Symbolic Interactionism is the sociological perspective that would be most interested in the APA's 1973 statement. It focuses on the meanings that people develop through social interaction, including perceptions of homosexuality and definitions of normality and deviancy.
Explanation:In the context of the 1973 decision by the American Psychological Association to declassify homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder, the sociological perspective that would be most interested in the statement the APA made would be Symbolic Interactionism.
Symbolic Interactionism focuses on the meanings that people develop and rely upon in the process of social interaction. It would be interested in how such a significant statement from the APA would change social perceptions, interactions and relationships regarding homosexuality, as well as how it might reshape definitions of normality and deviancy.
Compared with Functionalism, Exchange Theory, and Cyberfeminism, Symbolic Interactionism concentrates more specifically on interpersonal communication and the construction of self-identity, which are themes directly relevant to this issue.
Learn more about Symbolic Interactionism here:https://brainly.com/question/34225571
#SPJ6
In case of a municipal revenue bond, provisions for the flow and application of funds normally are established by the: (A) Prospectus (B) Feasibility study (C) Legal opinion of a bond attorney (D) Bond indenture
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
Bond Indenture can be defined as an agreement between two parties in which legal and important features are mentioned and agreed by both the parties. The terms that are mentioned in bond indenture includes restrictions on the issuer, consequences faced by the issuer at the time of failure to make payments.
In Municipal Revenue, Bond indenture is used to check the flow and application of funds.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Betty Lou has a car washing and detailing business. She charges $20 to wash a car, a process that takes her 20 minutes and requires no help or materials. For car detailing, a process requiring 1 hour, she charges $50 net of materials. Again, no help is required. What do you suggest Betty Lou do to make the most efficient use of her resources?
Answer: Betty Lou should raise the price of car detailing or concentrate on washing cars.
Explain the reasons for the difference in chamber size of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Describe how the different constituencies influence the formality of debate.
Answer:(a) The Senate composition of members is based on equal representation, while that of house of repreresentatives is based on population. (b) The general principles of a bill in congress is started by committee of the whole, then moves to the various standing committee for their input,it will then be brought back to the committee of the whole for final passage.
Explanation:
Democracy is a system of government which gives everyone the right to participate in the government that govern them through the right to franchise .In a democratic nation like United States which practices federalism, there are two chambers of their legislative houses known as the Senate and the house of repreresentatives, collectively they are known as the congress. The constitution gave them the power to make law, to ratify the appointment of members of presidential cabinet, they have the power to remove president through an impeachment process, in addition ,they also have the power to approve the annual budget of the state.
The composition of members in the Senate is based on equal representation from all the state's in the federation, while the composition of members in the house of repreresentatives is based on population. The rules of the debate in the congress is that the general principle of the bill to be passed will be debated by the committee of the whole house, after which the bill will be committed to the various standing committee for their input into the bill. The standing committee in the process of carrying out their duties may conduct a public hearing on the bill to be passed in order to know the views of members of the public, their report will then be brought back to the committee of the whole for final passage either through the voice vote in which the speaker or the Senate president will put into the voice vote by saying if you are in support of the bill say Aye,against say Nay, if the Aye is more than Nay, the bill is passed into law,but if the Nay is more than the Aye, the bill has been rejected. The bill may also be passed through the roll call of the members in which the names of each members will be called to come and vote on the bill, if the numbers of those congressmen that vote in support of the bill is more than those who vote against it ,then the bill is passed into law, if otherwise the bill has been rejected.
Final answer:
The House and Senate differ in chamber size and formality of debate due to proportional versus equal representation, term lengths, and constituency influence.
Explanation:
The differences in chamber size between the House of Representatives and the Senate can be attributed to the design of the bicameral legislative branch, where the House has proportional representation based on state population, and the Senate has equal representation for each state. The House's larger size and more frequent turnover lead to a more structured and formal setting, while the Senate's smaller size allows for a less formal environment.
Constituencies influence the formality of debate as House members have to cater to specific district interests due to shorter terms, resulting in a more partisan and intense atmosphere. Senators, serving statewide and longer terms, have a broader appeal to constituents and more flexibility in debate due to the Senate's rules allowing individual members to influence legislation.
Bicameral legislative system, chamber design differences, and constituency influence are key factors in shaping the distinctive features and functioning of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Acts "involving direct physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage" are defined by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson as what type of crime? Select one: a. felony crime b. theft crime c. aggravated crime d. predatory crime
Acts "involving direct physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage" are defined by Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson as predatory crime
Explanation:
The crimes refers to the acts that are against the law or an act that harms other. There are many types of crimes such as personal, property, statutory, financial crimes,etc predatory crimes refers to the crime that is very well planned and executed.
For instance, the robbery that is associated with bank is an example of predatory crime. With this, the thieves will first determine the place where robbery should take place, then need to know about the timings of the institution,the methods and technologies used for security, etc.Hence, the given example is Predatory crime.
"The correct answer is d. predatory crime.
Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson's research on crime categorizes offenses based on the nature of the act. According to their classification, ""predatory crime"" refers to acts that involve direct physical contact between at least one offender and at least one person or object which that offender attempts to take or damage. These crimes are characterized by the offender's intent to illegally obtain something from the victim, often involving violence or the threat of violence. Predatory crimes include offenses such as robbery, burglary, and theft, where the offender benefits directly from the act at the expense of the victim.
To clarify the other options:
a. Felony crime: This is a broad category that includes serious crimes, typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year. Predatory crimes can be felonies, but not all felonies are predatory crimes.
b. Theft crime: Theft is a type of predatory crime, but the term ""theft crime"" is more specific and refers to offenses where the offender takes someone else's property without consent and with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of it.
c. Aggravated crime: This term usually refers to a crime that is made worse by certain factors, such as the use of a weapon, the degree of injury to a victim, or the criminal history of the offender. It is not a specific category of crime like predatory crime.
the talmud is A. a book about the prophets in the Hebrew Scriptures B. a combination of the Gemara and the Mishnah C. a book of mystical Judaism beliefs and prayers in the Middle Ages D. a combination of the Torah and the Kabbalah
Answer:
B. A combination of the Gemara and the Mishnah.
Explanation:
The Talmud is the primary basic central text of the Rabbinical Judaism. It also constitutes the main text or basis of the Jewish religious beliefs and practices. This book is the generic term used for the documents or writings of which the Jewish religious beliefs are based from. This collection of writings are categorized into two parts- the Mishnah and the Gemara.
The Mishnah cmprises of the written compendium of the laws, statutes and legal practices of the Jewish/ Judaism's beliefs while the Gemara is more of an analysis and commentary on the whole of the Talmud.
The Talmud is B. a combination of the Gemara and the Mishnah, which is central to Rabbinic Judaism and distinct from the Torah, the most holy text consisting of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible.
The Talmud is a central text of Rabbinic Judaism, encompassing the Mishnah and the Gemara, and serves as a guide to Jewish law and tradition. The correct answer to the question posed is: The Talmud is B. a combination of the Gemara and the Mishnah. The Torah, considered the most holy text of Judaism, refers specifically to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. These texts, also known as the Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses, form the core of Jewish scripture and religious teaching. In contrast, the Talmud reflects centuries of Rabbinic discussion, interpretation, and analysis of the Torah and Jewish law.
Under the unified command (UC) principle, each incident commander (IC) is responsible for all incident activities, including strategies and tactics and ordering and releasing resources, particularly when an incident occurs within a single jurisdiction. How does this change under a UC?
The agencies have the possibility to work better together even with different legal, geographic and functional authorities, all this is not affected by nothing, because it allows them to work even if they have so many different things.
Following his experience in the military, Hans developed a classically conditioned fear response to radio static. After he left the military, the response extinguished. However, after not hearing radio static for several months, Hans again shows the conditioned fear response. Hans’s experience is best described by_____________
Answer:Spontaneous recovery
Explanation:Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon in which a behavior that was thought to have been extincted suddenly appears.
This response is the one that has resulted from classical and operant conditioning.
Spontaneous recovery in this way can be defined as a conditioned response that appears after it it rest period.
This usually occurs when the conditioned response stimulus is no longer associated with unconditioned stimulus.
Hans conditioned fear had extinguished after he left the military buy after months it came back again this is spontaneous recovery.
How would the poem ""We Wear the Mask"" be different if Paul Laurence Dunbar had written it in more informal language or without as much structure?
Answer: It would not have been as powerful as it is
Explanation: While using less formal language and structure would have made the poem more understanble by different classes of readers, it would not have the poignant and gripping effect the formal language portrays.
It is another way of expressing the level of facade and layers of masks the African Americans had to wear in order for their behaviour to be considered socially acceptable.
While the language and tone of the poem clearly indicates the eloquence of Dunbar's literary prowess, the type of informal language as used in his more popular poems would have diminished the point he was trying to make with the pain and anguish experienced by the African Americans who at that time most likely didn't speak so formally.
Answer:
“We Wear the Mask” would have been interpreted as subjective and emotional if Dunbar had used more informal language and fewer structural elements. Simpler words would have been more accessible to his audience. However, the formal structure allows all Americans to relate to the poem, no matter their race. The formal structure is evident in the following lines:
Why should the world be over-wise,
In counting all our tears and sighs?
Nay, let them only see us, while
In this case, Dunbar uses an old English word, nay—not likely a word that every African American at the time knew. Dunbar uses such formal language and structure to present his point of view in an objective manner to readers.
Explanation:
From Plato
Restricting messages to a specific character count, a(n) __________ can be used to build communities and share customer success stories. A. microblog B. webpage C. instant message D. blog E. podcast
Answer:
A. microblog
Explanation:
Microblog -
It refers to the online broadcast medium which exists as a specific form of blogging , is referred to as microblog .
It enables the users to exchange of small video , images , and hence is used and hence it is famous , and widely used .
Hence , from the question ,
The correct option is A. microblog .
Accessing electronic resources, manually searching library resources, investigating primary sources, and conducting scientific experiments are all examples of ________ research methods.
Answer:
Formal research methods
Explanation:
Formal research methods -
It refers to the research method , which uses the basic and traditional search sources and experiments , is referred to as formal research methods .
In this research method , the sample used is a random sample .
The research method involve the use of library as the source of information and some experiments to conduct the research .
Hence , from the given information of the question ,
The correct term is Formal research methods .
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular inventory that classifies people into personality types based on their responses to a series of questions. According to the National Research Council, this test:___________
Answer:
lacks proven scientific worth.
Explanation:
Myers–Briggs Type Indicator: The term "Myers–Briggs Type Indicator" is also referred to as MBT, and is defined as one of the introspective questionnaires which involve self-report and therefore indicates various psychological preferences in the way different people are projected to perceive the surrounding world and based on that makes decisions.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is often considered as meaningless as it provides the psychologist or researcher with inaccurate and inappropriate results because it lacks scientific testing and therefore 50% of persons tend to produce different outcome while conducting the test in a gap of a few weeks.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a psychometric questionnaire that categorizes individuals into one of sixteen personality types based on their preferences for psychological functions. It is widely used in various settings including career counseling and education.
Explanation:The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. The assessment categorizes individuals into one of sixteen personality types based on their preferences for certain psychological functions like extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuiting, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. The MBTI is widely used in various settings such as career counseling, individual counseling, marriage counseling, and education.
Ian does not understand why he is stressed out. He begins each workday by having coffee and listening to his coworker's gossip. During work, Ian volunteers to lead new projects. After work, he goes to the gym and has dinner with friends before going home to bed. What can Ian do to restore balance in his life?
Answer:
Ian can avoid the coworkers who gossip to restore balance in his life.
Explanation:
The only habit that Ian seems to have which can be termed as unhealthy is that of listening to coworkers' gossip. When Ian listens or witnesses his coworkers gossiping about some or the other topic, his energy and focus get diverted to operations that are completely insignificant. The thoughts that the brain keeps processing unconsciously after listening to the gossip drain Ian's energy and make him feel stressed out.What is the process of removing all syntax and logical errors from a program in order to create a working program that accomplishes all intended tasks known as?
Answer: Debugging
Explanation:
Debugging is the process that is carried out for removal of all the faults and error of the program in computing field. Potential errors present in programs are know as bugs which are analysed and detected for elimination.
Debugging process provides assuring that incorrect instruction is not executed to produce invalid or incorrect results.Resolving the bug is the process through which correction in syntax and logic is made.
When Todd starts hyperventilating during independent work time, his teacher sends him out to the hallway to escape his hyperventilating and calm down. As a result, Todd now hyperventilates every time he is given independent seat work. This is an example of ______________
Answer:
negative reinforcement
Explanation:
Negative reinforcement is the term that has been widely used in the field of psychology under operant conditioning theory and was proposed by B. F. Skinner.
It is defined as a phenomenon that involves a particular behavior or a response which is being strengthened via removing, avoiding, or stopping a specific aversive stimulus or negative outcome or consequence. It is considered as most effective if a particular reinforcer is being presented or followed instantly by a behavior.
In reference to the question, the given statement is an example of negative reinforcement.
Jose is asked to complete an assessment measure that focuses on depression. The instructions given on the instrument state, "Rate each of the following items using the following scale: Always, Frequently, Sometimes, or Never.
" Which of the following types of assessment instruments is Jose being asked to complete?
A) Subjective response measure
B) Self-report measure
C) Clinician-rated measure
D) Objective response measure
Answer:
self-report measure
Sometimes, books and movies surprise and intrigue people because they depict characters who put their need for love and belongingness above their own safety. This is in contrast to the expected order in:__________.
Answer:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Explanation:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs: In psychology, the hierarchy of needs was proposed by Abraham Maslow and he has mentioned five distinct stages of needs in his theory that an individual goes through in life including physiological needs, safety needs, love, and belonging need, esteem needs, and self-actualization.
According to Maslow, an individual can move into the other stage of the hierarchy of needs once he or she has completed the previous needs.
In the question above, the given statement is in contrast to the expected order in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Kathy, a fashion model, witnessed a motor vehicle accident but did not stop because she was late for her pedicure and simply didn't want to get involved. Had she stopped, she could have saved the life of Tom, who was thrown from the car and landed in a water-filled ditch, without danger to herself. When Tom's widow hears that Kathy could have easily saved Tom's life but chose to ignore the situation, she sues Kathy. The state has no "Good Samaritan" laws or duty-to-assist laws, but such cases have been brought in the past. Which of the following will the court apply when making a decision in this case?
A) administrative law
B) statutory law
C) common law
D) equity law
Answer:
C) common law.
Explanation:
Common law is a system of law that is made by the judges decision to resolve issues In the law court. This kind of law is not based on written or legistrative law.
The court will apply the common law when making a decision in the case between Tom's widow and Kathy.
Answer:
id have to say C)common law
Explanation:
George Herbert Mead's proposal that the human mind and self arise in the process of social communication became the foundation of the symbolic interaction schools of thought in sociology and social psychology.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Symbolic interactionism: In social psychology and sociology, the term symbolic interactionism is defined as a micro-level theory that aims at the relationship between different individuals in a particular society.
George Herbert Mead has introduced the theory of symbolic interactionism. The theory of symbolic interactionism also involves one to one interactions and observations. It is responsible for explaining social behavior that is best described by the way two different individuals in a particular society through symbols.
In the question above, the given statement is true.
Mr. Jenkins is an avid reader of educational research. Mr. Jenkins is familiar with research in mathematics instruction which asserts a rapid pace of instruction increases achievement. Yet Mr. Jenkins students are in need of additional reinforcement of some key skills so he slows his instruction pace accordingly. Mr. Jenkins is demonstrating his ability to:
Answer: Common sense
Explanation:
Common sense is the sensible and sound approach for making decision, judgement, opting choice,perception, realization, understanding etc. that is made in any situation or matter.It determines sensibility of any person .
According to the question, Jenkins is displaying common sense by setting his instruction pace at slow mode for student even though he knows that fast pace of instruction is more favorable in achieving success.He understands student's need and thus uses his sensibility to work accordingly for extra reinforcement .
Mr. Jenkins demonstrates his ability to differentiate instruction by adjusting his teaching pace to reinforce key skills, despite research suggesting a faster pace aids achievement. This shows his respect for his students' learning needs and his dedication to their understanding of vital concepts.
Mr. Jenkins is demonstrating his ability to differentiate instruction based on his students' needs. Despite the research he has read suggesting a faster pace aids in academic achievement, he recognizes that his students require additional reinforcement of certain key skills. This insight prompts him to slow down his instructional pacing to ensure they sufficiently understand these skills before progressing.
Differentiated instruction is a teaching philosophy that acknowledges and respects the varied learning needs and styles of students in a classroom. It involves the modification of content, process, and product based on a student's readiness, interest, and learning profile. Mr. Jenkins leverages this approach effectively by adjusting his pace of instruction to make certain his students fully grasp fundamental concepts.
This adjustment aligns with the reference pointing out the need for exploring new techniques to stimulate love for learning and capacity for creation, reinforcing key concepts, and improving critical thinking skills through knowledge expansion. These actions build a supportive learning environment, establishing credibility and effectiveness as a teacher by adopting strategies that best serve his students' learning needs.
For similar questions on differentiate instruction
https://brainly.com/question/36969569
#SPJ12
Which statement is normative? a. Everyone in the United States deserves to be covered by national health insurance. b. The federal government spends half of its budget on national defense. c. A high rate of economic growth creates jobs. d. The rate of unemployment is 9%.
Answer:
Everyone in the United States deserves to be covered by national health insurance.
Explanation:
Quite simply, a normative statement answers "what should be?" In all 4 options, the statement 'a' is showing a person's opinion of how things should be. And that is what a normative statement is. When people give their opinions, and you cannot make sense whether they're right or wrong. They're simply put, perspectives.
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, the _____ refers to the interactions among systems.
Answer:
The correct answer to the following question will be "Mesosystem".
Explanation:
A part of Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory of ecosystem or ecological systems established in the 70s, is the Mesosystem.It suggests that infants or children who don't only cultivate by influencing their close family eco-surrounding environments are also influencing the children's development.Therefore, Mesosystem is the right answer.
If the price of pork rinds falls, the substitution effect due to the price change will cause:_______
a. a decrease in the quantity of pork rinds demanded.
b. an increase in the quantity of pork rinds demanded.
c. an increase in the demand for pork rinds.
d. an increase in the demand for corn chips, a substitute for pork rinds.
Answer:
A decrease in the quantity of pork rinds demanded
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The perspective that does not rigidly believe in any one theoretical perspective but considers multiple theories and selects the best features from each is known as ______ theoretical orientation.
Answer: Eclectic
Explanation: Eclectic theory employs a robust perspective which synergise various approaches at tackling or solving a particular problem by exploring multiple principles aimed at solving such problem. It deviates from a rather straightforward and specific approach. Eclectic theories are employed in psychological therapies, teaching and so on. They usually yield better and well rounded result due to their robust nature which combines the best features of multiple approaches suitable for a specific problem or treatment.
Sabiha is left-handed, and prefers left-handed men. She is going to be introduced to Wilbur. Left- handers comprise about 10 percent of the population. She has been truthfully informed that Wilbur is either a left-handed Chinese psycholinguist or a used car salesman from the Midwestern region of the United States. If Sabiha makes good use of base rates, which of the following outcomes should she expect?
A) Wilbur is a left-handed Chinese psycholinguist.
B) Wilbur is a new car salesman from the Midwestern region of the U.S.
C) She has been misinformed about Wilbur's existence as a crude statistical prank.
D) Wilbur is a used car salesman from the Midwestern region of the U.S. who also happens to be left- handed.
E) Wilbur is a Midwestern left-handed Chinese psycholinguist who works as a used car salesman in his spare time.
Answer:
D) Wilbur is a used car salesman from the Midwestern region of the U.S. who also happens to be left- handed.
Explanation:
Base rates are developed by the Bayes' Theorem. Base rates means to indicate the probability based on absence of any other information. It may be defined as the prior chance or the odds of a member to be of specified population who will have some basic characteristics based that we know nothing about the person apart from that he or she belongs to an examining population.
In the context, Sahiba is going to meet Mr. Wilbur whom she has very little knowledge. But Sahiba is a left handed person and she likes left handed people. She is aware that there are around ten percent of left handers in the population. Now using her base rate knowledge, Sahiba expects that Wilbur to be lefft handed person and is working as a salesman of used car in the Midwestern region of U.S.
Hence the correct option is (D).
Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is: A. standardization. B. predictive validity. C. face validity. D. reliability.
Answer: A) Standardization
Explanation:
Standardization is defined as the process through which standards and guidelines are set for any process or task to take place.These established norms are the base through which tool assessment is done through testing ,comparison and evaluation to know about performance and consistency of tool.
Other options are incorrect because reliability describes dependency, predictive validity and face validity are used for defining validity of the tool in terms of prediction and efficiency .Thus,the correct option is option(A).
The law-making function lies in which body of government in the United States? A. Judicial B. Legislative C. Executive D. None of these cj 100
What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?
Answer: The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.
An airplane pitches nose-down when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted due to the loss of lift from decreased airflow over the wings and the elimination of the nose-up moment created by engine thrust.
Explanation:When power is reduced on an airplane and the controls are not adjusted, the aircraft pitches nose-down mainly due to the reduction in the thrust that was previously counteracting some of the weight of the aircraft and providing upward lift through increased airflow over the wings. Most airplanes have their engines mounted beneath the wings, which means when thrust is applied, it creates a moment that pitches the nose up. Conversely, when power is cut, that moment disappears, and the natural balance of forces causes the nose to tip downward as the lift is diminished more quickly than the drag, leading to a decrease in altitude. This effect is connected to the fundamental principles of flight, where thrust, lift, weight, and drag all play crucial roles in maintaining steady flight. The reduction of thrust directly affects lift when power is cut, emphasizing the importance of a pilot's ability to manage the aircraft's energy and maintain control.
An employee working in a payroll department uses a customized program to keep track of the hours employees have worked. The customized program is an example of _____. hardware software
Answer: Software
Explanation:
According to the given question, the employees basically works on the payroll department and it uses the various types of customized programs for keep tracking the working hours of the employees.
So, the customized program is one of the example of the software as it helps in developing the various types of specific functions and the efficient characteristics based o the customers requirements.
The main advantage of the customized software is that it helps in the development process and it is cost effective, personalization, integration. Therefore, Software is the correct answer.
The interactional approach assumes thata. situational and personal variables are codeterminants of behaviorb. personality interacts with the psychological core to determine behaviorc. highly aggressive people, for example, will usually react in an aggressive manner when placed in an aggressive situationd. a and ce. a and b
Answer:
d. a and c
Explanation:
Interactional approach: The term interactional approach is defined as a phenomenon that considers the situational influence as well as the psychological traits on an individual's behavior. These two different aspects tend to mix with each other and therefore capable of altering an individual's behavior.
In other words, an individual's situational or environmental influences and psychological traits interact with each other in a unique pattern and hence sculpt his or her behavior.
In the question above, the correct answer is option "d".
Seth failed to put away his bicycle at night as he was supposed to. His father told him that he would not be allowed to ride his bicycle for one week. Seth's father tried to change Seth's behavior by using_________________
Answer:
Punishment
Explanation:
Punishment is an imposing penalty on a person who conducts an offense. Punishment can be in a different form. It is a proverb for punishment that an eye for an eye. But it is not a must in every situation it works. Because it is explained that the reverse punishment does not always seem right for action.
But it comes in favor of children it is not up to date that every punishment is right for children. Discipline is different and punishment is different. Many of the parents want to encourage their children's behavior when it is socially accepted but always want to decrease or remove that behavior which is not socially accepted.
Thus here Seth is failed to put his bicycle away because his father told him that he won't ride a bicycle. Seth's behavior is changed by using punishment.