Article X notes that nine of the thirteen states would need to vote for any legislative bill before it became law. Form a conclusion as to why the Articles included this provision. How might this provision have handicapped the central government ?
Answer:
Article X notes that nine of the thirteen states would need to vote for any legislative bill before it became law.Explanation:
Irrespective of a state's size and population, Article X states that each state would be entitled to only vote one in the legislature. It also provided that nine of the thirteen states would need to vote for any legislative bill before it becomes a law.
This provision was included to keep the legislature running on majority votes. It made mandatory for the legislature to introduce bills or laws only if 9 out of the 13 states are present and voting.
This handicapped the central government from passing laws or bills unanimously.
In a complex task such as creating a website for learning, instructors may want to support the generation of multiple solutions in learners' peer feedback. Anonymity may create a social context where learners feel freer to express varied ideas, and make the task of giving feedback less inhibited. However, teachers need to know just how anonymity impacts the learning dynamic in order to make informed choices about when anonymous configurations are appropriate in peer feedback. References: Howard, C. D., Barrett, A. F., & Frick, T. W. (2010). Anonymity to promote peer feedback: Pre-service teachers' comments in asynchronous computer-mediated communication. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 43(1), 89-112.
The correct answer is Word-for-Word plagiarism
Anonymity would be very useful in this class because it allows students to express their point of view without feeling that they will be judged by their classmates.
Anonymity impacts the learning
In the educational field, students are not only focused on learning the curricular contents taught by teachers, but the social part where they create friendships with each other is also involved. When a student has to make constructive criticism of another classmate, it often does not think about whether the work it did but how its criticism can affect the friendship it has with the person, which interferes to express an objective opinion.If teachers implement anonymity in the feedback process, they will find more extensive opinions and criticisms in the learning process.Learn more about Educational field, refer to the link:
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From an interdependency theory perspective, the most likely reason why we act compassionately and magnanimously is because:
A. we were socialized to do it.
B. we would experience guilt if we didn't.
C. our partners ask us to act benignly.
D. it increases the likelihood we will receive valuable rewards in return.
Answer:
The answer is D- it increases the likelihood we will receive valuable rewards in return.
Explanation:
Interdependence theory is a social psychological theory that characterizes interactions for human psychology stating that interpersonal interdependence define interpersonal relationships such that human interactions and interdependence have an influence on one another's experiences. From the perspective of this theory, the reason why we act so compassionate and generous is because it increases the likelihood that we will receive valuable rewards in return.
Gerotranscendence theory posits that: (Select all that apply.) a.) older adults withdraw from society in order to allow the transfer of power to younger individuals. b.) older adults withdraw from society in order to give the individual an opportunity for self-reflection and self-exploration. c.) time and superficial relationships become less important. d.) material possessions have less meaning. e.) status and value of elders is lost because their contributions are no longer valued.
Answer:
B, C, and D.
Explanation:
The theory of Gerotranscendence was proposed by Lars Tornstam in 1989. The theory helps in examining the last or final stage of developmental theory. This theory helps to shift in meta-perspective.
At the final stage, when a person becomes old, he/she develops the wisdom or new understanding of self and they become more aware of their relationship with others. People become more selective in their choices, become less interested in material possessions, and choose positive solitude.
So, from the given options, the correct options are B, C, and D.
Does an unbounded feasible region imply that the optimal solution to the linear program will be unbounded?
An unbounded feasible region does not necessarily imply an unbounded optimal solution in a linear program. The objective function and its alignment with constraints are crucial in determining this. Both must be analyzed to ascertain the boundedness of the solution.
This question pertains to linear programming, a classic optimization problem.
An unbounded feasible region means that the set of possible solutions extends infinitely in at least one direction.However, the objective function (the function we are trying to maximize or minimize) might still have a finite optimal value within this unbounded region.For example, if we are minimizing a linear function, the presence of constraints can prevent the solution from becoming infinitely negative.Conversely, if we are maximizing, the region could theoretically extend infinitely, but the optimal solution might still lie at a finite value depending on the direction of the objective function.Therefore, whether the optimal solution is unbounded or not depends on the objective function and its alignment with the constraints, not merely on the feasibility region being unbounded.In summary, the key is to analyze both the feasible region and the objective function to determine the boundedness of the optimal solution.
________ was one of the first people to suggest that we acquire deviant behavior much as we acquire other behaviors. Select one: a. Robert Merton b. Gabriel Tarde c. Peter Rosemont d. Karl Marx
Answer: B. Gabriel Tarde
Explanation: Gabriel Tarde (12 March 1843 - 13 May 1904), known for his social philosophy, the theory according to which invention is a condition of progress. According to his social philosophy, sociology is an interaction between human psyches and the initiators of these interactions are innovation and imitation. In essence, all innovations are a form of imitation of what has already been achieved, only to varying degrees, and different types of imitations.
In addition, Tarde was a criminologist and social psychologist. As all innovations as drivers of progress are nothing but different degrees of imitation of what has already been achieved, there is imitation and new innovation in the intertwining and psychological interactions of individuals. In these psychological interactions, all existing patterns of social behaviour are imitated as well as deviant behaviour. In support of this is the Group Mind thesis also developed by the Tarde, which best explains the psychology of the crowd or herd behaviour. This imitation begins originally in the family when children imitate their parents, later it is extended to different social models and the point is prestige. Tarde considered imitation a deep-rooted interpersonal trait, both conscious and unconscious.
__________ are the actions others can legitimately insist that we perform. Select one: a. Rights b. Duties c. Roles d. Statuses
Answer:
The answer is option b. Duties
Explanation:
Duties are set of tasks that one is morally or legally obligated to perform like ones duty at the work place, the responsibility of a clergyman etc.
Among older adults, hearing loss, and its associated social isolation, predicts the incidence of depression and :
A) menopause.
B) brain plasticity.
C) neurocognitive disorder.
D) a death-deferral phenomenon
Answer:
c. neurocognitive disorder
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Hearing loss in older adults, along with social isolation typically associated with it, increases the likelihood of depression and neurocognitive disorders. The incidence of this is greater due to the impacts of sensory deprivation and isolation on mental health.
Explanation:Among older adults, hearing loss, coupled with its associated social isolation, strongly predicts the incidence of depression and neurocognitive disorder. This assertion comes from research that has identified the impacts of sensory deprivation and isolation on mental health. Hearing loss can result in diminished quality of life and social isolation. Over time, this isolation can lead to depression and impaired cognitive functioning. Hence, older adults experiencing hearing loss are more likely to develop neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease or dementia, in comparison to their counterparts with normal hearing.
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One of the formal tools used by Congress for oversight of the bureaucracy is the line-item veto A authorization of spending BY impoundment bills C private bills D senatorial courtesy
Answer:
authorization of appropriations
Lines-item veto, authorization of spending, and impoundment control are among the tools used by Congress for oversight of bureaucracy. The line-item veto allows the removal of specific lines within a budget bill, whereas authorization of spending enables Congress to control funding for bureaucratic agencies. The Congressional Budget Office aids in policy analysis to limit bias.
Explanation:One of the formal tools used by Congress for oversight of the bureaucracy is the line-item veto. The line-item veto is a veto that allows the president or a governor to nullify specific lines of spending within a spending bill, without altering the majority of the bill. This power was granted to the president in 1996 through a law passed by Congress. However, this power was later overturned by the Supreme Court in 1998. It is still used by a number of state governors.
Another way Congress exercises oversight of the bureaucracy is through the authorization of spending. This is part of Congress's power to control funding for the various bureaucratic agencies. These agencies are required to submit annual summaries of their activities and upcoming budgets, which will be reviewed by committees and subcommittees in Congress. This oversight is an important part of the checks and balances system in place in the United States government, and is a crucial aspect of limiting bias in policy analysis.
Another powerful tool is the impoundment control. This law authorized the creation of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) which is responsible for scoring the spending or revenue impact of all proposed legislation in order to assess its net effect on the federal budget.
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The self is formed Select one: a. through interaction with others. b. before birth. c. from hereditary influences. d. before communication is possible.
Answer:
a. through interaction with others
Explanation:
In psychology, the term self refers to the idea we have of ourselves including our abilities, skills and how we feel about them. In other words, it refers to the idea that we have about ourselves.
There are many theories about how the self is formed (starting from Freud's psychoanalytic view) but they all agree that the image we have of ourselves is constructed based on the the interactions we have with other people and the feedback we receive from them plays a crucial role in the idea we have of ourselves. In other words, the self ends up developing through the influence of the environment and the people around us.
Therefore, the self is formed a.through interaction with others.
When Linda McAnem began Stirya, a New York-based computer services company, she ran it as a sole proprietorship. As the business grew, she realized that she did not want to be personally liable for the business's debts and wanted her business accounts to be separate from her personal accounts. Therefore, she should have
Answer: She should have INCORPORATED her business Stirya.
Explanation: Incorporation in business means an act of creating a body corporate, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members.
In this case if Linda incorporates her business, she has some benefits which include; Share par value; Number of authorized shares of stock; Directors; Preferred shares etc. This enables her to protection of personal assets against the claims of creditors and lawsuits.
_________ is considered the misuse of power for private gain. A. Polychronic power B. Monochronic power C. Power menace D. Corruption E. Private power surgence
Answer:
D. Corruption
Explanation:
The political corruption is the misuse of the power for the political or the personal gains and its other forms may include illegitimate private gain and include the bribery, the extortion practices, etc.Nuclear families that are not disrupted by divorce, desertion, or death typically pass through a series of changes across time that sociologists call Select one: a. the procreation pattern. b. the family life course. c. the family of orientation period. d. the birth cohort experience.
Answer:
b. the family life course.
Explanation:
Nuclear families went through the changes across time like one's life changes through out their lives like education, marriage, disease etc. The sociologists refers it to the family life course.
A good economic model A. is as simple as possible, including only necessary details B. is as complex as possible, including many details C. represents reality as concretely as possible D. tries to be as detailed as the reality it is describing E. is very detailed regardless of its purpose
Answer:
A. is as simple as possible, including only necessary details
Explanation:
A good economic model -
It refers to the framework , which helps to demonstrate the complex economics process in a simplified manner is referred to as a good economic model .
The model need to be extremely simple , then only it is called as a good economic model .
All the facts and figures need to be very clear and descriptive .
Hence, from the given information of the question,
The correct option is a.
To reduce the amount of time it takes to apply packaging to its finished products, North Star Foods is implementing new equipment at its production plants. By doing this, North Star is addressing a__________.
To reduce the amount of time it takes to apply packaging to its finished products, North Star Foods is implementing new equipment at its production plants. By doing this, North Star is addressing a primary activity in the value chain analysis.
Explanation:
Primary activity in the value chain analysis involve physical creation of the product, distributions and marketing and also include the after sales services for the product. It includes inbound and outbound logistics and production and marketing services.
Inbound logistics include suppliers who play a vital role in receiving the storing and distributing the product. Outbound logistics focus on the distribution, storage and collection of your services. Mostly after sales services helps the company to maintain a good relationship with the end customer.
The ____________ method of identifying social class views social class as a statistical category. Select one: a. objective b. self-placement c. reputational d. distributional
Answer:
a. objective
Explanation:
Sociologists have different methods to identify social classes.
One of these methods is the objective method. This method consists in measuring and analyzing "objective" facts such as income, education, job, expenses in order to determine the social class of a person, therefore, this method sees social class as something that can be measured and can be seen as a statistical category.
Therefore, the a. objective method of identifying social class views social class as a statistical category.
Answer:
The answer is A. Objective.
Explanation:
The objective method of identifying social class is considered a statistical category. Individuals are allocated to the different social classes according to some criteria like occupation, education, as well as income. A social class is considered a group of people who share similar levels concerning wealth, influence, as well as status.
Sociologists usually utilize three methods to establish a social class. They include the objective method, the subjective method, as well as the reputational method.
HIPAA offers researchers two alternatives for collecting and using data about human subjects without undergoing the IRB's protocol on issues of use, authorization, and waiver. Which of the following is one of those alternatives or exceptionsDe-identified data Informed consent
Answer:
The answer is - Minimum necessary standard.
Explanation:
The HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act which is a law that was designed to provide privacy standards in order to protect the medical records and health information of patients given to health care providers. One of the rules of the HIPAA requires that when a HIPAA covered entity requests for protected health information of a client then such entity must make efforts to ensure that the protected health information provided is limited to the minimum necessary standard in order to restrict inappropriate access to the disclosure of protected health information.
Equivalent units of production are the a.portion of whole units that are complete with respect to materials or conversion costs. b.number of units in production during a period, whether completed or not. c.portion of whole units that are complete with respect to materials or selling costs. d.portion of whole units that are complete with respect to factory overhead costs.
Answer:
(A). Portion of whole units that are complete with respect to materials or conversion costs
Explanation:
During production within a period, there is always a total number of units involved in the production process whether the process is complete or incomplete. These units are known as the whole units.
Equivalent units are that portion of the whole units that are complete when the cost of materials or conversion costs are taken into consideration.
Levin and Simons (1998) conducted a clever study in which a researcher (questioner) asked participants for directions on a college campus. During the conversation, a door was moved between the researcher and the participants. After that, the questioner changed to a different person. These researchers were studying ___________.
Answer:
The researchers were studying change blindness.
Explanation:
In the "door study", participants were exposed to major visual changes. They would be giving a man directions when two other men walked between them carrying a door. At this moment, the original man asking for directions would walk away carrying the door while another man replaced him. Approximately 50% of participants did not notice the replacement. That phenomenon is called change blindness, and it usually takes place when a person's attention is not focused on visual details. Since the participants in the study were more concerned with giving directions than with their interlocutor's appearance, they wouldn't notice the change.
In a certain population of frogs, 120 are green, 60 are brownish green, and 20 are brown. The allele for brown is denoted GB, while that for green is GG, and these two alleles are incompletely dominant. a. What are the genotype frequencies in the population
[tex]GG \times GG[/tex] = homozygous dominant = 0.6
[tex]GG \times GB[/tex] = heterozygous = 0.3
[tex]GB \times GB[/tex] = homozygous recessive = 0.1
Explanation:
Given:
Green frog GG= 120
Brownish green frog= 60
Brown frog GB= 20
Total no. of frogs= 200
Genotype frequencies=?
[tex]GG \times GG[/tex] = homozygous dominant = 120/200 = 0.6
[tex]GG \times GB[/tex] = heterozygous = 60/200 = 0.3
[tex]GB \times GB[/tex] = homozygous recessive = 20/200 = 0.1
Final answer:
Genotype frequencies in a frog population with incomplete dominance between brown (GB) and green (GG) alleles can be determined using Hardy-Weinberg principles. We found q² to be 0.1, and hence q to be approximately 0.3162. Using the values for p and q, we calculated the genotype frequencies of GG, GBGG, and GBGB in the population.
Explanation:
In a population of frogs with incomplete dominance between alleles for brown (GB) and green (GG), we can determine the genotype frequencies based on the given phenotypes. The brown frogs representing the homozygous recessive genotype GBGB, brownish green being the heterozygotes GBGG, and green representing the homozygous dominant GG. To find the genotype frequencies, we can apply Hardy-Weinberg principles which represent these frequencies as p² for homozygous dominant, 2pq for heterozygous, and q² for homozygous recessive, where p and q are the allele frequencies.
Since we see 20 brown (GBGB) frogs, we can denote this number as q². Therefore, if we let the total number of frogs be N = 120 (green) + 60 (brownish green) + 20 (brown) = 200, the frequency q² = 20/200 = 0.1. To find q, we take the square root of 0.1, giving us q = 0.3162. Knowing that p + q = 1, we can calculate p to be 1 - 0.3162 = 0.6838.
Now, using the values of p and q, the genotype frequencies are:
p² (frequency of GG) = (0.6838)² ≈ 0.4677 which is approx 46.77%2pq (frequency of GBGG) = 2 × 0.6838 × 0.3162 ≈ 0.4326, or 43.26%q² (frequency of GBGB) we already know to be 10%These genotype frequencies reflect the genetic structure of the frog population and sum to 1 as expected for a single gene locus.
Asked what the central limit theorem says, a student replies, ¨As you take larger and larger samples from a population, the variability of the sampling distribution of the sample mean decreases.¨ Is the student right? Explain your answer.
The student is wrong about central limit theorem.
Central limit theorem (CLT)
Central limit theorem deals with distribution of the mean of sample.the sample means distribution approximates to a normal distribution when the size of the sample becomes larger, regardless of the population's distribution.Thus, the student is wrong as the CLT does not say anything about given sample's histogram values.
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The student is correct. The central limit theorem states that as larger samples are taken from a population, the variability of the sampling distribution of the sample mean decreases.
Explanation:True. The student is correct in stating that as larger and larger samples are taken from a population, the variability of the sampling distribution of the sample mean decreases. This is a key aspect of the central limit theorem (CLT). The CLT states that if samples of sufficient size are drawn from a population, the distribution of sample means will be approximately normal.
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