Between 1890 and 1906, every southern state attempted to enact laws and constitutional provisions meant to eliminate the black vote. Identify the methods and laws implemented to disenfranchise African-Americans and, to a lesser extent, poor whites.
Answer:
Methods and laws implemented to disenfranchise African Americans between 1890 and 1906 were:
-Poll tax
-Educational and character requirements
-Grandfather Clause
-Eight box law
-White primaries
Explanation:
Disenfranchisement was based on a series of laws, new constitutions and practices in the South that were deliberately used to prevent African American from registering to vote and voting. From 1890 to 1908, Southern states legislature passed new constitutions, constitution amendments and laws that made voting more difficult especially when administered by white staff in a discriminatory way. Disenfranchisement was successful as black citizens and poor whites in the South's voters roll dropped dramatically.
Match the following joint with its description. A. Sternoclavicular B. Glenohumeral C. Acromioclavicular
Answer:
Explanation:
Option A (Sternoclavicular Joint), also know as Sternoclavicular atriculation is the joint found within the shoulder between the manubrium of the sternum and clavicle bone.
Option B (Glenohumeral Joint) , this a major shoulder joint, connecting the upper limb to the trunk of the body, its a ball and socket joint between the scapula and humerus.
Option C ( Acromioclavicular Joint), this a joint in the shoulder where two joints meet, the first bone is the scapula and second is collarbone, the scapula is the big one that still connects to the other part of the shoulder joint.
Although U.S. middle school students may lag behind their Japanese counterparts in international algebra tests, the differences disappear on later tests due to the greater comparative effectiveness of U.S. colleges:__________
Answer: The United States has several universities that are among the listings of the best universities in the world.
Explanation:
While it is true that it may seem that the Japanese are more advanced when it comes to algebra tests, which indicate that their secondary education is much better than that of the United States, at the time of going to the university level, this country gives the size and gets to overcome it.
The United States has a series of high houses of studies which have great recognition not only nationally, but also internationally. It is common to read in the news and in various media, as students graduated from prestigious universities in the United States are changing the world.
The processes to enter one of the great universities of the United States require not only good grades but a set of skills that allows demonstrating that the person can be part of such a prestigious place. The person who enters the elite of the renowned universities of the United States knows that the quality of the teaching it will receive will not be in vain.
These research universities are at the forefront. The research contributes to the growth of a country and not for nothing the United States is considered the first world power. Knowledge is created in these amazing places, giving way to others trying to keep up.
It cannot be denied the quality of these universities in the United States, many are those who talk about the content and practices that are given to throw a series of people trained to change society for good.
Which of the placemarks in the Alpine Landforms folder represents an arête?
A. E
B. C
C. B
D. D
The Answer is option (B) C
Explanation:
An arête is a derived from a french word which means "ridge".It can be defined as a narrow ridge of rock that seperates the heads of opposing valleys known as cirques
An example of arête formation is a pyramidal peak called the Matterhorn. Which is located in the Alps on the border of Switzerland and Italy.
As Dave is swimming at the local pool, he notices the woman swimming in the lane next to him slips as she tries to get out of the pool. He thinks, "She is trying to get out of the pool too fast." Dave then also slips as he tries to get out of the pool and thinks, "Wow, this poolside sure is slippery!" Here, the difference in explanation is an example of the:
Answer: Fundamental attribution error.
Explanation: Fundamental attribution error can be explained as an inclination of thought which explains other peoples behavior, attitude or actions based on internal factors such as personality while given very little possibility to the fact that those actions or attitudes could have been triggered due to external influences caused by physical or situational factors such as weather and so on.
In the scenario above, Dave attributed the woman's slip to internal factor of being too fast without considering that the surface might be slippery(external factor) which he later realized when he slipped.
Examples of ______ include the breakdown of glucose by cells to provide energy, the bonding of oxygen to hemoglobin, and the digestion of your meal by your gastrointestinal tract.
Answer: Chemistry
Explanation: Chemistry often times refered to as central science provides come grounds for both basic and applied sciences. Chemistry is basically involved in everything we do daily. A typical example is the chemical reactions that takes place in our body; breakdown of glucose by cells to release energy, bonding of oxygen to hemoglobin, digestion of food by the gastrointestinal tract etc.
The question is describing biochemical reactions, which are crucial for life. Examples are the breakdown of glucose for energy, oxygen binding to hemoglobin, and food digestion by the gastrointestinal tract.
Explanation:The above question is describing the concept of biochemical reactions, which are fundamental to life processes. Examples given include the breakdown of glucose by cells to provide energy, which occurs during the process of cellular respiration. The bonding of oxygen to hemoglobin is another biochemical reaction that helps transport oxygen through the body. Lastly, when you consume food, your gastrointestinal tract breaks it down into simpler molecules in a series of biochemical reactions referred to as digestion. Each of these examples represents complicated interactions of various biomolecules within a living organism.
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By the start of the Warring States period, regional leaders in China undertook large local engineering projects, like irrigation systems. Why is this considered evidence that the power of regional governments was growing at the expense of the Zhou central government?
Answer:
It is evidence that local leaders controlled both the engineering expertise and the tribute labor that the Zhou government had once controlled.
Explanation:
Before the Warring States period, the local leaders were the one in control of both the engineering expertise and the tribute labor. This meant that the regional government, though present at that time, did not have sufficient power to control these. However, during he Warring States period, they began to take large local engineering projects.
The initiation of local engineering projects by regional governments during the Warring States period indicated their growing power. These projects required significant resources and organizational skills, demonstrating their economic and administrative capacities typically associated with central governments. This further helped to legitimize their authority over the declining Zhou central government.
The undertaking of large local engineering projects like irrigation systems is considered evidence of the growing power of regional governments over the central Zhou government during the Warring States period because such projects demonstrated these government's autonomy and self-sufficiency. The implementation of complex projects required significant resources and organizational capabilities, indicating that regional leaders were gaining the economic and administrative capacities typically associated with centralized governments. Additionally, these developments provided immediate and tangible benefits to local populations, helping to legitimize regional authority and undermine the influence of the Zhou central government.
The rise of these regional powers and the concurrent decline of the Zhou central government would sow the seeds for the next phase of Chinese history, the Imperial period which saw the reestablishment of a strong centralized governance under a single ruling dynasty.
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Raul is attending a workshop, but he is having difficulty hearing the speaker because the people behind him are talking. What type of barrier to effective listening is Raul experiencing?
a.Psychological barrier
b.Nonverbal distraction
c.Grandstanding
d.Physical barrier
Answer:
Physical barrier
Explanation:
A physical barrier is any barrier to communication that is caused by a natural and/or environmental condition and affects how the communication when sending a message to a receiver. In this case, the noise from the people talking behind Raul acts as a environmental condition and is affected the way in which information from the speaker gets to Raul.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Physical barrier
The physical barrier is the environmental ,natural condition and physical factors that act as a barrier in communication in sending a message from sender to receiver.
in the case of Raul (receiver)attending a workshop and having difficulty hearing the speaker(sender sending a message) because the people behind him are talking (physical barrier)
_____ is a systematic procedure for helping people change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior.
Therapy is a systematic approach used to help people alter abnormal behavior into more normal behavior through various forms including psychoanalysis, CBT, and PCT. It targets the symptoms and root issues causing the psychological illness.
Therapy is a systematic procedure for helping people change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior. This involves several approaches, such as psychoanalysis, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and person-centered therapy among others. The goal is to address both the symptomatic behavior and the underlying cognitive and emotional issues that may be maintaining or perpetuating the psychological illness.
CBT, in particular, combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to improve psychological symptoms. It helps in changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors that influence psychopathology. Psychotherapy, a broader term, refers to the professional treatment for psychological disorder through techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into the problems.
Person-centered therapy (PCT), another therapeutic approach, focuses on resolving inconsistencies between behavior and personal identity, fostering self-worth and comfortable self-exploration.
Complete Question:
content loaded
_____ is a systematic procedure for helping people change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior.
Psychiatric adjustment
Therapy
Psychopathology
Eccentricity
Ting has formed a theory that playing video games improves visual attention. The first thing he does to test this theory is conduct a literature review of his topic. What should Ting do next?
Explanation:
In any research work there is procedure of the processes conducted. In the procedure once the literature review is done the next of the process is
Developing a Testable hypothesis:
An example of this can be while checking the performance of the students in a class the testable hypothesis can be that the students who attended the class performed better than student who skip and this testable as it possible to compare the grades of the student who attended the class and student who skipped it.
After a literature review, Ting should design a detailed research project that includes clear variables, a sample, measurement methods, and an experimental design to test his theory on video games improving visual attention.
After completing a literature review, Ting should next design a research project and plan the methodology to test his theory about the relationship between video games and visual attention. To do this effectively, Ting should determine his research variables, choose an appropriate sample for the study, devise a means to measure visual attention, and outline the procedures for conducting the experiment. Further, Ting could identify a suitable experimental or non-experimental research design based on his findings from the literature review.
Furthermore, Ting must ensure his research design adequately addresses ethical concerns and provides a clear method for data analysis. Ting may also consider publishing his results in a journal article, which would involve explaining his research question, theoretical framework, methods, and findings thoroughly so that peers in the field can evaluate and build upon his work.
By following these steps, Ting would move from preliminary research to conducting an actual study that can contribute valuable data to the field of cognitive psychology or gaming studies.
The __________ clause of the U.S. Constitution implies that when there is a power struggle between the federal government and a state government, the federal government triumphs.
Answer:
Supremacy clause
Explanation:
The Supremacy clause of the US Constitution states that Federal laws and Federal Constitution are superior to, and take priority over, State laws and State Constitution.
Therefore, in cases of a standoff between Federal and State Government, the Federal government triumphs.
The Supremacy Clause in Article VI of the U.S. Constitution declares that federal laws prevail over state laws in case of conflict, asserting the dominance of federal authority.
The Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution implies that when there is a power struggle between the federal government and a state government, the federal government triumphs.
Found in Article VI, this clause establishes the Constitution, laws passed by Congress, and treaties made by the federal government as the supreme law of the land. In case of any conflicts, federal authority supersedes state authority.
This is particularly relevant when discussing the powers of Congress as outlined in Article I, which includes the "necessary and proper" clause allowing for the expansion of Congressional powers to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities.
Professor Kellogg calculates the grades on the first exam for her statistics class. She finds that students did really well, with most students scoring 98 or higher. What type of distribution is Professor Kellogg MOST likely to have?
Answer: Cieling effect
Explanation:
Cieling effect occurs when there's a recorded high margin in scores in a particular subject by students.
Professor Kellogg MOST likely to have a Cieling effect.
Final answer:
Professor Kellogg's statistics class scores, with most students scoring 98 or higher, suggest a positive skewed distribution, indicating the exam may have been too easy.
Explanation:
If Professor Kellogg finds that most students in her statistics class scored 98 or higher on the first exam, she is most likely observing a skewed distribution. In a normal distribution, most scores cluster around the mean, with fewer scores at the extremes. However, if a significant number of students score very high, with scores densely packed at the upper end, this creates positive skewness. Such a distribution differs from the expected normal distribution, where grades would be more evenly spread across low, medium, and high scores. Skewed distributions occur when the dataset's values stretch more towards one side of the scale than the other, suggesting in this context that the exam may have been too easy for the majority of the class.
Actual possession exists when a person has something under his or her direct physical control. _____ possession is a more difficult concept because it is based on a legal fiction.
Answer:
Constructive.Explanation:
Constructive possession is a legal process that provides prosecutors the right to convict charges against potential offenders with possession charges though no illegal possessions were physically found during the time of investigation.
This process tries to establish charges against potential offenders with the idea that the convicts have the potential and intent to possess illegal possessions. Though no actual possessions are apprehended, an individual with constructive possession can be convicted with charges in a court.
________ say that guards should be authoritarian and prisoners should be submissive, which is exactly how they were in the Stanford prison experiment.
The subject of this question is Social Studies. It references the Stanford Prison Experiment, which examined the behavior of participants playing the roles of prisoners and guards. The experiment demonstrated the power of social roles and norms to influence behavior.
Explanation:The subject of this question is Social Studies. It refers to the Stanford Prison Experiment, which is a well-known psychological study conducted at Stanford University in 1971.
The experiment involved assigning participants to the roles of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison environment. The guards were given authoritarian power, while the prisoners were expected to be submissive. The experiment resulted in the participants behaving in ways that aligned with these roles, with the guards becoming increasingly sadistic and the prisoners exhibiting signs of severe anxiety and hopelessness.
However, it is important to note that the Stanford Prison Experiment has been subject to criticism regarding its methodology and ethical concerns. Some argue that the behavior observed may have been influenced by the expectations set by the researchers.
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What concept is illustrated by the following study? Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red X moved across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it.
Answer: Inattentional blindness
Explanation: This kind of blindness does not occur due to some defect in the organic sense, so everything is okay with the eyes, it is blindness that arises as a psychological effect. For this reason, this blindness is also known as perceptual blindness because it arises as the result of the perception of one who observes, therefore, attention is directed to another object, in this case black and white. Therefore, since all the attention are directed at the observation of another black white and objects, when something that is not initially indicated to be observed appears, like red X, it escapes attention, that is, the observer is inattentionally "blind" to that unexpected object. This is, therefore, a rejection of something that is unexpected, though completely visible, because the task given has drawn all our attention to other objects or the other side.
The study illustrates a psychological concept known as Inattentional Blindness, where subjects did not notice the red X moving on the screen as they were mainly focused on identifying either black or white objects.
Explanation:The concept illustrated by this study is known as Inattentional Blindness. Basically, Inattentional Blindness refers to the inability to recognize visual stimuli that appear in one's field of vision when one is focused on another task. So, in this study, participants were so focused on identifying either white or black objects that they failed to notice the red X moving across the screen. This is an example of Inattentional Blindness.
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A standard policy of title insurance covers all of the following EXCEPT: (a)unrecorded liens. (b)incorrectly given marital status. (c)incompetent grantor. (d)forged deed.
A standard policy of title insurance covers all of the following EXCEPT "unrecorded liens".
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Title insurance covers all property owners and borrowers against damage or loss arising from liens, liabilities or deficiencies in a property's title or property's possession.
In general, a standard title insurance policy would cover the applicant against damages resulting from title errors such as:
Forged documents such as deeds, dower releases, mortgages;Undisclosed heirs; Capacity deficient (minors); Wrong legal understanding of wills; Incomplete records, unwanted acknowledgments; Misunderstanding arising from name similarities; Wrong marital status and intellectual incompetence.The _________ is dependent on interviews of the samples of the U.S. population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization, and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.
Answer: National Crime Victimization survey.
Explanation:
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is administered by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and it is a national survey of carried out in approximately 49,000 to 77,400 households two times in a year in the United States to collect data on the frequent occurrence of crime victimization, including properties and consequences of victimization.
NCVS is used the measure reported and unreported victimization. It is primarily the source of data for crime victimization. It has four primary objectives:
- help in development of detailed information about victims.
- determine the number of crimes not reported to the police.
- determine uniform measures for specific types of crimes.
- Enable comparison between various types and areas.
Lets assume that the data from a recent study indicate that there is a strong relationship between test scores and amount of time spent watching television. Students who watch more television tend to perform worse on tests. Which of the following BEST represents the relationship just described?
Select one:
A. +.30
B. -.83
C. -.25
D. +.74
Answer:
B. -.83
Explanation:
The result from the study of the data is negatively correlated, thus a correlation coefficient of -0.83 is the best representation of the relationship between television watching and test performance.
Correlation is simply the relationship between two variables. Correlation can be positive if an increase in one variable results in an increase in the other or it can be negative if an increase in one variable results in a decrease in the other. Example, an increase in television watching duration resulting in a decrease in test score is a negative correlation.
The professor told the class that a speaker should be willing to listen to opposing views and learn about different values and beliefs. Which process is the professor discussing?
Answer:
Accommodation.
Explanation:
The theory of communication accommodation elaborates how the human adjust their behavior during social interaction. This behavior explains why the social differences among the participants are controlled and the sender portrays a positive image to increase the effectiveness of the communication process.
A function within a project plan that shows a list of project tasks that must be completed on time, so that a delay does not delay the overall project. a. Gantt chart b. POAM c. Milestone plan chart d. Critical path chart
Answer:
The correct option is D: Critical Path
Explanation:
The critical path of a project encompasses a list of task linked in such a way that they directly impact the finish date of the project. No task on the critical path is expected to be late, else the whole project will also be late. It also shows the tasks which has to be completed timely in order for a project to also finish on the scheduled date.
The psychologist who took the position that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes was:________
A. Abraham Maslow
B. B. F. Skinner
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Carl Rogers
Answer:
B. B. F. Skinner.
Explanation:
B. F. Skinner was an American psychologist and behaviorist, famously known for his theory of Operant Conditioning. According to this theory, people's learning is dependent upon reward and punishment for their behavior.
He, in his theory, proved that our actions are not the result of our consciousness but external stimuli. Meaning that people repeat those actions which bring positive outcomes or rewards; they will avoid repeating those actions which involve punishment or negative responses.
So, the correct answer is option B.
B. F. Skinner
Explanation:The psychologist who took the position that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes was B. F. Skinner. Skinner was a behaviorist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, which suggests that behaviors are reinforced or weakened based on their consequences. He believed that positive outcomes increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, while negative or neutral outcomes decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
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In the United States, bankruptcy laws are regulated by _____.
A) the federal government only
B) individual states only
C) the federal government and the states
D) federal district courts
The correct answer is letter C
Explanation: The bankruptcy laws are ruled by the federal government and the states, so they take care and are responsible for handling those laws, also for enforcing them when necessary enforcing the laws.
Answer:
C) the federal government and the states
Melissa believes there is a correlation between temperature and the number of cars in the city. She is more likely to take note of and remember incidents that support her belief, even if the relationship does not actually exist. This is known as a(n) _____ correlation.
Answer: illusory
Explanation: Illusory correlation occurs when making a non-existent relationship between two variables. When an individual tries to establish a perceived relationship between two events or variables. This perceived relationship is usually used to support the individual's belief and thus a a non-existent association is established when such perceived relationship occurs. In illusory correlation, when occurrences which negates the individual's belief occurs, the individual does remember or tends to such instances and only those scenarios which supports her perception is embraced.
Answer:
Illusory correlation
Explanation:
Illusory Correlation
Illusory correlation is the act of assuming that a relationship exists between two variables that are really not related. Melissa believing that there is a correlation between temperature and the number of cars in the city, even if the relationship does not actually exist is a clasical example of illusory correlation She could now be seeing the likelihood of such a belief by basically imagining incidents that support her idea.
Please i ask what rrelationship has this two variables the temperature and the number of cars in the city.
Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on homosexual behavior. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective
Answer: Behavioural genetics
Explanation:
Behavioral genetics is the study of genetic and environmental influences on behaviors. This is the perspective of Professor Brody's research.
In a controlled experiment, ________.
A. the researcher knows the outcome before beginning the experiment
B. you need only a single experimental organism which is tested again and again
C. the researcher has several hypotheses, one of which will be proven correct
D. the researcher controls for the effects of all variables except one
E. the researcher controls for the effects of only one variable
Answer:
D. the researcher controls for the effects of all variables except one.
Explanation:
Controlled experiment refers to an empirical test that is manipulated directly by a scientist to test a single variable at one point in time. The testing variable is the independent variable which is manipulated to see the effects on the system under observation. To minimize the effects of controlled variable on the subject, the controlled variables are controlled accordingly.
In a controlled experiment, the researcher controls for the effects of all variables except one. This allows the researcher to draw conclusions about the relationship between the manipulated variable and observed outcomes.
Explanation:In a controlled experiment, the researcher controls for the effects of all variables except one. This means that all other variables are kept constant or controlled to ensure that any changes or outcomes observed are a result of the manipulated variable. This allows the researcher to draw conclusions about the relationship between the manipulated variable and the observed outcomes.
For example, let's say a researcher wants to test the effects of temperature on plant growth. They would set up two groups of plants: one group exposed to a high temperature and another group kept at a normal temperature. All other factors, such as light, water, and soil, would be kept constant throughout the experiment. By controlling for the effects of all variables except temperature, the researcher can determine the specific impact of temperature on plant growth.
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Why does Crooks ask Lennie to suppose a situation in which George does not return and Lennie is left alone?
Answer:
Crook asks Lennie to suppose the situation because he is jealous and wants to both hurt and frighten Lennie.
Explanation:
The book is of Mice and Men which tells the story of George and Lennie who are two ranch workers that have been displaced and are moving through California looking for job opportunities.
Crooks asks Lennie to imagine a scenario where George does not return and Lennie is left alone to underscore his own feelings of loneliness and vulnerability. It is a way for Lennie to understand the importance of companionship, and the possible harshness of life without it.
In John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, Crooks asks Lennie to suppose a scenario wherein George does not return and Lennie is left alone in order to drive home a point about loneliness and vulnerability. Crooks is attempting to share his own feelings of isolation and helplessness with Lennie and to make him understand how tough life can become when you are alone. The scenario is an attempt to communicate the severity of this loneliness and vulnerability that comes with a lack of companionship.
Crooks chooses this hypothetical situation because he knows it is a circumstance that could genuinely frighten Lennie and push him to appreciate his friendship with George. He urges Lennie to understand that without George, he could be subjected to abuse or indifference, as Crooks himself is.
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Which composer in the late Middle Ages presented beautifully decorated copies of his music and poetry to noble patrons?
Answer:
Guillaume De machaut
Explanation:
Guillaume De Machaut was the French musician and composer who was regarded as the most important composer during the Middle Ages. The Middle Age poet, Geoffrey Chaucer, was inspired by his writings; he also imitated his works.
During the Middle Ages, Machaut was regarded as a Master of French versification by his contemporaries.
Messe de Nostre Dame was composed by Machaut in 1365. This composition is considered the masterpiece of the Middle Ages as it consists of a complete set of Ordinary of the Mass. The composition is attributed to a single composer only, Machaut.
Machaut used to travel to many courts and would present his beautifully decorated musical copies to the noble patrons.
U-Can-Own-It Corporation sells appliances to less educated consumers, including Viv, on installment plans. U-Can-Own-It files a suit against Viv when she stops making payments. Viv claims that the deal is unconscionable. The court will most likely consider ________.
Answer: The parties' relative bargaining power.
Jordan was visiting a tribal village in the Las Perlas islands. When it came time for sleep, he asked where his bed was and mimicked going to sleep. His host kept pointing to the same room, but Jordan kept asking again because he did not see a bed in the room. His host finally went in and laid down on a reed mat on the floor and pretended to sleep. Jordan's confusion occurred because a reed mat lacked the defining features, or _____, to fit in his category for beds.
a) attributes
b) rules
c) size
d) comforts
Answer:A) Attributes
Explanation: Attribute is a term used to describe the features or characteristics of a particular Object, events or particular subject.
Attribute is what differentiate something or events from another, Jordan's confusion was as a result of the attributes of the Reed mat is not the same as the attributes of Beds and it doesn't fit in his category for beds. Jordan has a prototype knowledge of what Beds look like he already knew that Reeds lacks the features of Bed.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Attribures
An attribute is explain the quality or characteristic of a person, place, or thing. Real life individuals and fictional characters possess various attributes.
Jordan had in mind that a bed will be one of the attributes in the room. He was not expecting a reed mat which does not have the characteristics of a bed. A bed a a mattress maybe soft and it is not on the hard floor.
Steve regularly surprises his wife, Marla, with flowers and gifts and always tries to make her feel special by taking her out to fancy restaurants and on holidays. However, he feels that his wife takes him for granted and does not truly appreciate what he does for her. According to the social exchange theory, __________.
Answer:
Steve's costs are greater than his rewards.
Explanation:
The Social Exchange Theory, as it's name suggests, uses a cost-benefit analysis, which determines outcomes and relationships measured in costs, benefits and rewards from any type of interaction between two parties. This theory is used by both sociologists and psychologists to study the behavior of the two selected parties, groups or individuals. Now, in this case, Steve's costs are greater than his rewards given that he makes the effort to surpise Marla, going out of his way to try and make her happy. But, given that he feels that he is taken for granted, one could argue that, effectively, his costs are greater than his rewards.