Answer and Explanation:
Date Account Title and Explanation Debit Credit
Feb 1 Treasury Stock (2000*$19) $38,000
Cash (2000*$19) $38,000
(Repurchased 2,000 treasury stock @ $19 per)
Mar 1 Cash (870*$17) $14,790
Retained Earning {870*($19-$17)} $1,740
Treasury Stock(870*$19) $16,530
(Reissued 870 out of 2000 treasury stock @ $17 per)
Mar 18 Cash (530*$13) $6,890
Retained Earning {530*($19-$13)} $3,180
Treasury Stock(530*$19) $10,070
(Reissued 530 out of 2000 treasury stock @ $13 per)
Apr 22 Cash (510*$21) $10,710
Treasury Stock(510*$19) $9,690
Paid in Capital from Treasury Stock{510*($21-$19)} $1,020
(Reissued 510 out of 2000 treasury stock @ $17 per)
NOTE : loss of sale should be charges from Retained Earning.
Holly's Ham, Inc. sells hams during the major holiday seasons. During the current year 11,000 hams were sold resulting in $220,000 of sales revenue, $55,000 of variable costs, and $24,000 of fixed cost. How many units must be sold to make $63,000?
a. 5,800
b. 17,400
c. 4,320
d. 3,600
The supply function for good X is given by Qxs = 1,000 + PX - 5PY - 2PW, where PX is the price of X, PY is the price of good Y and PW is the price of input W. If the price of input W increases by $10, then the supply of good X
Answer:
Will increase by 10 units
Explanation:
Given the formula for quantity supplied Qxs = 1,000 + PX - 5PY - 2PW
We are told to gauge the effect of increase in input (W) on quantity supplied (Qxs)
So assuming this protein of the equation is constant
1,000 + PX - 5PY= k
That is there is no change in price of X and Y
Qxs= k- P(W)
So it can be seen that an increase in P(W) is a negative change in the equation
Qxs k - ∆10
Resulting in reduction in Qxs by 10
You short sold 1,100 shares of stock at a price of $29 and an initial margin of 55 percent. If the maintenance margin is 40 percent, at what share price will you receive a margin call? What is your account equity at this stock price?
Answer:
No of stock = 1100
Price of Stock = 29
Short sale = 31900
Initial Margin % = 55%
Initial Margin = 17545
Total value = 49445
The earnings of the sale is 31900, which is deposited in our account for a total account value of $49,445 (31900+55%)
Maintenance Margin = 40%
Margin Call Value = 49445/ (1+0.4)
Margin Call Value = 35317.86
Price per share = 35317.86 / 1100
Price per share = 32.11
So a margin call will be triggered when the price of the shorted security rises to $32.11
Margin Call Price = 32.11
Account Equity = 32.11*1100
Account Equity = 35318
An assumption that makes an economic model simpler without affecting its conclusions in important ways is A. an indication of a positive assumption B. an efficient assumption C. useful in disguising the valid conclusions D. a simplifying assumption E. a critical assumption
Answer:
An assumption that makes an economic model simpler without affecting its conclusions in important ways is, D. simplifying assumption.
Explanation:
Every economic model begins with assumptions about the world. There are two types of assumptions in a model: simplifying assumptions and critical assumptions. A simplifying assumption is just what it sounds like—a way of making a model simpler without affecting any of its important conclusions.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A simplifying assumption is a way of making a model simpler without affecting any of its important conclusions. The purpose of a simplifying assumption is to rid a model of extraneous detail so its essential features can stand out more clearly. We might assume that there are only two goods that households can choose from or that there are only two nations in the world. We make
such assumptions not because they are true, but because they make a model easier
to follow and do not change any of the important insights we can get from it.
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of permitting auditors to provide nonaudit services (such as tax services) to clients?
Final answer:
Permitting auditors to provide nonaudit services to clients has advantages such as convenience, better understanding of the client's business, and cost efficiency. However, there are disadvantages including conflict of interest, reduced skepticism, and perception of bias.
Explanation:
Permitting auditors to provide nonaudit services, such as tax services, to clients has both advantages and disadvantages. Some advantages include:
Convenience: Clients can have their auditing and tax needs addressed by the same firm, saving time and effort in engaging multiple service providers.Better understanding of the client's business: By providing nonaudit services, auditors gain a deeper understanding of the client's financial operations, which can enhance the quality of their auditing services.Cost efficiency: Bundling audit and nonaudit services may result in cost savings for clients.However, there are also disadvantages to permitting auditors to provide nonaudit services:
Conflict of interest: Providing nonaudit services to clients may compromise the independence and objectivity of auditors, especially if the nonaudit services are lucrative.Reduced skepticism: Auditors may become less skeptical when auditing their own tax advice or nonaudit services, which can potentially result in lower quality audits.Perception of bias: Clients and stakeholders may perceive a lack of independence if the same firm provides both audit and nonaudit services, raising doubts about the credibility of the financial statements.On March 12, Medical Waste Services provides services on account to Grace Hospital for $9,200, terms 3/10, n/30. Grace pays for those services on March 20. Required: For Medical Waste Services, record the service on account on March 12 and the collection of cash on March 20. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
Answer:
The journal entries are as follows:
(i) On March 12,
Accounts receivable A/c Dr. $9,200
To service revenue A/c $9,200
(To record the rendered service to Grace hospital)
(ii) On March 20,
Cash A/c Dr. $8,924
Discount allowed A/c Dr. $276
To Accounts Receivable A/c $9,200
(To record the cash received within discount period)
Workings:
Discount allowed = 3% of $9,200
= $276
Preparation of the journal entries
Mar-12
Dr Accounts receivable $9,200
Cr Service revenue $9,200
(To record service revenue)
Mar-20
Dr Cash $8,924
(97%×$9,200)
Dr Discount and allowances $276
(3%×$9,200)
Cr Accounts receivable $9,200
(To record collection from receivables)
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A job cost sheet is a form prepared for each separate job that records the materials, labour, and overhead costs charged to the job. True or False
Answer:
True
Explanation:Job cost sheet - it is formed that consists of all details related to the job profile like material, overhead cost, etc.
It is considered an important part of the job which keeps an updated accounting record. it includes the manufacturing cost record and it used in the end process to compute and finalized the cost of product and service.
The European Union (EU) a. allows trade across country borders without tariffs b. was dissolved under the Geneva Convention c. is an abbreviation for the act of state doctrine d. Both allows trade across country borders without tariffs and was dissolved under the Geneva Convention
Answer:
a. allows trade across country borders without tariffs
Explanation:
The geneve convention was about military rules to protect human rights and i was signed on 1949
While the European Union or Eurozone is a free-trade zone where the factors are free to move cross the members and the union. This, was the EU main goal. To eestimulate trade among the members and create a better monetary policy through the adoption of a single currency (Euro)
Final answer:
The European Union (EU) enables trade across member country borders without tariffs and is not dissolved; rather, it continues to promote economic integration among European countries.
Explanation:
The European Union (EU) is best described as an option (a): it allows trade across country borders without tariffs. The EU was established in the years following World War II with the purpose of tying European economies together to avoid future conflicts. It began as a free trade association and evolved into a full economic union. One of its key achievements was the introduction of a common currency, the euro, which replaced many national currencies like the German mark and the French franc, though some member states retained their own currency. A crucial aspect of the EU is its efforts to eliminate barriers to the free movement of goods, labor, and capital across Europe.
It is important to clarify that the EU was not dissolved under the Geneva Convention, and it is not an abbreviation for the act of state doctrine. Moreover, while the United Kingdom voted to leave the EU, an event known as Brexit, the EU itself remains active and continues its mission to foster economic cooperation among its member states.
Internal resources, such as the legal department, training department, information technology department, tend to be under-utilized, leading to a death spiral, when: a. the internal pricing system utilizes full costs b. All of the answers are correct c. managers may decide to reduce the quantity of services used d. the internal pricing system seeks to recover sunk costs e. managers may choose whether to purchase the service internally or externally
Answer:
b. All of the answers are correct.
Explanation:
Death Spiral is a situation when a company's goods or services produced are declining and fixed cost is same. The company will be exposed to a burden of fixed cost if its output is reduced.
In this question the various departments of a company are underutilized. The fixed price allocated to each department will be same hence creating a burden on a company's funds. Managers may decide to reduce the services they use to reduce the cost of their department. The internal pricing system will start recovering the sunk cost of company. Managers will also consider purchasing services internally or externally whichever is cost effective. All of the statements are correct there b is correct option.
On June 30, Coral, Inc. finished Job 750 with total job costs of $ 4 comma 500, and transferred the costs to Finished Goods Inventory. On July 6, Coral sold goods to a customer for $ 5 comma 500 cash. Which of the following is the correct journal entry to record the cost of goods sold? Assume the perpetual inventory system is used. A. debit Finished Goods Inventory $ 4 comma 500 and credit Cost of Goods Sold $ 4 comma 500 B. debit Cost of Goods Sold $ 4 comma 500 and credit Finished Goods Inventory $ 4 comma 500 C. debit Cost of Goods Sold $ 4 comma 500 and credit WorkminusinminusProcess Inventory $ 4 comma 500 D. debit WorkminusinminusProcess Inventory $ 4 comma 500 and credit Cost of Goods Sold $ 4 comma 500
Answer:
B. debit Cost of Goods Sold $ 4,500 and credit Finished Goods Inventory $ 4,500
Explanation:
The cost of goods sold will be 4,500 cost of the job 750
We are going to debit the cost of good sold for the amount it cost to make job 750
and credit the finished goods inventory as the amount of goods available for sale decreases.
When we sale we deliver an asset of ours (finished goods) thus, we have to make it decrease.
The rate of return available on the next best investment alternative for the saver refers to the discount cost of funds. True False
Answer:
True because cost of funds to company are the required return of the investors so saying that the rate of return used for investment appraisal is discount rate(discount cost of funds) derived from the Dividend valuation Model, Gordon Growth Model, Capital Asset pricing model or credit spread. These are the ways to compute the required return of investors.
Nielsen gathers consumer insights through a variety of ways, including consumer tracking and panels. Which type of research is Nielsen engaged in during these examples? a Online marketing research b Telephone surveys c Focus groups d Mail questionnaires Causal research
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Mail questionnaires is one of the tools used for gathering consumer information through tracking.
Nielsen engages in consumer research through consumer tracking and panels, collecting data on consumer behavior and preferences to provide consumer insights.
Explanation:Nielsen is engaged in consumer research through methods like consumer tracking and panels. Consumer tracking refers to the collection of data on consumer behavior and preferences through various online platforms, such as website visits and purchases.
Panels involve gathering data from a group of consumers who have agreed to participate in surveys or other research activities. These methods help Nielsen to gather consumer insights and understand consumer behavior, which is crucial for companies to make informed marketing decisions.
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One probable reason that the Constitution's framers included very strong wording protecting private property and contracts was __________.
Answer: ...they were invested and had to protect their own wealth.
Explanation:
The constitution's framers of America were founding fathers and visionaries. They designed the America's constitution to endure times and to stand the pressures of being a new country. They also aimed at addressing not only the specific challenges facing the nation during their lifetimes, but they also tried to establish the foundational principles that would lead and guide the young nation into an uncertain future of our days.
Equipment with an estimated useful life of 4 years and an estimated residual value of $1,000 is acquired at a cost of $12,000. Using the double-declining-balance method, what is the amount of depreciation for the first year of use of the equipment?
Answer:
$6,000
Explanation:
Depreciation expense using the double declining method = Depreciation factor × cost of asset
Deprecation factor = 2 × (1/useful life of asset) = 2/4 = 0.5
Depreciation expense = 0.5 × $12,000 = $6,000
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Which of the following is not an advantage of mutual funds?
a. They offer a variety of investment styles. They treat income as "passed through" to the investor for tax purposes.
b. They offer small investors the benefits of diversification.
c. All of the options are advantages of mutual funds.
d. None of the options is an advantage of mutual funds.
Final answer:
All the options provided (investment styles and tax treatment, diversification benefits) are advantages of mutual funds; however, not mentioned is the drawback of costs like management fees which can reduce net returns. The correct answer is that all provided options are advantages of mutual funds.
Explanation:
Mutual funds are popular investment vehicles that offer specific advantages to their shareholders. One of the central benefits is diversification, which refers to the spreading of investment risk by holding various types of assets. This helps to mitigate the impact of any single asset's poor performance on the overall portfolio. Mutual funds are also known for providing convenient access to professional management, which is beneficial to investors who may lack the time or expertise to manage their investments on their own.
Another advantage is liquidity, as mutual funds allow investors to quickly and easily convert their shares into cash. However, the answer to the student's question regarding the non-advantage of mutual funds is not listed among the options provided. All the provided options (a. variety of investment styles and tax treatment, b. diversification benefits, and c. all options are advantages) are indeed advantages of investing in mutual funds.
The only potential drawback not mentioned is the costs associated with mutual funds, such as management fees and other expenses, which can reduce the net return to investors. Therefore, in this context, the correct answer would be option c: All of the options are advantages of mutual funds.
If a corporation has only one class of stock, the account is entitled Common Stock or a.Owners' Stock. b.Preferred Stock. c.Capital Stock. d.Member Stock.
Answer:
c. Capital Stock.
Explanation:
The Common stock is also known as Capital stock if a corporation has only one class of stock. Common stock gives voting rights to its shareholders while preferred stock does not give voting rights. Capital stock gives shareholders an ownership position in the company. It gives rights and powers to shareholders. Investors buys this stock for a regular stream of dividend income as well as earn capital gains in the end when they sell the stock.
Answer:
capital stock.
Explanation:
The Company is experiencing an increase in competition, and at the same time they are building more production facilities in Southeast Asia. In this scenario, the top management team is most likely to:_______a. Give lower-level managers the authority to make decisions to benefit the firm.b. Pull decision-making responsibility from low-level management, taking it on themselves.c. Restructure to reflect a more bureaucratic, stable organization.d. Rid themselves of all buffering product.e. Increase the cost of their products.
Answer: The correct answer is "a. Give lower-level managers the authority to make decisions to benefit the firm.".
Explanation: In this scenario, the top management team is most likely to: Give lower-level managers the authority to make decisions to benefit the firm because as the company is expanding to meet the demand of a greater part of the market, it is likely that senior managers are overwhelmed with occupations and decisions so they can authorize lower level managers to make lower level decisions , always for the benefit of the company.
0/1 Question 5 In the country of Mainia, only cranberries and maple syrup are produced. In 2006, 50 units of cranberries are sold at $20 per unit, and 100 units of maple syrup are sold at $10 per unit. The price of cranberries was $10 per unit and the price of maple syrup was $15 per unit in 2005, which is the base year. For 2006, a. nominal GDP is $2,000, real GDP is $2,000, and the GDP deflator is 100. b. nominal GDP is $2,000, real GDP is $2,500, and the GDP deflator is 125. c. nominal GDP is $2,500, real GDP is $2,000, and the GDP deflator is 83.3. Selected:d. None of the above is correct.
Answer:
A. Nominal GDP is $2,000, real GDP is $2,000 and GDP deflator is 100.
Explanation:
Nominal GDP is the the total value of goods produced in a country in a given time period and valued at the current market price i.e not adjusted for inflation.
Here to calculate nominal GDP for Mainia in 2006, the total quantity of goods produced in the current year(2006) will be multiply by the current market price.
Cranberries Maple Syrups Total
50 units 100 units
$20 $10
$1,000 $1,000 $2,000
In contrast, Real GDP is measured using the base year price. The reason is to adjust for inflation which might have occurred between the two years.
Here to calculate real GDP for Mainia in 2006, the total quantity of goods produced in the current year (2006) will be multiply by the base year price (2005):
Cranberries Maple Syrups Total
50 units 100 units
$10 $15
$500 $1,500 $2,000
GDP deflator measures the movement in value of goods and services produced in the current year in relation to the base year value.
Here is the formula:
GDP deflator = Nominal GDP x 100
Real GDP
GDP deflator = $2,000 x 100
$2,000
GDP deflator = 100
Which of the following accounts is an asset?A.Service RevenueB.Accounts PayableC.Prepaid ExpenseD.Salaries Expense
Answer:
6
Explanation:
the assest of the book is to the book but must not be added to
The account classified as an asset among the options is Prepaid Expense. This is because it represents payments made for goods and services to be received in the future, hence signaling economic benefits for the company.
Explanation:Among the listed accounts, C. Prepaid Expense is considered an asset. In accounting, an asset is anything that a person or business owns, that has future economic value. Prepaid Expenses are payments made in advance for goods and services that will be received in the future. These prepayments are considered assets because they provide future economic benefits to the company. For example, if a company pays for insurance coverage in advance, this is recorded as a Prepaid Expense and is an asset.
On the other hand, Accounts Payable is a liability account, and Service Revenue and Salaries Expense are part of the income statement but not asset accounts.
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Which of the following NOT a reason firms are expanding their supply bases to include foreign suppliers?a. Lower product costb. Lower shipping rates due to lower tariffsc. Better product qualityd. Overseas supplier holding the patent to the product
Answer:
The answer b. Lower shipping rates due to lower tariffs
Explanation:
Lower overall product cost is a reason for engaging in international trade
If a person works on a ship for a cruise line headquartered in the country where he was born and resides, then he is a Answers: A. PCN B. HCN C. TCN D. not enough information
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "A": PCN.
Explanation:
In international staffing, a Parent Country National (PCN) is an employee that is hired to work in the same country from where the employee is resident and where the company has its headquarters. Usually, firms hire PCNs when foreign cultures are distant.
The future value of $200,000 invested at a 7% annual rate, compounded quarterly for 3 years is _____. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to the nearest two decimal places.) $246,287.86
Answer:
FV = 246,287.86
Explanation:
The Future value (FV) of an investment is the total amount (principal plus interest) that will accumulate in the future where interest is paid and compounded at a particular rate per period for a certain number of periods.
In a simple language, it is the worth, in the future, of an investment made today, where interest is paid periodically over the investment period. Of course, you should expect this value to be greater than the amount investment.
The Future Value (FV) of an investment is ascertained using the formula below:
FV = PV × (1+r/m)^(n×m)
FV - Future Value, r -interest rate per period, n- number of periods, PV -present value- amount invested., m- is the number of compounding period.
So, we can apply this to the formula:
The number of compounding period ( "m" ) in this question is four (4 ) because we have four quarters in a year
FV = 200000× (1+0.07/4)^(3×4)
= 200,000 × 1.2314393
FV = 246,287.86
Suppose five workers died because of exposure to a toxic chemical. Calculate the YPLL for these five workers, given their ages at death were 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40. Use age 65 years as the endpoint.
Answer:
175 years
Explanation:
YPLL is years of potential life lost. Represents number of years a person would have lived if they didn't die early.
To calculate the YPLL use the following formula
YPLL= Σ(age at endpoint - age of death)
YPLL= (65-20)+(65-25)+(65-30)+(65-35)+(65-40)
YPLL= 45+ 40+ 35+ 30+ 25
YPLL= 175 years
Final answer:
To calculate the YPLL, we subtract each worker's age at death from the endpoint age of 65 and sum the results, giving a total YPLL of 175 years for all five workers.
Explanation:
The concept being discussed is the Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL), which is a measure of premature mortality. To calculate the YPLL for the five workers who died at ages 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40, with the endpoint age set to 65, we subtract each individual's age at death from the endpoint age.
For the worker who died at age 20: 65 - 20 = 45 YPLL
For the worker who died at age 25: 65 - 25 = 40 YPLL
For the worker who died at age 30: 65 - 30 = 35 YPLL
For the worker who died at age 35: 65 - 35 = 30 YPLL
For the worker who died at age 40: 65 - 40 = 25 YPLL
Adding these together gives us the total YPLL for all five workers:
Total YPLL = 45 + 40 + 35 + 30 + 25 = 175 Years.
This is a significant measure as it provides more weight to deaths occurring at younger ages and is an important health statistic used to prioritize public health issues.
Dake Corporation's relevant range of activity is 3,200 units to 8,000 units. When it produces and sells 5,600 units, its average costs per unit are as follows: If 4,600 units are produced, the total amount of indirect manufacturing cost incurred is closest to:
To estimate the total indirect manufacturing cost when 4,600 units are produced by Dake Corporation, we can use the average cost per unit and assume a linear relationship between units produced and total cost.
Explanation:The relevant range of activity for Dake Corporation is from 3,200 units to 8,000 units. When it produces and sells 5,600 units, we can calculate the average cost per unit by dividing the total costs incurred by the number of units produced. To find the total amount of indirect manufacturing cost incurred when 4,600 units are produced, we can use the average cost per unit to estimate the total cost.
Given that the relevant range is from 3,200 units to 8,000 units, we can assume a linear relationship between the number of units produced and the total cost. Therefore, we can calculate the average cost per unit using the given information:
Calculate the slope (cost per unit) using the formula: [(average cost per unit at the highest level - average cost per unit at the lowest level) / (highest level - lowest level)].Use the slope to estimate the total indirect manufacturing cost when 4,600 units are produced by multiplying the slope by 4,600 units.Learn more about Estimating total indirect manufacturing cost here:https://brainly.com/question/33974561
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Final answer:
The student is asking about the total indirect manufacturing cost for producing a certain number of units within the context of economies of scale. More information on costs at various production levels is needed to provide an accurate answer, which is not available in the details provided by the student.
Explanation:
The student's question pertains to the concept of economies of scale in a production setting. Economies of scale occur when increasing production leads to a lower average cost per unit. This is because fixed costs are spread over a higher quantity of units, and operational efficiencies often increase with higher levels of production. However, this student is asking for the total indirect manufacturing cost at a production level of 4,600 units, based on given data for a company with a relevant activity range.
Unfortunately, to accurately answer this question, more specific information is required, such as the average costs at different levels of production or the fixed and variable components of the total costs, none of which is provided in the student's question. Without these details, we cannot compute the total indirect manufacturing cost for the Dake Corporation at the production level of 4,600 units.
Daniel, the owner of a bookstore, decides to reinvest his personal profits from the current fiscal year toward renovating the store and expanding its inventory. In the context of owners' equity, the profits that Daniel reinvests in the bookstore are called:
A. bonus shares.
B. retained earnings.
C. current liabilities.
D. equity releases.
Answer:
B. retained earnings
Explanation:
Retained earnings -
It refers to the amount of monetary value left on with any business after paying the dividends to the shareholders , is referred to as the retained earnings .
The amount left with the company can be used to reinvest for any other new project , in order to expand the business .
The earnings can be positive as well as negative .
Hence , from the given scenario of the question ,
Daniel uses his retained earnings in order to expand his business .
E-trex, Inc. wanted Prince, a professional basketball player, to endorse its products. Prince, however, was not interested. E-trex was not deterred and hired a person who looked and sounded liked Prince for its commercials.
a.E-trex has defamed Prince.
b.E-trex has interfered with a contract.
c.E-trex has interfered with a prospective advantage.
d.E-trex's conduct raises the issue of commercial exploitation.
Answer:
d.E-trex's conduct raises the issue of commercial exploitation.
Explanation:
The Commercial exploitation are the activities that provide benefit to the property of the owner. Since E-trex Inc. hired a person who looked and sounded like Prince so that they can get benefit from the commercials, they raised the issue of commercial exploitation.
E-trex, Inc.'s conduct raises the issue of commercial exploitation by hiring an impersonator who resembled Prince for its commercials.
Explanation:E-trex, Inc.'s conduct raises the issue of commercial exploitation. By hiring an impersonator who resembled Prince for its commercials, E-trex attempted to deceive consumers into thinking that Prince was endorsing their products. This is an example of using a well-known person's image and reputation to promote a brand without their consent.
Wen's Noodles wants to increase the quantity of noodles that it sells by 20 percent. The price elasticity of demand for noodles sold by Wen's Noodles is 3.8. What is the percentage price cut that will achieve the firm's objective?
Answer:
5.26%
Explanation:
Elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price.
Elasticity of demand = percentage change in quantity demanded/ percentage change in price
3.8 = 20% / percentage change in price
20/3.8 = 5.26%
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The following statements are true. Explain why. a. If a bond’s coupon rate is higher than its yield to maturity, then the bond will sell for more than face value. b. If a bond’s coupon rate is lower than its yield to maturity, then the bond’s price will increase over its remaining maturity.
Answer:
A Bond's current market value represented by [tex]B_{0}[/tex] is the present value of a bond as on today. Present value of a bond is it's future cash flows in the form of coupon payments and principal repayment discounted at investor's expectation in the market also referred to as Yield to maturity(YTM).
Present value of a bond is given by the following equation,
[tex]B_{0} = \frac{C}{(1\ +\ YTM)^{1} } +\ \frac{C}{(1\ +\ YTM)^{2} } \ +\ ......+\ \frac{C}{(1\ +\ YTM)^{n} } \ +\ \frac{RV}{(1\ +\ YTM)^{n} }[/tex]
where C= Annual coupon payments
YTM = Yield to maturity/ cost of debt/ market rate of return on similarly priced bonds
RV = Redemption value of bond
n = number of years to maturity
a. A bond's coupon rate is higher than it's yield to maturity, then the bond will sell for more than face value.
Hence, if the company pays more interest than what is paid in the market on similarly priced bonds, such bonds shall sell at more than their face value.
b. If a bond's coupon rate is lower than it's yield to maturity, then the bond's price will increase over it's remaining maturity.
Similarly, if a bond pays lower rate of interest than the market rate of interest on similarly priced bonds, the bond shall sell at lower than it's face value and the price will increase over the remaining life of such bonds.
An index has a market value of $689,400 at the beginning of the period and $722,009 at the end of the period. If you want the beginning index value to be 100, what is the ending index value?
Answer:
The ending index value is 104.73
Explanation:
we will simply divide the end of the period value over the beginning of the period and then multiply by 100 to get the ending period index.
722,009 / 689,400 x 100 = 104,73
The following periods will also be converted into a price index considering the base year. We will not use the previous year base price.
In what ways can shares be ""preferred""? In which ways are they similar and different from common shares? Give real-world examples.
Answer:
Ordinary shares and preferred shares are the two main types of shares that companies sell and are traded between investors in the open market. Each type grants shareholders a partial ownership of the company represented by the share.
Despite some similarities, common stock and preferred stock have some significant differences, including property related risk. It is important to understand the strengths and weaknesses of both types of actions before buying them.
Explanation:
Common Stock
First category of stock which is available for everyone i.e. public or common stock is the most common type of stock issued by companies. It gives shareholders the right to share the company's profits through dividends and / or capital appreciation. Common shareholders generally have voting rights, with the number of votes directly related to the number of shares they own. Of course, the company's board of directors can decide whether to pay dividends or not, and how much is paid.
The owners of common shares have "preference rights" to maintain the same proportion of ownership in the company over time. If the company distributes another offer of shares, shareholders can buy as many shares as necessary to keep their property comparable.
Common stocks have the potential to make a profit through capital gains. The performance and principal value of the shares fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The stocks, at what time when sold, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Shareholders are not sure of receiving dividend payments. Stockholders must consider their tolerance for investment risk before investing in common stock.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stocks are generally considered less volatile than common stocks, but generally have less earning potential. Preferred shareholders generally do not have voting rights, like common shareholders, but they have a greater claim on the company's assets. Preferred shares can also be "enforceable", which means that the company can buy shares from shareholders at any time and for any reason, although generally at a favorable price.
Preferred stock shareholders receive their dividends before common shareholders receive theirs, and these payments tend to be higher. Preferred stock shareholders receive fixed and regular dividend payments over a specific period of time, as opposed to variable dividend payments that are sometimes offered to common shareholders. Of course, it is important to remember that fixed dividends depend on the company's ability to pay as promised. In the event that a company declares bankruptcy, preferred shareholders are paid before common shareholders. However, unlike preferred shares, common shares have the potential to generate higher returns over time through capital growth. Remember that investments that seek to achieve higher rates of return also involve a greater degree of risk.