To prepare a serial dilution, you start with the stock solution and dilute it step-by-step. For a 1/20 dilution, take 1 part solution and add 19 parts solvent. For a 1/40 dilution, dilute the 1/20 solution further by taking 1 part of the 1/20 dilution and adding 1 part solvent. Similarly, for a 1/80 dilution, take 1 part of the 1/40 dilution and add 1 part solvent.
Explanation:To prepare a serial dilution, you start out with a stock solution (in this case, the disinfectant) and dilute it step by step. To prepare the 1/20 dilution, you take 1 part stock solution and add 19 parts solvent. Then for a 1/40 dilution, you can dilute the 1/20 solution by a further factor of 2: take 1 part of the 1/20 dilution and add 1 part solvent. The same principle applies for the 1/80 dilution: take 1 part of the 1/40 dilution and add 1 part solvent, or you could take 1 part of the original stock solution to 79 parts of solvent.
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A __________ is an organic molecule that consists of C, H, O atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1.
Answer:
Molecule
Explanation:
Molecule 34
A carbohydrate is an organic molecule consisting of C, H, and O atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio, important for human biochemistry and found in various forms from simple sugars to complex polysaccharides.
Explanation:An organic molecule that consists of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio is known as a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules that come in various forms, such as sugars, starches, and fibers.
They have a general stoichiometric formula of (CH₂O)ₙ, where 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
These organic compounds are a significant part of human biochemistry, consisting of carbon and hydrogen, and are essential for our diet and bodily functions.
Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose, while complex carbohydrates include polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose.
The carbon skeleton of a carbohydrate provides a backbone to which other functional groups are bound, making them versatile in structure and function within living organisms.
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Data for three overlapping populations of frogs are depicted here. A scientists makes the claim that one of the populations has undergone sympatric speciation. Which evidence best supports his argument of speciation for one of the populations?
Answer:
A
Explanation:
I got it wrong and it showed the correct answer
Answer:
A
Explanation:Because it shows what has undergone sympatric speciation
Why do think a disposable copy of the DNA code is necessary for protein synthesis
A disposable copy of the DNA, in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA), is required for protein synthesis to transport the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for translation into a protein. The mRNA acts as the intermediary between the DNA and protein, encoding the protein based on the DNA instructions. After the protein is formed, the mRNA is degraded, marking its disposability.
Explanation:The necessity of a disposable copy of the DNA code in the form of mRNA for protein synthesis is rooted in the concept of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: DNA encodes RNA, and RNA encodes protein. Our cells use this principle to make proteins through a process involving two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, an mRNA molecule is synthesized using the DNA code as a template. This mRNA carries the genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where the machinery for protein synthesis is located. This is necessary because the original DNA resides safely in the nucleus.
In the second step, translation, the mRNA is read by a ribosome, and based on the specific sequence of nucleotide codons in the mRNA, appropriate amino acids are linked together in a specific order by tRNA molecules. This forms the protein. When the protein is fully synthesized, the mRNA detaches from the ribosome and is degraded. This way, each mRNA is a temporary, disposable copy of the specific DNA code. This process also supports multicellular organisms' need for mass-production of proteins from a single gene at once, as multiple ribosomes can attach to a single mRNA molecule and build multiple identical proteins concurrently.
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A disposable copy of the DNA code, in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA), is necessary for protein synthesis because it transports genetic instructions, protects the DNA from damage, allows multiple proteins to be synthesized simultaneously, and mitigates the impact of errors.
The process of protein synthesis involves several steps, with the first being transcription. During transcription, a segment of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) because mRNA acts as a temporary, disposable copy of the DNA code. The primary role of mRNA is to carry the genetic instructions from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes can read this information to synthesize proteins.Having a disposable copy is essential for the following reasons:
Protection of DNA: DNA remains protected within the nucleus, reducing the risk of damage or mutation caused by external factors in the cytosol.Multiple Proteins: mRNA allows multiple copies of the protein to be made simultaneously as several ribosomes can bind to a single mRNA strand at once, a process known as translation.Error Management: Errors in mRNA are less detrimental than errors in DNA because mRNA is temporary. Any mistakes in mRNA will be short-lived and will not affect the permanent genetic code.Thus, the disposable copy ensures efficient and accurate protein synthesis.
Question 27 of 30
1 Point
What factors affect the temperature of seawater?
O
A. Depth and geographic area only
O
O
B. Depth, geographic area, and currents
C. Depth only
O
D. Geographic area only
SUBMIT
Factors that affect the temperature of seawater include depth, geographic area, and currents.
Explanation:The temperature of seawater is affected by multiple factors including depth, geographic area, and currents. The depth of the water can influence the amount of sunlight reaching the water and thus impact the temperature. Different geographic areas can have different climate patterns that affect seawater temperature. Additionally, ocean currents can transport warmer or colder water, further influencing the temperature.
Final answer:
Seawater temperature is determined by a combination of depth, geographic area, and ocean currents. Sunlight penetration, latitude, and heat distribution via currents are the primary factors, while solar radiation and geographical features also play significant roles.
Explanation:
The factors affecting the temperature of seawater are largely influenced by depth, geographic area, and ocean currents. The depth affects the temperature because sunlight penetration decreases with depth, leading to colder temperatures the deeper one goes. The geographic area is significant because water temperatures vary with latitude; waters are generally warmer near the equator and cooler near the poles. Furthermore, ocean currents play a crucial role in distributing heat across the globe. Warm currents can elevate temperatures in regions that would otherwise be cooler, while cold currents can have a cooling effect in areas that might be warmer without this influence.
Additional factors include solar radiation, which directly warms bodies of water, and geographical features such as wind systems, position on a continent, and mountain barriers, which can influence local climate conditions. These aspects also relate to the distribution of climate regions, with each facet contributing to the unique temperature profile of a given body of water.
Heterotrophs obtain chemical energy from ______________.
Answer:
Heterotrophs obtain chemical energy for their survival by eating plants and animals.
Explanation:
The chemical energy that organism need comes from food. They break this food down to obtain energy.Depending on their source of nutrients , they are classified into: Autotrophs and Heterotrophs.Autotrophs use sunlight and photosynthesize to produce their own food. They are often known as producers.Heterotrophs are beings that can't prepare their own food and consume other organisms to obtain energy.They are also called consumers.Examples include: Animals, fungi,etc.Heterotrophs obtain chemical energy from consuming organic molecules, primarily glucose, derived from autotrophs or other heterotrophs, then metabolizing them through cellular respiration to produce ATP.
Heterotrophs obtain chemical energy from organic molecules produced by autotrophs or other heterotrophs. Unlike autotrophs, which can produce their own organic compounds through processes like photosynthesis, heterotrophs rely on consuming organic matter for energy.
The primary source of chemical energy for heterotrophs is typically in the form of glucose, a simple sugar. Glucose is obtained through the consumption of plants, animals, fungi, or bacteria, which serve as food sources. Once ingested, the organic molecules in these food sources are broken down through processes like digestion into simpler compounds such as glucose, which can then be further metabolized to release energy.
Heterotrophs undergo cellular respiration to extract energy from glucose. In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized in a series of enzymatic reactions, ultimately producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule that serves as the primary energy currency in cells.
ATP can then be utilized by the cell to perform various cellular processes, including growth, repair, and movement. Thus, heterotrophs rely on the consumption and breakdown of organic molecules to sustain their energy needs and maintain cellular functions.
A model that helps explain the results of Mendel’s crosses is called a ______.
Answer : A model that helps explain the results of Mendel's crosses is called a (Punnett square).
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration interact to cycle matter through an ecosystem
Explanation:
Photosynthesis captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it to biomass. This is why forests are referred to as great carbon sinks because they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and incorporate it in the biosphere.
Cellular respiration, on the other hand, converts the carbon captured in the biosphere into carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere. Cellular respiration usually 'burns' glucose into carbon dioxide.
These two processes work antagonistically and cycle carbon matter through the biosphere and atmosphere.
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Who studied mitosing cells
Answer:Margulis
She is the one who discovered it
Which process is most likely used to transport glucose into a muscle cell?
Answer:
Glucose Transport
Explanation:
Glucose Transport is a highly regulated process accomplished mostly by facilitated diffusion using carrier proteins to cross cell membranes.
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The most likely process for the uptake of glucose into muscle cells is facilitated diffusion using GLUT4 proteins in response to insulin, with subsequent phosphorylation by hexokinase to maintain a concentration gradient.
The process most likely used to transport glucose into a muscle cell is facilitated diffusion via glucose transport proteins, specifically GLUT4 proteins. When insulin is present in the bloodstream, it triggers the movement of GLUT4 transporters stored in vesicles to the cell surface. This allows glucose to enter muscle and adipose cells more readily. Additionally, to maintain a concentration gradient and facilitate continual glucose entry into the cells, glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate by an enzyme called hexokinase inside the muscle cells.
Therefore, the muscle cells utilize an insulin-regulated mechanism involving GLUT4 to efficiently uptake glucose, which is then promptly metabolized to prevent any build-up of glucose within the cell, maintaining a steady influx from the circulating blood.
Please help me answer this 5 questions i mark you as brainlist
Answer:
1. Estimated number of cases
2. 1998 ≈ 17,000 and 2003 = 24,000
3. 24,000 - 17,000 =7,000
4. Roughly about 7990
i hope this helps :)
Explain how to identify a starting position on a line
Answer:
Sample Response: Pick a reference point on the line to be the zero position. Determine the direction and measure the distance from zero in standard units.
Explanation:
Spongebob is known for his big round eyes (R) which is dominant over an oval eye shape (r). If he is heterozygous for his round eye shape and marries a woman with oval eye shape, what type of eyes might the kids have? (Use Punnett Square)
SpongeBob (Rr) and his partner (rr) can have children with either round (Rr) or oval (rr) eyes, with a 50% chance for each eye shape.
If SpongeBob, who has heterozygous round eyes (Rr), marries a woman with oval eye shape (homozygous rr), their children could have either round or oval eyes. To determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring, a Punnett Square can be used:
SpongeBob's genotype: Rr (heterozygous round eyes)
Woman's genotype: rr (homozygous oval eyes)
The Punnett Square would look like this:
R (from SpongeBob) r (from SpongeBob)
r (from woman) Rr (round eyes) rr (oval eyes)
r (from woman) Rr (round eyes) rr (oval eyes)
From this Punnett Square, we can see that there is a 50% chance the children will have round eyes (Rr) and a 50% chance they will have oval eyes (rr).
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of
plants?
a. eukaryotic
b. cell walls contain chitin
c. multicellular
d. contain chlorophyll
Answer: b. cell walls contain chitin
Explanation:
Plant cell wall is made up of cellulose. Plants have cellulose cell wall. Plants are eukaryotes, multicellular and have chlorophyll. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, and Chloroplast. Therefore plants are eukaryotes because they contain membrane bound organelles. Multicellular organism are organism with many cells thus plants are multicellular because a single plant is composed of many cells. Plants have chlorophyll which is found in the Chloroplast. Chlorophyll is used by plants to trap sunlight needed for photosynthesis.
Cell walls contain chitin is NOT a characteristic of plants. Option B
The characteristics of plantsChitin is a structural polymer that makes up the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeleton of arthropods like insects and crustaceans. It does not, however, make up the cell walls of plants.
Cellulose makes up the majority of the cell walls in plants, giving them stiffness and stability. A complex carbohydrate called cellulose provides the foundation for the cell walls of plants. All the other things are contained by plants
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The primary wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth’s surface
Answer:
The correct answer is longer than those emitted by the sun.
Explanation:
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Which of the following statements are true? Check
all that apply.
◽️Replication is the process by which a cell
divides.
◽️A copy of DNA is passed on to new offspring.
◽️Replication is the process by which DNA IS
copied.
◽️Replication is the process by which new
offspring are created.
Answer:
A copy of DNA is passed on to new offspring.
Replication is the process by which DNA is copied.
Explanation:
During cell division, the DNA molecule in the parent cell must replicate accurately before the cell divides. The two strands are believed to separate. Each strand becomes a template that specifies the base sequence of a new complementary strand. Through the action of replicating enzymes, free nucleotides come and take up positions along the template strands. Covalent bonds are then formed between the new nucleotides resulting in formation of new DNA strand.
Answer:
A copy of DNA is passed on to new offspring.
Replication is the process by which DNA is copied.
Explanation:
QUESTION 50
Cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion are the properties of water molecules that
Answer:
enable capillarity
Explanation:
It is well known that water tends to adhere to the walls of the vessel in which it is contained. This is due to the force of adhesion which is defined as the force of attraction between unlike molecules. Cohesion is defined as the force of attraction between like molecules. In the case of a plant, cohesion of water molecules in the xylem vessels prevents the water column from breaking. The forces of adhesion, surface tension and cohesion are the basis of capillarity,that is, the rise of liquids in capillary tubes.
what is the important of planting tree
Answer:
Importance of planting trees. Plantations of trees is important as they improve the life and fulfil essential needs of mankind. During photosynthesis, the treesbreakdown food materials and consume carbon dioxide. ... Trees cleanse the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the environment and releasing oxygen.
help asap
It's a good idea to use website sources that end in .edu, .net,and .org when searching for reliable information
Question 1 options:
True
False
Answer:
a reliable source
Explanation:
Which is the result of meiosis II
Answer:
The result of meiosis II is the formation of four unique cells, each carrying a new assortment of genes and chromosomes, and each with half the number of original chromosomes.
Explanation:
pls tell me if i got it wrong if i did sorry but glad i helped :)
Answer:
two haploid daughter cells
Explanation:
Question 2 (4 points)
Match the appropriate statement with the corresponding term.
Question 2 options:
The metric system unit for mass
An instrument used to measure the mass of an object
An instrument used to measure the weight of an object
The metric system unit for the weight of an object
1.
Scale
2.
Kilogram
3.
Balance
4.
Newton
NTOOSEN
arbon reservoirs.
come examples?
on
4. Nitrogen gas is more abundant in our atmosphere than
oxygen! However, nitrogen needs to be converted into
different forms to be used by many organisms. Bacteria are
highly involved in this! Describe the role of (A) bacteria
fixing nitrogen as they live symbiotically with some plant
species, (B) nitrifying bacteria, and (C) denitrifying bacteria
in the nitrogen cycle.
-voir
Carbon
Reservoir
rea
Answer:
A) The role of bacteria fixing nitrogen is very important because it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the roots of plants. For example, Azotobacter is a bacteria which lives in the root of the higher plants. The bacteria fixes nitrogen for the plant and the plant gives habitat and food to the bacteria and hence, both get benefit.
B) Nitrifying bacteria are the bacteria which converts ammonia into nitrates. Examples are Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.
C) Denitrifying bacteria is a type of bacteria which converts nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen. Examples are Serratia and Pseudomonas.
Which best matches the plant tissue to its function?
Vascular tissue transports materials from the environment into the plant.
Dermal tissue produces and stores the plant’s food until it is needed.
Meristem tissue uses energy from the sun to produce food for the plant.
Ground tissue is the outermost plant tissue that prevents water loss.
Answer:
The best match to plant tissue to its function is "Vascular tissue transports materials from the environment into the plant."
Explanation:
Vascular tissue is a conducting tissue that is formed by more than one cell type. It is mainly composed of xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and mineral salts from the soil to the plants , while phloem transports nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plants.Dermal tissue protects the plant from injury and water loss. Meristem tissue are found it parts of the plant that are growing. The ground tissues include parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, function in photosynthesis, storage, regeneration, support, and protection.Answer:
A
Explanation:
hope this helps
Some species of present day protists contain living organisms within their cytoplasm. Paramecium bursaria are hosts for zoochlorellae, photosynthetic protists, that live within the cytoplasm of the paramecium. The relationship appears to be symbiotic; the zoochlorellae gain protection and possibly some essential nutrients from the host cytoplasm and the paramecium host has an available food source when its usual food source is depleted.
This symbiotic relationship provides support for the theory of endosymbiosis, which states that
A) animal-like cells evolved from ancestors that were photosynthetic.
B) mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from small prokaryotes living within larger cells.
C) photosynthetic organisms, like today's land plants, evolved from photosynthetic bacteria.
D) heterotrophic organisms could not have evolved before the evolution of photosynthetic organisms.
Option B: Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from small prokaryotes living within larger cells support the theory of endosymbiosis.
Explanation:
Endosymbiotic theory is based on the theory that eukaryotic cell organelles like mitochondria and plastids like chloroplasts were originally structured as independent free-living prokaryotic cells.
This theory stated that prokaryotic cells were either producing energy through aerobic respiration, or can undergo photosynthesis, or cannot undergo respiration or photosynthesis but just engulf other cells.
These free-living cells ended up staying in host cells through endosymbiosis.
Endosymbiosis is a mutual relationship which is beneficial to both the host and the associated organism.
For example, the relationship between termite and the microbes present in its gut is an endosymbiotic relationship.
Answer:
B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from small prokaryotes living within larger cells
Explanation:
What are abiotic parts of an ecosystem?
Select all that apply.
water
wood
sunlight
insects
meat
mountains
PLEASE HELP
Answer:
they are
sunlight
water
Explanation:
Answer:
water, sunlight, and mountains
Explanation: these things are not derived from living organisms
When does glycolysis occur
Answer:
In the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria.
Identify the ways in which a rooftop garden can reduce the heat absorbed, compared to an asphalt roof. Select the three correct answers.(2 points)
The surface is rougher and more varied than the asphalt.
The soil is heavier than the asphalt.
The paler color reflects more light.
Plants release water vapor.
Unlike asphalt, soil is not black.
Soil holds water that would have run off the roof.
Answer:
plants release water vapor
unlike asphalt, soil is not black.
The paler color reflects more light.
Explanation:
Answer:
The paler color reflects more light. Plants release water vapor.Soil holds water that would have run off the roof.Explanation:
A rooftop garden has the ability to reduce heat by up to 7ºC, in addition to promoting a beautiful and pleasant look.
First, a rooftop garden has plants that, in addition to releasing water vapor into the atmosphere, refreshing the environment, have the ability to increase the humidity of the place. The presence of soil also promotes the reduction of temperature, this is because the organic material contained in the soil and the roots of the plants allows the water that would run off the roof to be trapped in the soil, promoting a refreshment to the place. Finally, a rooftop garden usually has light colors, these colors reflect a lot of solar energy and absorb little solar energy, limiting high temperatures.
Which two statements describe the
production of soy sauce?
A. When soy sauce is made, yeast
and mold help break down the
sugars to produce various acids
that add to the flavor of the sauce.
B. When soy sauce is made, some
of the alcohol evaporates while the
carbon dioxide that is produced
gives the sauce a unique flavor.
C. When soy sauce is made, the
chemical compound acetaldehyde
gives the sauce its distinctive flavor.
D. To produce soy sauce, bacteria
are added to milk to break down
the sugars into lactic acid and
acetaldehyde.
E. To produce soy sauce, yeast
is added to a mixture of milk and
sugar, and the sugar is converted
into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
F. To produce soy sauce, yeast
and a type of mold are added to a
mixture of soybeans, wheat, and
salt.
The two statements which describe the production of soy sauce.
Option A. When soy sauce is made, yeast and mold help break down the sugars to produce various acids.
Option F. To produce soy sauce, yeast and a type of mold are added to a
mixture of soybeans, wheat, and salt.
Explanation:
Soy sauce is naturally prepared by artisanal brewing and fermentation. The basic ingredients used are soybeans, wheat and salt.
During the brewing process, microbes like mold, yeast or bacteria are added to the basic mixture to ferment. When mold is added to the basic mixture, it ferments and forms a mixture called koji.
Molds like Aspergillus soyae called the koji starter is commonly used. The enzymes present in the mold break the starch in the soy beans and wheat into simpler sugars, and proteins into amino acids, and fats into simpler lipids.
The koji is then treated with yeast and lactic acid bacteria which ferments the koji and forms the moromi which is then processed further to form soy sauce.
The enzymes of the yeast converts the simple sugars into alcohol, CO2 and other organic acids and elements which enhance the flavor of the sauce. Lactic acid bacteria takes the role of converting the sugars into organic acids like aspartic and glutamic acid, and other amines.
an organisms ability to maintain a stable internal environment in the midst of external environment change is known as
Answer:
an organisms ability to maintain a stable internal environment in the midst of external environment change is known as HOMEOSTASIS
Explanation:
Homeostasis entails regulation of body temperature when there is a need in ambient temperature or internal temperature. Organisms tends to regulate this for survival because every living organism has it required temperature for survival be it internally or externally
An organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions is called homeostasis. This is a crucial aspect of biology because it allows organisms to regulate important functions, helping them survive in a variety of environmental conditions.
Explanation:An organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment in the face of changing external conditions is referred to as homeostasis. This is a central principle of biology, as it is essential for the survival and functioning of all living things. Homeostasis works through a series of feedback mechanisms that help control and regulate various body systems. Examples include temperature regulation, blood pH balance, and water and electrolyte balance. Without homeostasis, organisms would not be able to adapt to changing environmental conditions and could suffer severe health issues.
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What impact did industrialization have on imperialism? a) an increase in production led to the need for new land to build factories in foregone territories c) increased production led to a surplus in manufactured goods and in a need for more customers d) competing european countries believed that conquering other territories would provide them with no more citizens to tax
Answer:
The correct option is C) increased production led to a surplus in manufactured goods and in a need for more customers
Explanation:
Imperialism can be described as a word which is used when an industrialized nation takes over a non-industrialized nation.
The major reason for imperialism to occur is because industrialized countries need more people who will buy their products so that the economy can be raised. Imperialism also occurs for the need of materials from a different place. The powerful industrialized nation dominated the political, cultural, and economic affairs of the non-industrialized nations they conquered.
The accumulation of mutations can drive the aging process .
Yes accumulation of mutation can drive aging process.
Explanation:
The molecular damage that occurs in cells and tissues for a long time due to DNA damage and epigenetic changes gets accumulated in the cell.
This leads to lowering of the homeostasis in the cell during stress conditions and eventually risks of life-threatening diseases as cancers or neurodegenerative disorders develop.
Due to mutation in the gene DNA repair mechanism also gets affected this also contributes to the ageing of cells.
The telomere of the chromosome is shortened after every mitotic division but telomerase enzyme keeps adding the DNA sequence preventing shortening aging and death of the cell. If the mutation occurs in this enzyme it will increase the ageing of cells at high rate.