Answer:
D :
Explanation:
In an experiment by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, participants labeled their arousal as joyous or irritable, depending on the people they were with. The experiment established that emotions are not only physiological but are also COGNITIVE.
Perhaps the most frequent error in problem solving is:___________
a) not being aware of personal limitations.
b) rushing to judgment about the nature of a problem.
c) being too doubtful.
d) failing to consider all dimensions of a problem.
e) following a rote pattern of decision making.
Answer:
b) rushing to judgment about the nature of a problem.
Explanation:
As problem-solving is the most essential and fundamental process of coming to a solution the rushing to get the solution is not a good practice as there are various steps involved and assumption of the nature of the problems is thus the most frequent error of problem-solving that researchers make.
The school of psychology known as ________ used introspection to study the basic elements of mental experiences.
Answer:
Structuralism.
Explanation:
As the exercise briefly describes, Structuralism used introspection to study the basic elements of mental experiences. This school aims to understand and analyze from the simplest to the hardest mechanism and component of the mind. With the simplest gears they can begin to study and understand more complex parts of the human mind, employing introspection, experiences, emotions and feelings among other things.
Lauren has been chosen to introduce the guest speaker to her economics class. She is worried about how she will look and sound to her classmates, her palms are sweaty, and she can feel her heart beating. She is terrified that she will be negatively judged or scrutinized by those in her class. This is best described as ____."
Answer: Social anxiety
Explanation:
Social anxiety is the scenario where an individual is afraid of addressing an audience based on how they would be viewed. This was Lauren fears and thought.
Cesare Beccaria, in the 1700s, was one of the first scholars to develop a systematic understanding of why people commit crime. Beccaria helped to form the core of what today is referred to as ______________ criminology.
The correct answer is classical
Cesare Beccaria was the precursor of the classical school, he advocated that criminal conduct is based on a purely rational choice of the individual, who comparatively analyzes the benefits and risks inherent in the criminal act, opting for the crime if it is more advantageous to him.
Social dumping occurs when an exporting country
A. imposes an export tax on domestic businesses that export, to compensate for the opportunity cost to the domestic market.
B. creates unfair competition based on lower costs because the exporting country provides little social support system to the worker.
C. targets markets that consist of specific vulnerable groups in the importing country.
D. exports good that are not sellable in the domestic environment due to hazards and safety
issues.
Answer:
The correct answer is : B
Explanation:
Social dumping is a practice of using cheaper labor. In a country where many people migrate this workforce becomes available. Then companies get a lot of profits and at the same time they save money. They are not obligated to give a social support system. This phenomenon affects the industries and the work environment.
Social dumping is a practice where an exporting country provides little social support to workers, resulting in unfair competition based on lower costs and exploitation of workers.
Explanation:Social dumping occurs when an exporting country creates unfair competition based on lower costs because the exporting country provides little social support system to the worker. This can result in lower wages, poor working conditions, and exploitation of workers in the exporting country. By offering goods at lower prices, the exporting country gains an advantage in the international market, disadvantaging domestic producers in other countries.
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Municipal bonds include all of the following types EXCEPT: (A) New Housing Authority (B) GNMA's (C) Water & Sewer revenue (D) General obligation
Answer:
The correct answer to the following question will be Option B (GNMA's).
Explanation:
GNMA pays interest payments on securities that are debt-based provided by funds guaranteed by the Housing Finance Agency and the Department of Veteran affairs. Different GNMAs are released in fixed quantities of 25,000 dollars.GNMA presents Ginnie Maes as securities which are issued by a government-not municipal security agency.Therefore, Option B is the right answer.
Common "people problems" in groups can begin in the formation of the group. Benjamin declares to his fellow group members that "if you are going to be so nosey, I am not staying in this group!". This potentially destructive behavior is an example of a .
a. monopolizer
b. manipulator
c. resister
d. quitter
Answer:
b. manipulator
Youths who engage in delinquency, and get caught and are subsequently labeled, are referred to as pure deviants, whereas youths who continually break rules and avoid labeling are referred to as secret deviants. What models of labeling would best fit these two descriptions?
Answer:
c. Pure deviants, secret deviants
Explanation:
By using the labeling theory for deviant behavior, there are four categories:
falsely accusedconformingpure deviantsecret deviant.Falsely accused are those labeled as deviant, but who haven't participated in said kind of behavior, and are therefore falsely labeled.
Conforming are those who have engaged in obedient behavior and are not perceived as deviant.
The examples mentioned in the question do not fit with these two labels, and the most fitting models are:
Pure deviants - those who engage in deviant behavior and have been recognized and labeled as suchSecret deviant - those who engage in deviant behavior, but are not perceived as deviant by society and are not labeled as such.Erikson believed that everyone enters the autonomy versus shame and doubt state at what time in our lives?
Answer:
At the end of infancy, around 18months to 3 years of age
Explanation:
Building of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory Eric Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development in humans. These stages are;
1. Trust vs mistrust: at birth to 12 months of age,
2. Autonomy vs shame/doubt: ages 1-3 years
3. Initiative vs guilt: ages 3-6 years
4. Industry vs inferiority: 6-12 years of age
5. Identity vs role confusion: 12-18 years of age
6. Intimacy vs isolation: ages 20 through early 40s
7. Generativity vs stagnation: 40s to mid 60s
8. Integrity vs despair: mid 60s to the end of life.
Everyone enters the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage at around 1/1.5 to 3 years of age.
Sally, a social worker from the United States, has been stationed in Konesia for a year. She notices several things about the Konesian society; the people who report to her, for example, do so with an excessive amount of submissiveness, and her superior seems to expect the same of her. Which of the following statements about Konesia would be consistent with Hofstede's framework?
Answer:
Konesia has a high power distance index.
Explanation:
Based on Geert Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, the power distance dimension is one of the dimensions of his cultural value analysis.
Power distance index(PDI) measures "the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally". Here high power distance index means the lower strata and followers of power accept hierarchy and are highly "submissive" to perceived powerful entities without question or doubt while the low PDI defines the opposite.
Eduardo is stressed because he aspires to join the full-time faculty at a local university, but the university will only hire him as a temporary instructor because he does not have 5 years of teaching experience. In Eduardo's case, the source of stress is:_______________
a. conflict.
b. stress.
c. distress.
d. frustration.
e. anxiety.
Answer: Frustration
Explanation: Frustration could be explained as a condition of mental or psychological worry resulting being unable to achieve or attain a certain target or goal especially after the individual must have put in so much effort in other to make such accomplishment. Frustration may be related to annoyance, failure, anger, disappointment and other social or emotional factors which could impede an individual from reaching a certain target, goal or milestone. Frustration could manifest in an individual in the form of emotional or psychological stress or weakness or physically by weeping or feeling uneasy.
The effects of climate, noise, population density, family size, and multiethnic communities illustrate that development is _____.
The correct answer is; Multidirectional.
Further Explanation:
Multidirectional development is only of the aspects of a persons life span. This is when change can happen over the course of a persons entire lifetime. These span over different areas of the life that can overlap and occur at the same time, such as;
BiologicalPhysical CognitiveMentalSocioemotional changesOne example of multidirectional development is when a person has trouble seeing at night, they then begin to believe they are getting old and may not have long to live. This causes socioemotional change in her psyche because of a biological issue.
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Development is multifactorial and is shaped by many factors including both environmental aspects such as the climate and noise, and social aspects such as population density, family size, and the composition of the community, like whether it's multiethnic or not.
Explanation:The effects of climate, noise, population density, family size, and multiethnic communities illustrate that development is multifactorial.
This means that it is influenced by many factors, which can be both environmental (like climate and noise) and social (like population density, family size, and multiethnic communities).
For example, a hotter climate might lead to different behavioral tendencies and habits compared to a colder one (like preference for outdoor activities vs. indoor ones). Noise levels can affect stress levels and overall wellbeing. Larger family sizes can influence the resources available for each individual, potentially affecting their development.
Multiethnic communities expose individuals to diverse cultures and perspectives, enriching their knowledge and worldview.
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If you see a woman enter your classroom on the first day of class that is wearing a suit, carrying a briefcase, and is over 40 years old, you might quickly (and possibly erroneously) decide that she is the professor because she fits your prototype of a professor. If so, you've used the mental shortcut known as the _____.
Answer:
The representativeness heuristic.
Explanation:
As shown in the example given, the representativeness heuristic is a process in which an individual compares the similarity of certain objects and organizes them according their category, similitudes, etc. In this case, being a student in a classroom, one would expect that if a person has a certain outfit and age to be a teacher, and enters the classroom, the faster assumption would be to think of her as a teacher.
Answer:
A representativeness heuristic
Explanation:
A representativeness heuristic is a cognitive bias in which an individual categorizes a situation based on a pattern of previous experiences or beliefs about the scenario. It can be useful when trying to make a quick decision but it can also be limiting because it leads to close-mindedness such as in stereotypes. The question is a typical example of a cognitive bias based on the scenario, she fits the prototype of a professor an assumption is taken immediately.
Which of the following are true? a.Consequentialism concerns itself with the morality of the actions themselves. b.Utilitarianism judges actions by the morality of the actions and not by usefulness. c.Business ethics reflect elements of both formalism and consequentialism, but tend to focus more heavily on the former. d.None are true. e.All are true.
Answer:
Option E
Explanation:
All are true looking at the elaborate explanation of the options below
1. For option A, consequential-ism talks about the morality of an action is judged based on the consequence of the actions carried out, i.e for you to judge an action, it is based on the consequence of the actions carried out, this makes option A correct.
2. For option B, Utilitarianism judges actions by morality, employing utilitarianism, you are commending that actions are judged based on the morality behind the actions not the usefulness of the actions. This define what utilitarianism defines.
3. For option C Business ethnic is a formal presentation of skill set that makes up the business idea. without good business ethics, you cant have the best idea to work out, thou it is consequential, because there is always going to be a result of every move, it could be good or bad but it focuses more on the ethnics applied into the business.
Suppose that when you hear a new acquaintance's name, Chris Money, you think about the meaning of the name Money, including both coins and dollar bills, and the importance of money in our culture. The kind of processing you would be using is called:________
a. serial processing.
b. automatic processing.
c. sensory memory.
d. elaboration.
Answer:
d. elaboration.
Explanation:
Suppose that when you hear a new acquaintance's name, Chris Money, you think about the meaning of the name Money, including both coins and dollar bills, and the importance of money in our culture. The kind of processing you would be using is called elaboration.
Elaboration in memory processing is the process of linking new information or stimulus to previously existing stimulus at the time of encoding. This helps the new information to be easily stored in the memory. Linking the name Chris Money to coins and dollars is called elaboration and it will help in the storage and retrieval of that information.
Answer: Elaboration
Explanation: Elaboration in the context above is the process of making series of visual, semantic or acoustic connections or linkage to a particular word, event or occurrence. Elaboration is the technique used in elaborative encoding used in storing information in long term memory by making connection or attachment between that word and a previously existing knowledge in memory. Such that when a word is heard, and all possible meaning of the word, object or statement is brought into view or memory, such process is called elaboration.
A click and a scent are separately paired with a shock, and each conditioned to the maximum associative value. The click and scent are then combined into a compound stimulus and subjected to further pairings with the shock. This is obviously an experiment on the ____ effect.
Answer:
overexpectation
Explanation:
Overexpectation effect: In psychology, the term "overexpectation effect" is defined as the phenomenon that tends to occur when a researcher finds the declination of response to a very well established CS or conditioned stimulus that have been encountered with further reinforcement training with respect to each other. The overexpectation effect has been widely studied by a psychologist named Ivan Pavlov who is responsible for setting up the pattern for studying and then explaining the response loss.
In reference to the question, the given statement represents the overexpectation effect.
Taxes that are paid by individuals on all money earned, including investments, are
Taxes that are paid by homeowners to state and local governments are
Taxes that businesses are required to pay on their earnings throughout the course of a year are
none
Taxes that are paid by individuals on all money earned, including investments, are income taxes.
Taxes that are paid by homeowners to state and local governments are property taxes.
Taxes that businesses are required to pay on their earnings throughout the course of a year are corporate taxes.
Tax simply means a compulsory levy that's paid by individuals and firms to the government. Every individual pays tax on their income and this is an income tax.
The taxes that are paid by homeowners to state and local governments are property tax while those that businesses are required to pay on their earnings throughout the course of a year are corporate tax.
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Engagement in pretend play and the ability to represent objects that are not present are associated with the symbolic function substage, which is the first substage of the _______ stage of cognitive development.
Answer:
preoperational
Explanation:
Preoperational stage: In psychology, the term "preoperational stage" is considered as one of the stages in the cognitive development theory that consists of four distinct stages and was introduced by Jean Piaget.
The preoperational stage is considered as the second stage and starts around two years of a child's life and lasts through seven years. A child gets involved in symbolic play, starts talking, and manipulates symbols.
Key features: Centration, symbolic representation, irreversibility, egocentrism, animism, etc.
In the question above, the given statement represents the preoperational stage.
Dr. Hindsmith has developed a new test for IQ. When Dr. Hindsmith distributes the new test to college students and finds that the students score the same every time they take the test, but that the test does not predict how they perform on other IQ tests. Dr. Hindsmith's test appears to have reliability but not validity. True or false?
Answer: True
Explanation:
Reliability is the factor that defines measure consistency in test, research or other measurements.It depicts the extent to which the measure is stable for different participants and variable time period.
Validity is the factor that describes accuracy and preciseness of the test.It reflects that the test is measuring the claimed or intended measure.
According to the question,Dr. Hindsmith test is reliable but does not display validity as score of students is consistent in test but it does not define their performance in other test.
Thus, the given statement is true.
Which of the following is a sample in which each member of the population has some known chance of being included? A. Probability sample B. Representativeness C. Nonprobability sample D. Convenience sample E. Reliability
Answer:
A. Probability sample
Explanation:
A Probability Sampling may be defined as the sampling technique where a sample from the larger population are taken or selected using the method which is based on the theory of probability.
In a probability sample, the probability or the chance of each of the element to be included in the sample is non zero and known. A cluster sample is an example of a probability sample.
Hence the correct option is (A).
Which hellenistic philosophy was most strongly influenced by aristotle's emphasis on empirical knowledge?
Answer:
skepticism
Explanation:
Elaine is listening to a speech on endangered salmon habitat. She pays close attention to what the speaker is saying but disagrees with some of his points. After the speech audience members are asked to speak if they have comments or questions. Elaine raises her hand. What type of speech will she make?
Answer:An Impromptu speech
Explanation:An Impromptu speech is a speech that you give at a particular moment without any prior preparation. It can be a professional speech like a boss asking you on the spot to give an update on a project or just a casual speech at a friend's wedding. For Elaine it's an impromptu speech responding to this presentation because she feels she needs to state her own opinions on the issue.
The text observes that most people grow up in some form of family and know something about what marriages and families are. But while personal experience provides us with information, it can also act as:________-
Answer: blinders
Explanation: Many people rely on personal experiences as a way of being informed and we mostly view this as the normal way things are supposed to be. This tends to blind us to other views as well as restrict individuals from observing the shortcomings of their perspective.
Social and cultural norms in a family setting are deeply ingrained and most times form the basis for the general outlook and expectations and other points of views are discarded or regarded as abnormal and strange. This is because we already have blinders on due to personal experience in our family situation.
Employees are who are permitted to personalize their work space are likely to be more productive, committed, motivated workers, because the personalization process increases workers' _____.
a) coping skills
b) social support
c) relaxation
d) perceived control
Answer:
d) perceived control
Explanation:
Employees are who are permitted to personalize their work space are likely to be more productive, committed, motivated workers, because the personalization process increases workers' perceived control. Employees who personalize their work space have a perceived control of their work environment and hence feel more at home in their work thus leading to increased productivity.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Employees are who are permitted to personalize their work space are likely to be more productive, committed, motivated workers, because the personalization process increases workers' perceived control
Perceived control is the belief that one can determine one’s own internal states and behavior, influence one’s environment, and bring about desired outcomes. There are some workers who perceive they have enough control over their work environment seem to be more productive because they tend to control what happens around them making them more motivated to produce results.
The U.S. House of Representatives has created a committee to no longer allow short members of congress to be seated after an election, unless they are taller than 6 feet. Shorty Smith wins his election in his district, but standing only 5 feet 5 inches tall, congress votes 307-116 to not seat Shorty Smith. Shorty Smith, obviously outraged, files a petition with the Supreme Court to force congress to seat him. Can Congress keep Shorty Smith from taking his seat by merely voting against him?
Answer:
No, Congress cannot keep Shorty Smith from taking his seat.
Explanation:
In Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486 (1969), the Supreme Court ruled that Congress can only refuse to seat an elected member when that person does not meet specific constitutional requirements: minimum age (25 for representatives and 35 for senators), must be American citizens for at least 7 years (it s the US Congress), and live in the state that they represent (not necessarily the same district though).
A sociologist studies the way a group of fast-food restaurant employees do their work. From what you read in this chapter, how would Weber and Durkheim differ in their study of these workers?
Answer:
From what was read in this chapter, it is clear that Weber would be concerned about how meaning is made out of work and their daily interactions with other employees. On the other hand, Durkheim would likely be concerned about how division of labor can help in the workplace for the purpose of fostering and maintaining a sense of solidarity.
Explanation:
From what was read in this chapter, it is clear that Weber would be concerned about how meaning is made out of work and their daily interactions with other employees. On the other hand, Durkheim would likely be concerned about how division of labor can help in the workplace for the purpose of fostering and maintaining a sense of solidarity.
Sonia Soans is a corporate trainer. One of her favorite ways to start a training program is to present a case study and encourage members to think of the case in depth and discuss it amongst each other. Using the results of the activity, she understands the baseline measures of the group's functioning. During one of her recent sessions, she observed that the group came to a consensus very quickly. However, when asked to present their views, the team members were not too confident and appeared to be under an illusion of unanimity
Answer:
The team is experiencing "Groupthink"
Explanation:
Groupthink occurs when a group of individuals reaches a consensus without critical reasoning or evaluation of the consequences or alternatives.
Groupthink is based on a common desire not to upset the balance of a group of people. This desire creates a dynamic within a group whereby creativity and individuality tend to be stifled in order to avoid conflict.
Groupthink is not always problematic. In the best cases, it allows a group to make decisions, complete tasks, and finish projects quickly and efficiently. In the worst cases, it leads to poor decision-making and inefficient problem-solving.
Groupthink is the phenomenon where members of a group suppress their doubts and go along with the majority to maintain harmony and avoid conflict. In this case, the group quickly reached a consensus but lacked confidence when asked to present their views, indicating an illusion of unanimity.
Explanation:Sonia Soans is a corporate trainer who likes to start a training program with a case study to encourage group discussion and thinking. In a recent session, the group quickly reached a consensus but seemed unsure when asked to present their views, indicating an illusion of unanimity. This phenomenon is known as groupthink, where members suppress their doubts and go along with the majority to maintain harmony and avoid conflict.
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what is the Constitutional principle that the law making, executive, and judicial powers be held by different groups and people.
Answer: Separation of powers.
Explanation: The constitutional principle of separation of power recognized the division of governmental powers into three branches. The legislative, executive and judicial powers. This principle is a representation of governmental power in which the government is divided into three branches, each is saddled with independent , separate responsibilities so that powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. It is also known as the trias politica model. Therefore, the principle of separation of power refers to the division of responsibilities into distinct branches of government by limiting any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.
Answer: Separation thee Powers!!!
Explanation:
Separation of powers is a doctrine of constitutional law under which the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate. This is also known as the system of checks and balances, because each branch is given certain powers so as to check and balance the other branches.
John, a 43-year-old father dying of cancer, makes frequent nasty remarks to his wife such as, "You can't wait until I die so you can get the insurance money and live it up, can you." This illustrates which of Kubler-Ross' stages?
a. anger
b. depression
c. bargaining
d. denial
Final answer:
The correct answer is option a. John's nasty remarks to his wife as he confronts his terminal illness represent the anger stage of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's five-stage model of grief. This stage follows denial and precedes bargaining, depression, and acceptance in the grief process.
Explanation:
The remarks made by John, the father dying of cancer, are a clear indication of the anger stage in Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's five-stage model of grief. This stage is characterized by feelings of frustration, resentment, and unfairness about one's impending death or significant loss. It can manifest in outbursts, such as the comments made towards his wife about the insurance money. John's behavior shows he is aware of his situation and is reacting with anger towards it and those around him.
For reference, the correct order of the stages in Kübler-Ross's model is: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Therefore, the answer to the student's question is a. anger. It's essential to understand that while these stages are typical responses to grief, they may not occur in the same order for everyone, and some individuals may not experience every stage.
After an alarming event, your temperature, blood pressure, and respiration are high, and you have an outpouring of hormones. Hans Selye would most likely guess that you are in which general adaptation syndrome phase?
A. Exhaustion.
B. Resistance.
C. Immobilization.
D. Collapse.
E. Shock.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Resistance
General adaptation syndrome is a three-stage response that the body has to stress.
The three stages are:
alarm reaction
resistance
exhaustion
What happens within the body during each of these stages is explored below.
Alarm reaction stage
Glucocorticoids is triggered to adrenaline and cortisol, which is a stress hormone. The adrenaline gives a person a boost of energy. Their heart rate increases and their blood pressure rises. Meanwhile, blood sugar levels also go up.
The alarm reaction stage of the GAS prepares a person to respond to the stressor they are experiencing. This is often known as a "fight or flight" response.
Resistance
During the resistance stage, the body tries to counteract the physiological changes that happened during the alarm reaction stage.
The body tries to return to normal by reducing the amount of cortisol produced. The heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal.
If the stressful situation comes to an end, during the resistance stage, the body will then return to normal.
However, if the stressor remains, the body will stay in a state of alert, and stress hormones continue to be produced according to Hans Seiye.
This physical response can lead to a person struggling to concentrate and becoming irritable. This is the stage thd question is talking about.
Exhaustion stage
After a long period of stress, the body goes into the final stage known as the exhaustion stage. Once it reaches the exhaustion stage, a person's body is no longer able to fight stress. They may experience: tiredness, depression, anxietyfeeling
The person needs to find a way to manage it, if he does not find ways to manage stress levels at this stage, they are at risk of developing stress-related health conditions.