______ is an alteration in the base-pair sequence of an individual's DNA; may arise spontaneously or following exposure to a mutagen.

Answer:

The correct answer is B.changing muscle length

Explanation:

Isometric exercise involves the contraction of a particular muscle group without changing the length of the muscle and the affected joint does not move in the exercise. Isometric exercise helps in muscle strength because they are done in a single position without any movement.

This allows them to improve the strength of a particular position. Some of the isometric exercises are high plank, self-arm wrestling, forearm plank, low squat, etc. So isometric exercise strengthens muscles without changing the length of the muscle.

Explanation:

Muscle tissue is metabolically more dynamic and burn a larger number of calories than fat tissue. The more muscles you have, the greater your resting energy expenditure, which implies that your body burns more calories while sitting idle

Answer:

D. discovered chemolithotrophs in natural environments.

Explanation:

Sergei Winogradsky is a Microbiologist, an Ecologist and a soil scientist from Russia who discovered chemolithotrophy mode of nutrition while studying a particular genus of bacteria.

He found that the bacteria genus had the ability to oxidize hydrogen sulfide with deposition of sulfur.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The thoracic spine is the second segment of the vertebral column, located between the cervical and lumbar vertebral segments. It consists of twelve vertebrae, which are separated by intervertebral discs.

Along with the sternum and ribs, the thoracic spine forms part of the thoracic cage. This bony structure helps protect the internal viscera – such as the heart, lungs and oesophagus.

This article will look at the osteology of the thoracic vertebrae, examining their characteristic features, joints and clinical correlations.

Ichthyostega and Tulerpeton, sharing common traits, are closely related and would be placed together on a branch of a phylogenetic tree. Acanthostega, Eusthenopteron, and Tiktaalik, sharing different traits, would be grouped on another branch.

The phylogenetic tree traces the evolutionary relationships of different species. The information provided implies that Ichthyostega, Tulerpeton, Acanthostega, Eusthenopteron, and Tiktaalik are distinct species that can be represented on a phylogenetic tree.

Based on their shared traits, we can hypothesize that Ichthyostega and Tulerpeton are more closely related to each other than either is to Acanthostega, Eusthenopteron, or Tiktaalik. Thus, Ichthyostega and Tulerpeton would be placed together on a branch of the phylogenetic tree, with a shared ancestor. Acanthostega, Eusthenopteron, and Tiktaalik, if they share common traits, would be grouped together on another branch of the tree.

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Answer:

Option A, a drug to treat high blood pressure that reversibly inhibits an enzyme catalyzing production of a chemical that causes blood vessels to contract

Explanation:

The complete question is

If you were working for a pharmaceutical company as part of a drug discovery team, which of these enzyme inhibitors would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development?

a) a drug to treat high blood pressure that reversibly inhibits an enzyme catalyzing production of a chemical that causes blood vessels to contract

b) a drug to treat diabetes that irreversibly inhibits an enzyme in the metabolic pathway to synthesize glucose

c) a compound that acts as a competitive inhibitor for a digestive enzyme produced only in the presence of certain foods

d) a compound that inhibits enzymes by significantly changing the ph throughout the body

Solution

Productive avenue of a drug simply means producing an drug that not only treats the main disease or disorder but also functions to inhibit the causative agent activity. In case of option A, both the objectives of producing drug are met and hence it is the right choice.

High blood pressure usually affects the blood vessels by narrowing them and in severe cases may rupture them. If a drug as stated in option A is produced, it will not only rectify the effects of high blood pressure but will also prevent the blood vessels from narrowing by inhibiting the activity of enzymes responsible for producing chemical that leads to blood vessel contraction.

Hence, option A is correct

Final answer:

In drug development, focusing on selective enzyme inhibitors and reversible enzyme inhibitors offers promising avenues due to their specificity, safety, and potential in treating a wide array of diseases by targeting specific metabolic pathways.

Explanation:

If you were working for a pharmaceutical company as part of a drug discovery team, which of these enzyme inhibitors would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development? In the realm of drug development, focusing on enzyme inhibitors is a strategic approach due to their potential in treating a variety of diseases by targeting specific metabolic pathways. The key to selecting a productive enzyme inhibitor for drug development lies in understanding the enzyme's role in the human body, its relationship to diseases, and the specificity and safety of the inhibitor.

One highly promising avenue for drug development involves selective enzyme inhibitors. These are molecules designed to specifically inhibit the action of an enzyme that plays a critical role in the disease process without affecting other enzymes. This specificity is crucial for minimizing side effects and maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Examples include inhibitors targeting enzymes involved in cancer cell growth and proliferation, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in certain types of cancer treatment.

Another productive path could be the development of reversible enzyme inhibitors, which temporarily inhibit enzyme action. This approach is valuable in conditions where a temporary modulation of enzyme activity is desired, providing a way to finely control physiological responses with potential applications in a wide array of diseases including hypertension, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

Ultimately, the choice of enzyme inhibitor depends on the disease target, the enzyme's biological importance, the inhibitor's selectivity, and its pharmacokinetic properties. Drug discovery teams must continually assess these factors to identify and develop the most effective and safe therapeutic agents.

In simple terms, water can be  defined as it is in the form of a liquid state  and it is colorless and transparent and it is the basic and important  needs for all the living organisms  

Explanation:

Effects of drought:

And the effects of drought are listed below,

 2.Water-rich:

Water-rich can be stated as the clean and quality of water provided to all the living organisms for their basic and necessary needs

Merits:

Answer:

1. Accuracy  

2. thoroughness  

3. empathy

4. initiative

5. certification

6. AHDI (Association for Healthcare Documentation Integrity)

7. ethnocentrism

8. tact

9. problem-solving

10. dependability

Explanation:

1. Accuracy is the efficiency to complete a work with due diligence and micro checks at individual level

2. thoroughness is the ability to  complete a work with accuracy, neatness and on time

3. empathy is the emotional intelligence that leads to sensing of others’ problem and situation

4. initiative  is the first action taken by an individual on his/her own to change some thing

5. certification is the proof of excellence in any work.

6. AHDI (Association for Healthcare Documentation Integrity) is an association that provides medical certification

7. Ethnocentrism is the centric thought process of considering oneself greater than all in terms of social differences such as caste , creed, color etc

8. Tact is an aspect of an individual’s behaviour to act and speak efficiently irrespective of place, people and situation

9. problem-solving skill allows one to solve a  problem strategically and step by step

10. dependability is the behavioral aspect of a person that makes him/her reliable and trustworthy

The student's question addresses personality traits, with a focus on conscientiousness, as defined by the Five Factor Model. Answers include conscientiousness, perfectionistic, agreeableness, and more, all of which relate to behaviors or characteristics associated with high conscientiousness.

The student's question appears to be related to the study of personality traits, specifically the conscientiousness dimension from the Five Factor Model of personality. Here are the answers to the blanks based on the information provided:

Answer:

A (DNA LIGASE)

Explanation:

Replication of DNA cannot occur without certain enzymes with varying functions. After unwinding of the DNA double-strand by helicase enzyme, DNA polymerase attaches itself and starts adding nucleotides, however, DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5'-3' direction. Since the separated strands run in an anti-parallel manner i.e. one runs from 5'-3' while the other from 3'-5'.

Nucleotides are continuously added to the leading strand (runs from 5'-3') since that is the normal direction of synthesis by DNA polymerase but because of the 3'-5' direction of the lagging strand, nucleotides are added in small fragments called OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS. As the polymerase acts on the leading strand, these okazaki fragments are made on the opposite strand (lagging strand).

An enzyme called DNA LIGASE is responsible for attaching from end to end, the small okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to one another.

DNA Ligase is the enzyme that connects Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, preserving the genetic information carried in the DNA.

The enzyme responsible for connecting Okazaki fragments during DNA replication is DNA ligase. DNA ligase performs a critical task during replication, it seals the gaps between these Okazaki fragments to create one continuous DNA strand. This action maintains the integrity and continuity of the new DNA strands being synthesized, which is crucial for preserving the genetic information carried in the DNA.

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Answer: fMRI

Explanation:

fMRI stands for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It is an imaging scan that helps to evaluate the activities of the brain through changes that occurs in line with the flow of blood, and this is because there is a connection between neuronal activation and blood flow in the cerebral. It must be noted that the rate of blood flow in a particular area of the brain increase when such part is under use.

Answer:

Some people call them shooting stars. Those meteors are burning up in the mesosphere. The meteors make it through the exosphere and thermosphere without much trouble because those layers don't have much air. But when they hit the mesosphere, there are enough gases to cause friction and create heat.

In the mesosphere layer of the atmosphere, this shooting star occurs.

A capturing famous person is sincerely a small piece of rock or dust that hits Earth's atmosphere from the area. It moves so fast that it heats up and glows as it moves thru the surroundings. taking pictures of stars is absolutely what astronomers name meteors. maximum meteors deplete inside the atmosphere earlier than they reach the floor.

The mesosphere's ecosystem is low density and made of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. even though a maximum of the meteors that reach the mesosphere are burned up, some of their fabric hangs round afterward, along with iron and other steel atoms.

Temperature decreases with height for the duration of the mesosphere. The coldest temperatures in Earth's surroundings, approximately -ninety° C. are found near the top of this sediment. The boundary among the mesosphere and the thermosphere is referred to as the mesopause.

The mesosphere could be very essential for earth's protection. The mesosphere burns up most meteors and asteroids earlier than they may be capable of attain the earth's floor

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Answer:

Homologous genes that are highly conserved.

Explanation:

Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that represent evolutionary relationship between organisms.

It is set to represent the hypothesis that a set of species evolved fro the same ancestor.

Anatomical similarities are considered in the construction of the trees.

However , two organisms can be placed in the same tree by comparing their  genes.

If the two eukaryotes have genes that are highly conserved that similar.

Explanation:

Answer:

a. stevens hydroxyapatite combination is less than roger's

b. roger's skeleton undergoes less osteolysis than steven's

c. roger's osteoblasts are more active than steven's

Explanation:

The hydroxyapatite combination includes the minerals of the apatite group like calcium apatite. As the exercise enhances the bone stability and prevents it's deformity thus the hydroxyapatite or mineral density is expected to be higher in Roger than Stevens.

The osteolysis is the pathological destruction of the bone tissues. As Roger does regular exercise he is expected to have achieved more immunity over Stevens. Thus Roger is prevented from oesteolysis.

The osteoblasts are the cells that secrete matrix for bone synthesis as the exercise is responsible for strengthening the bone the osteoblasts in person who do regular exercise are expected to be more active. Thus Roger's osteoblasts are more active then Steven's.

Final answer:

Roger's regular weight-lifting likely results in more active osteoblasts compared to his sedentary twin Steven, which would contribute to a denser and stronger skeleton. This is consistent with the understanding that resistance training increases bone density and strength.

Explanation:

The question concerns the impact of physical activity on skeletal health. When comparing Roger, who lifts weights regularly, to his twin brother Steven, who is not as active, one can hypothesize that Roger's osteoblasts are more active due to the stimulus provided by regular resistance training. This increased activity promotes the deposition of bone tissue, which can lead to a denser and stronger skeleton in Roger compared to Steven.

Therefore, the most reasonable hypothesis from the given options is c. Roger's osteoblasts are more active than Steven's. This is consistent with the idea that regular weight-bearing exercise, like lifting weights, stimulates bone growth and density, a process that is less pronounced in sedentary individuals.

Furthermore, consistent with the hypotheses presented, a right-handed pitcher and a right-handed cyclist will likely have thicker bones in their dominant arm and leg respectively, and a broken bone typically heals to be thicker. In contrast, bedridden patients may experience bone thinning due to lack of activity.

Answer:

The Genotype: Cc

Explanation:

On a punnet square if the dad carries the gene as a homozygous dominant trait that the would make his genotype: CC

For the mother, she would have hers as cc which would mean that the probability of her being colorblind is 1/2 so she would not be color blind

EXPLANATION:

There are 2 types of nucleic acids: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA(ribonucleic acid).

Living organisms have their genetic material in their DNA. Viruses use RNA as their genetic material but are usually called non-living things( because they can't reproduce without help from a host).

The function of nucleic acids has a progression from DNA to RNA to proteins. This is called the central dogma of molecular biology.

Nucleic acids are formed by a linkage of polynucleotide chains with phosphodiester bonds. These polynucleotide chains are formed from monomers called NUCLEOTIDES.

A nucleotide is made up of 3 parts:

i) a nitrogenous base

ii) a five-carbon sugar

iii) at least one phosphate group.

Answer and Explanation:

DNA as the inheritance materials

 Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase state the DNA as genetic material. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the natural substance in humans and all other organisms. Every cell in a person's body contains the same DNA. Chromosomes are made up of nucleic acids and proteins and are called hereditary vehicles. ... DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) has been found to contain genetic material in all organisms.

RNA as the inheritance materials

•       Wandell Stanley, in 1935 proved RNA as genetic material. RNA in humans does not act as genetic material but plays various other roles such as adapters, enzymes, helps in protein synthesis, etc. RNA functions as a messenger for the information to be transferred. The genetic material of organisms and many viruses is DNA. However, some viruses use an alternative type of nucleic acid, ribonucleic acid (RNA), as genetic material. ... RNA has excellent abilities as a genetic molecule; once has to continue the process of hereditary itself.

Nucleic acids

•       First, nucleotide are activated, nucleic acid precursors. As such, they are needed for genome replication and transcription of genetic information into RNA. Second, the adenine nucleotide, ATP, is a universal energy currency. Nucleic acids are formed when nucleotide combine through phosphodiester bonds between 5 'and 3' carbon atoms.

Answer

Better lactam antibiotics are antibiotics used in treatment of of severe infection caused by Bacteria.

Beta lactam antibiotics contain beta lactam ring in their molecular structure.

The major subtypes of Beta lactam antibiotics include : Penicillin, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems.

Explanation:

Penicillin : 1) Bind to Penicillin binding sites (PBS)

2) they are vulnerable to The enzyme penicillinase and other b-lactamase

3 ) Penicillin occurs naturally and can also be synthesized

Cephalosporins : 1) they also bind to Penicillin binding sites too

2) just like penicillin, they are vulnerable to B-LACTAMASE, unlike penicillin, they are not vulnerable to penicillinase

Monobactams:

1) binds only to PBP3 but binds weakly to other BPPs

2) is resistant to B-LACTAMASE but is inactivated by ESBLs (Extended spectrum Beta lactamASE ).

Carbapenems :

1) They bind PBPs of most bacteria

2) they are resistant to most B- Lactamase

Answer:

Ages that come five years from the age the person is now.

Explanation:

Ages that come five years from the age the person is now have more vivid  memories in people.

For example, if the person has 20 years, he would remeber more cleary from when he was 15 years old to his current age.

This is because the brain retains more information from the previews experiences, having all that memories more vivid.

This happens in any age.

Answer:

10 to 30 years

Explanation:

Studies have shown that adults, the period from 10 to 30 years of age produces reminder of the most accounts of life, the clear and intense memories, and the most important memories.

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane occurs by diffusion, active or passive transport.

Explanation:

Cell membrane are specifically penetrable, controlling which substances can go through, just as the amount of every substance can enter or exit at a given time. Specific permeability is fundamental to cells' capacity to get supplements, take out wastes, and keep up a steady inside condition unique in relation to that of the environment (homeostasis). Passive transport doesn't require the cell to consume any ATP and includes a substance diffusing down its concentration gradient across its membrane. In active transport, molecules cross the membrane using ATP.

Answer:

Somatosensory cortex strip

Explanation:

The parietal lobe is the lobe of the brain preset just behind the frontal lobe and is involved in the sensory perception.

The sensory perception in parietal lobe takes place in the somatosensory cortex which receives the signals from the senses.

The somatosensory cortex is organised in a similar spatial arrangement in the brain as in the body and forms a strip of the sensory cortex.

Thus, Somatosensory cortex strip is the correct answer.

Answer:

The answer is 25%.

Explanation:

Let's say that x represents the gene for the disease. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disease which means one must possess either a genotype of Xx, one dominant and one recessive, or XX, two dominant genes for the disease to be observed.

Since the individual has no history of the said disease, we can say that his genotype regarding the disease must be Xx which means it has a 50% chance of affecting the child.

The probability of their first child being a girl is 50% and the probability of the child inheriting the disease is also 50% so we can calculate that the probability of both of these conditions being true at the same time is 25%.

I hope this answer helps.

Answer:

Option 1, No. The highest frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is 0.5

Explanation:

As per Hardy Weinberg’s equilibrium principle, the maximum frequency of heterozytotic individuals occur only when half of the population is dominant and recessive homozygous.  

In other way when the sum of frequency of dominant and recessive species is equal to 0.5, only then the frequency of heterozygotes is maximum which in any case would not be higher than 0.5.  

Hence, option 1 is correct

Answer:

Option 4. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt  is correct answer.

Explanation:

Erik Erickson presented theory of personality development which is very popular and acceptable. He divided his theory into 8 sages each having 2 components. I have attached an info graph explaining clearly each stage.

Question complete statement:

The average human has a density of 945 kg/m3 after inhaling and 1020 kg/m3 after exhaling. Without making any swimming movements, what percentage of the human body would be above the surface in the Dead Sea (a body of water with a density of about 1230 kg/m3) in each of these cases?

Answer:

P(in) = 23.17 %

P(ex) = 17%

Explanation:

Given data:

Density after inhaling = 945 kg/m3

Density after exhaling = 1020 kg/m3

Density of water body =  1230 kg/m3

% of human body above the surface in the dead sea = ?

Formula:

The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the body.

P (f) x g x V(f) = P(o) x g x V(o)

Volume of the fluid displaced corresponds to volume of the object beneath the fluid level.

For inhaling:

[tex]\frac{V(DS)}{V(in)}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{P(in)}{P(DS)}[/tex]

V(in) = P(in) / P(DS)  x  V(DS)

        =  945 /  1230  x  V(DS)

V(in) = 0.7683   x  V(DS)

Calculate what percentage of the human body would be above the surface in the dead sea.

P(in) = (1 - 0.7683) x 100

      = 0.2317 x 100

P(in) = 23.17 %

For exhaling:

V(ex) = P(ex) / P(DS)  x V(DS)

        = 1020  /  1230 x V(DS)

        = 0.8292 x V(DS)

Calculate what percentage of the human body would be above the surface in the dead sea

P(ex) = (1 - 0.8292) x 100

        = 0.17 x 100

P(ex) = 17%

Answer:

Exocytosis.

Hope this helps.

Answer:

The olfactory nerve is involved in conveying the sensory information of the smell. This is the first cranial nerve of the body. This nerve enter in the brain cribriform plate.

The function of the olfactory nerve can be tested by closing the eye of the individual and tell them to close their one nostril. The sample for smelling is put their nose and tell them to tell about the smell of object. This test is further repeated with the second nostril. If the individual identifies the correct smell, it means his olfactory nerve is working properly. This test cannot be done in the lab due to the hygiene problem and some substance can be allergic for the different individual.

Answer: The olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve which conveys the sensory information related to the smell.

The receptors are nasal mucosa and forebrain. The test to access the function of olfactory nerve has to be performed at a place which is free from any type of smell.

It should be clean and free from any type of smell. In this case the person is taken to a place which is clean and dry.

He is told that the test is being performed on him. He is being exposed to different smells such as vanilla, lemon which is not that strong.

Then person has to recognize the smell of different flavors if he is able to recognize the smell correctly then his olfactory is working correctly.

Answer:D. astrocytes

Explanation:

glial cell are any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons its divided into four groups namely oligodendrocytes,

astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells. The astrocytes plays a key role in regulating ions, uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier.

A. -273 K

Explanation:

The minimum average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance occurs at the temperature of -273K.

This is the lowest of the given temperatures.

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the answer i got for this question was wrong the right answer is 60°C if it's for k12 though

Explanation:

Semidiurnal tides occur when a coastline on Earth experiences two high and two low tides of about the same height each day.

Explanation:

If  the earth did not have continental, then the predominantly tides would be diurnal tides. This means there would be one high and low tide at a point in the ocean. However, the presence of continents causes the tides to vary across coastal regions of different continents -mixed. This is because the ocean waters are not free-flowing with the moon’s and sun’s gravitational pull. The blockage by continentals to this flow causes mixed diurnal and mixed semi-diurnal tides. Mixed semi-diurnal tides have two high and low tides of unequal amplitudes on a lunar day.

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Answer:

D. Semidiurnal tides

Explanation:

Answer: (A) The hip may be flexed to put on clothing such as pants, stockings, socks, or shoes.

Explanation: To avoid hip dislocation after replacement surgery. important guidelines should be communicated to the patient by the medical consultant.

Examples of important guidelines include:

1. patient should not flexed his or her hip to put on clothing such as pants, stockings, socks, or shoes.

2. ensuring that the patient keep his or her knees apart at all times to avoid secondary dislocation;

3. patient should apply pillow between the legs when sleeping;

4. patient should never cross the legs when seated;

5. The medical consultant should instruct the patient to limit hip flexion to 90 degrees when he or she sits and etc.