Answer:
[tex]P(X<13.87) = P(Z<2.25) =0.9877[/tex]
So then we can conclude that the value of $13.87 would be approximately the 98th percentile
Explanation:
Previous concepts
Normal distribution, is a "probability distribution that is symmetric about the mean, showing that data near the mean are more frequent in occurrence than data far from the mean".
The Z-score is "a numerical measurement used in statistics of a value's relationship to the mean (average) of a group of values, measured in terms of standard deviations from the mean".
Solution to the problem
Let X the random variable that represent the prices of the stock of a population, and for this case we know the distribution for X is given by:
[tex]X \sim N(8.52,2.38)[/tex]
Where [tex]\mu=8.52[/tex] and [tex]\sigma=2.38[/tex]
If we want to find the percentile for 13.87. We are interested on this probability
[tex]P(X<13.87)[/tex]
And the best way to solve this problem is using the normal standard distribution and the z score given by:
[tex]z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
If we apply this formula to our probability we got this:[tex]P(X<13.87)=P(\frac{X-\mu}{\sigma}<\frac{13.87-\mu}{\sigma})=P(Z<\frac{13.87-8.52}{2.38})=P(z<2.25)[/tex]And we can find this probability using the normal standard table or excel and we got:
[tex] P(X<13.87) = P(Z<2.25) =0.9877[/tex]
So then we can conclude that the value of $13.87 would be approximately the 98th percentile
C Co. reported a retained earnings balance of $200,000 at December 31, 2010. In September 2011, C determined that insurance premiums of $30,000 for the three-year period beginning January 1, 2010, had been paid and fully expensed in 2010. C has a 30% income tax rate. What amount should C report as adjusted beginning retained earnings in its 2011 statement of retained earnings?
A. $220,000
B. $214,000
C. $221,000
D. $210,000
Answer:
B. $214,000
Explanation:
The insurance premium paid for a 3 year period should not have been expensed out rightly but recognized as expense through periodic amortization spread over the entire period.
As such, the amount that should have been expensed in 2011 for insurance premium is
= 1/3 × $30,000
= $10,000
Recognizing an expense of $10,000 rather than $30,000 would have resulted in an increase in the tax expense by
= 70% × ($30,000 - $10,000)
= $14,000
As such, the retained earnings would have been
= $200,000 + $14,000
= $214,000
The overstatement of an expense would have resulted in an understatement of net income and thus and understatement of the retained earnings.
Crane Company had revenues of $334000, expenses of $201000, and dividends of $47000. When Income Summary is closed to Retained Earnings, the amount of the debit or credit to Retained Earnings is a
Answer:
It is a credit to Retained Earnings. Credit of $133,000
Explanation:
Closing an entry means transferring all revenue (sales) account balance and expense account balance at the end of an accounting period to the income summary account.
This either leads to a net profit or loss for the period covered in the income summary account. The balance in the income summary then goes into the Retained Earnings.
Step 1: Transfer the revenue to the income summary...
Dr: Revenue - $334,000
Cr: Income summary - $334,000
Step 2: Transfer the expense to the income summary...
Dr: Income summary - $201,000
Cr: Expense- $201,000
This means Revenue (Dr) in step 1 minues Expense (Cr) in step two
$334,000 - $201,000 = $133,000.
The net profit of $133,000 is the transferred to Retained Earnings
Dr: Income summary - $133,000
Cr: Retained Earnings- $133,000
Suppose we use demand and supply on the labor market, to analyze the hiring and employment of workers by businesses. The price is the wage and the quantity is the number of people working. In the labor market, a. the demand curve shows the demand for jobs by workers, and the supply curve shows the supply of jobs by businesses. b. the demand curve shows the demand for labor by businesses, and the supply curve shows the supply of labor by people. c. the demand curve shows the consumer demand for products that workers produce, and the supply curve shows business supply of products that workers produce. d. the demand curve shows the business demand for products that workers produce, and the supply curve shows consumer supply of products that workers produce.
Answer:
b. the demand curve shows the demand for labor by businesses, and the supply curve shows the supply of labor by people.
Explanation:
Labor market is any arrangement that brings businesses, government and other economic unit seeking to get the best employees at the best price (demand for labor) into contact with those people seeking for paid jobs (the supplier of labor) for the purpose of entering into an employment contract.
The job seekers which represents the household possess some skills that is being demanded by the firms in the labor market. The job seekers is the supplier of skills while the firm demands for the skills.
The demand curve shows the demand for labor by businesses, and the supply curve shows the supply of labor by people in the labor market.
Explanation:The answer to the question is option b. the demand curve shows the demand for labor by businesses, and the supply curve shows the supply of labor by people.
In the labor market, businesses (employers) demand labor, and the demand curve shows the quantity of labor businesses want to hire at different wage rates. On the other hand, individuals (people) supply labor, and the supply curve shows the quantity of labor people are willing to provide at different wage rates.
Changes in wage rates will result in movements along the demand and supply curves, affecting the quantity of labor demanded and supplied in the market.
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Galehouse Gas Stations Inc. expects sales to increase from $1,610,000 to $1,810,000 next year. Mr. Galehouse believes that net assets (Assets − Liabilities) will represent 40 percent of sales. His firm has an 7 percent return on sales and pays 60 percent of profits out as dividends. (Input all amounts as positive values.)
a. What effect will this growth have on funds?
The cash balance will increase or decrease by $ .
b. If the dividend payout is only 35 percent, what effect will this growth have on funds?
The cash balance will increase or decrease by $ .
Final answer:
Galehouse Gas Stations Inc. expects an increase in sales which affects funds due to profits and dividends. With a 60% dividend payout, the cash balance increases by $71,600. If dividends are reduced to 35%, the cash balance increases by $75,100.
Explanation:
To calculate the effect of sales growth on funds for Galehouse Gas Stations Inc., we will take into account several factors, including the profit margin, net asset ratio, and dividend payout ratio.
a. Effect of Growth on Funds with a 60% Dividend Payout:
Galehouse Gas Stations Inc. expects an increase in sales from $1,610,000 to $1,810,000, which is an increase of $200,000. With the 7% return on sales, the expected profit from the increase in sales is 7% of $200,000, which equals $14,000. Out of this profit, 60% will be paid out as dividends, which amounts to $8,400 ($14,000 * 60%). Since 40% of sales is expected to be in the form of net assets, the increased net assets would be 40% of $200,000, which equals $80,000. Thus, the overall increase in funds would be the increase in net assets minus the dividends paid out: $80,000 - $8,400 = $71,600.
b. Effect of Growth on Funds with a 35% Dividend Payout:
If the dividend payout is reduced to 35%, the dividends paid out from the $14,000 profit will amount to $4,900 ($14,000 * 35%). Following the same logic as in part a, the increase in funds would be $80,000 (net assets increase) minus $4,900 (dividends paid out), increasing funds of $75,100. Therefore, the change in cash balance is an increase of $75,100.
Explain how each of the following events affects the monetary base, the money multiplier, and the money supply.a. The Federal Reserve buys bonds in an open-market operation.b. The Fed increases the interest rate it pays banks for holding reserves.c. The Fed reduces its lending to banks through its Term Auction Facility.d. Rumors about a computer virus attack on ATMs increase the amount of money people hold as currency rather than demand deposits.e. The Fed flies a helicopter over 5th Avenue in New York City and drops newly printed $100 bills.
Answer:
a. monetary base and money supply rise while money multiplier does not change.
b. monetary base rises, but money supply and money multiplier fall.
c. monetary base falls, money supply falls, and money multiplier does not change.
d. monetary base rises, money supply falls, and money multiplier falls.
e. monetary base rises, money supply rises, and money multiplier does not change.
Explanation:
Each of these conditions can be explained as follows:
a. The Federal Reserve buys bonds in an open-market operation
Monetary base will increase when Federal Reserve purchases bonds from the open-market, i.e. from the public, which will in turn make money supply to rise. If we assume that reserve-deposit ratio or the currency-deposit ratio do not change, the money multiplier will remain constant.
b. The Fed increases the interest rate it pays banks for holding reserves
Banks will prefer to hold reserves when the interest is increased by the Fed because that will increase their income. The increase in the reserves held by banks will make the monetary base to rise. As more reserves relative to deposits are held by banks, this will make reserve deposit ratio to rise which in turn will reduce the money multiplier. As money multiplier falls, it causes the money supply to also fall.
c. The Fed reduces its lending to banks through its Term Auction Facility
This will make the monetary base to fall which in turn will lead to fall money supply. If we assume that reserve-deposit ratio or the currency-deposit ratio do not change, the money multiplier will remain constant.
d. Rumors about a computer virus attack on ATMs increase the amount of money people hold as currency rather than demand deposits.
This will lead to a rise in the currency-deposit ratio which will result in a fall in money multiplier. Since banks do not have enough reserves to lend, the money supply will fall. The increase in the currency being held by the people will make the monetary base to rise.
e. The Fed flies a helicopter over 5th Avenue in New York City and drops newly printed $100 bills.
This will make both the monetary base and the money supply to rise. Money supply will rise further if any of the new bills is deposited in the bank. But money multiplier would reduce should people eventually hold more currency relative to deposits.
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Final answer:
The Federal Reserve's actions can increase or decrease the monetary base, money multiplier, and money supply through tools such as open-market operations, interest on reserves, lending facilities, and public reactions to economic events.
Explanation:
The actions of the Federal Reserve (the Fed) have significant impacts on the monetary base, the money multiplier, and the overall money supply. Here's how the events listed would affect these three aspects:
When the Fed buys bonds in an open-market operation, the monetary base increases as reserves in banks rise. Banks then loan out these excess reserves, increasing loans in the economy, which in turn triggers the money multiplier effect, increasing the money supply.If the Fed increases the interest rate on reserves, banks are more incentivized to hold reserves rather than loan them out, which can lead to a decrease in the money multiplier and subsequently the money supply.Reducing lending through the Term Auction Facility would decrease the monetary base as there are fewer reserves in the banking system. This reduction could then lead to a decrease in the money supply as banks have less money to loan out.Rumors about a computer virus attack on ATMs might cause an increase in currency holding versus demand deposits. When people withdraw money from banks, the reserve ratio increases since banks have fewer deposits but must still maintain required reserves, potentially decreasing the money multiplier and the money supply.Lastly, if the Fed 'dropped' newly printed $100 bills over 5th Avenue, this act would directly increase the monetary base as there is more currency in circulation. However, it's a theoretical and unrealistic scenario often used to illustrate the concept of an expansion of the money supply with direct injection of cash into the economy.Suppose that 30% of all packages from Amazon are delivered by UPS. 15% of the packages that are delivered by UPS weighs 2 lbs or more. Also, 8% of the packages that are not delivered by UPS weighs less than 2 lbs. a. What is the probability that a package is delivered by UPS if it weighs 2 lbs or more
Answer:
probability = 0.05761
Explanation:
given data
P(X) = 30% = 0.30
P(Y | X) = 15% = 0.15
P( Y' | X') = 8% = 0.08
here X is package is delivered
and Y is weight 2 lbs or more
solution
here we can say that P(X and Y) is express as
P(X and Y) = P(Y|X) × P(X) .............1
put here value and we get
P(X and Y) = 0.15 × 0.30
P(X and Y) = 0.045
so probability of package is delivered of weighs 2 lbs or more P (Y) is
P (Y) = P(Y|X) × P(X) + P(Y|X') × P(X') ............2
put here value we get
P (Y) = 0.15 × 0.30 + 0.8 × 0.92
P (Y) = 0.781
so required probability is = [tex]\frac{P(X\ and\ Y) }{P(Y)}[/tex]
probability = [tex]\frac{0.045}{0.781}[/tex]
probability = 0.05761
If a family spends its entire budget in a given time frame, the family can afford either 90 cans of soup or 60 frozen dinners. Assuming the family spends its entire budget on just these two goods, what is the opportunity cost of one extra can of soup in the time frame? (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
Answer:
0.67
Explanation:
Opportunity cost is the cost of the next best option forgone when one alternative is chosen over other alternatives.
If the family buys one can of soup, the opportunity cost is the frozen food forgone.
Opportunity cost of one can of soup = 60 / 90 = 0.67
I hope my answer helps you
The opportunity cost of buying an extra can of soup, when the entire budget can afford either 90 cans of soup or 60 frozen dinners, is 0.67 frozen dinners.
Explanation:The subject at hand is referred to as opportunity cost, a fundamental concept in economics. Opportunity cost refers to the cost of foregone alternatives. If you choose one thing, you miss out on enjoying the benefits of the next best thing.
In your case, if a family spends its entire budget and can afford either 90 cans of soup or 60 frozen dinners, the opportunity cost of purchasing an additional can of soup is the number of frozen dinners that could have been bought with the same amount of money.
To calculate this, you divide the total number of dinners (60) by the total number of soup cans (90), which equals to 0.67. Therefore, the opportunity cost of buying an extra can of soup is 0.67 frozen dinners
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The unregulated monopolist's price will always exceed his marginal cost and he will always operate in the elastic portion of his demand curve. True and False
The unregulated monopolist's price will always exceed his marginal cost and he will always operate in the elastic portion of his demand curve. This statement is True.
Explanation:
A monopolist exists when a particular individual or undertaking is the main provider of a specific item. This appears differently in relation to a monopsony which identifies with a solitary element's control of a market to buy a decent or administration, and with oligopoly which comprises of a couple of sellers ruling a market.
A monopolistic market is a hypothetical develop that portrays a market where just one organization may offer items and administrations to people in general. In an absolutely monopolistic model, the imposing business model firm can limit yield, raise costs, and appreciate super-typical benefits over the long haul.
Blending Process Units of Product Percent of Conversion Beginning work in process 194,000 85 % Goods started 420,000 100 Goods completed 450,000 100 Ending work in process 164,000 35 Compute the total equivalent units of production for conversion using the weighted-average method.
Answer:
The equivalent units using weighted-average method is 507,400 units as found in the attached
Explanation:
Firstly,process costing requires that uncompleted units be translated to completed units at the end of the period by multiplying percentage of completion with quantity.
The ending balance of work-in-process inventory is 35% completed,which means that 65% more work is required in order to turn it to finished goods.
Besides,some items are disposed during processes if found out that it is preferable to sell in its present condition than undertaking the final processing .
Highlands Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. It processes wood pulp for various manufacturers of paper products.
Data relating to tons of pulp processed during June are provided below:
Percent Completed Tons of Pulp Materials Labor and Overhead Work in process, June 1 20,000 90% 80% Work in process, June 30 30,000 60% 40% Started into production during June 190,000
Required:
1.Compute the number of tons of pulp completed and transferred out during June.
2.Compute the equivalent units of production for materials and for labor and overhead for June.
Answer:
1. 180,000
2. Material 198,000
Labor OH 192,000
Explanation:
A. calculation The number of ton pulp manufactured.
Particular Unit
Work in progress on June 1 20,000
Add: production during the month 190,000
Total process unit 210,000
Less: work in progress on June 30 30,000
Total unit manufacture and transfer 180,000
B. Calculation of Equivalent units.
Particular Materials Labor and Overhead
Total unit produced 180,000 180,000
Add: Work in progress
Material (30000*60%) 18,000
Labor and OH (30000*40%) 12,000
Equivalent production 198,000 192,000
Bike St. Pete currently produces 1,000 tires per month. The following per unit data apply for sales to regular customers: Direct materials $20 Direct manufacturing labor 3 Variable manufacturing overhead 6 Fixed manufacturing overhead 10 Total manufacturing costs $39 The plant has capacity for 3,000 tires and is considering expanding production to 2,000 tires. What is the total cost of producing 2,000 tires
Answer:
$78,000
Explanation:
Total cost of producing 2,000 tires:
= [(Direct materials + Direct manufacturing labor + Variable manufacturing overhead) × 2,000 units] + Fixed cost
= [($20 + $3 + $6) × 2,000 units] + ($10 × 2,000 units)
= $58,000 + $20,000
= $78,000
Therefore, the total cost of producing 2,000 tires is $78,000.
The total cost of producing 2,000 tires is $68,000, calculated by doubling the variable costs for 2,000 tires, which is $58,000, and adding the fixed costs, which remain at $10,000.
Explanation:To calculate the total cost of producing 2,000 tires, we need to consider both variable and fixed costs. Variable costs will increase proportionally with production, while fixed costs will remain constant regardless of the number of units produced. Since Bike St. Pete is considering doubling its production from 1,000 to 2,000 tires, we can simply double the variable costs and add them to the fixed costs.
The variable costs per unit include direct materials ($20), direct manufacturing labor ($3), and variable manufacturing overhead ($6), which sum up to $29. For 2,000 tires, this equates to 2,000 x $29 = $58,000 in variable costs. The fixed manufacturing overhead is $10 per tire, but since it's a fixed cost, it does not change with the number of units produced. For 1,000 tires, it amounts to 1,000 x $10 = $10,000.
When production is expanded to 2,000 tires, the fixed cost remains at $10,000. Therefore, the total cost of producing 2,000 tires is the sum of the variable costs for 2,000 tires and the fixed costs, which is $58,000 + $10,000 = $68,000.
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If supply and demand are neither perfectly elastic nor inelastic (i.e. supply slopes upward and demand slopes downward), what will be the effect of a tax of $10 on the market for luxury purses that sell for $500? A. The market price of purses will increase but by less than $510 because consumers and producers will share the tax burden B. The market price of purses will not increase (it will remain at $500) since the tax was placed on producers only. C. The market price of purses will increase to more than $510 because producers will take the opportunity to recover all the tax revenue as well as a little extra D. The market price of purses will increase to $510 because of the tax ($500+ $10 tax $510)
Answer:
D. The market price of purses will increase to $510 because of the tax ($500+ $10 tax $510)
Explanation:
Tax of $10 on the luxury purses is a luxury tax.
A luxury tax is a tax that is charged as a percentage of the price, i.e. an ad valorem tax, on goods and services that considered not to be essential.
A luxury tax is a type of indirect tax and its effect is to increase the price of the commodity making the final consumer who buys the good to be the only one to bear the burden of the tax.
Therefore, a tax of $10 on luxury purses is equivalent to a 2% ad valorem tax and this will make the market price of purses to increase to $510 because of the tax ($500+ $10 tax $510).
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A national restaurant chain has just opened a sit-down location at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport. Next to the sit-down location, it has also established a "to-go" section where travelers can purchase premade sandwiches and salads, as well as drinks and snacks. Which dimension of the customer utility function is particularly emphasized with the "to-go" section?
Answer:
Timing.
Explanation:
The establishment of the to-go section by the national restaurant chain is an example of customer utility of time.
The premade sandwiches, salads, drinks, and snacks save the customer time he would have spent waiting for it to be prepared.
So instead of waiting for example 20 minutes for a sandwich, in just about 1 minute customers can pay for their sandwich.
IGM Technologies sells a new calibrated filtering system used to virtually eliminate all types of hazardous gas emissions in chemical plants. The filtering system involves complex technology that customers may not understand easily. The company sends its sales personnel for a two-day training course on the appropriate use and maintenance of the filtering system so that they can educate prospective customers about its application.
Which of the following elements of the promotion mix would most likely be used to sell this filtering system?
A) Personal selling
B) Mass marketing
C) Public relations
D) Advertising
Answer:
Personal Selling
Explanation:
Personal Selling is one of the elements of promotion mix which involves one to one sales communication with potential customers. Personal selling is one of the most effective promotion approaches because it can be tailored to meet potential customers needs, especially when sales of a particular product and service demands that.
In the case of IGM Technologies, personal selling would be the most likely used because of the complex technology that customers may not understand easily and need for sales personnel to educate potential customers about the product.
Others elements of promotion mix, such as advertising, public relations and mass marketing will be less effective as they don`t bring sales personnel close to potential customers as personal selling. And using any one of three other elements of promotion mix will not help potential customers to understand the complex technology, manner of usage and how to maintain the filtering system.
So personal selling will most likely be used.
You sold short 100 shares of common stock at $45 per share. The initial margin is 50%. At what stock price would you receive a margin call if the maintenance margin is 35%?
Answer:
The answer is $50
Explanation:
100(45) * 0.5 + 4500= $6750
[6750-100x] / 100x = 0.35
6750 = 135x
x = $50
A margin call will be triggered when the stock price falls to approximately $34.62 in a scenario of short-selling 100 shares at $45 each with an initial margin of 50% and a maintenance margin of 35%.
Explanation:The situation mentioned involves short-selling 100 shares at $45 each with an initial margin of 50%. The maintenance margin is 35%, and we want to find the stock price that triggers a margin call.
First, calculate the equity initially in the account: 100 shares * $45 * 50% = $2250. This is the amount you borrowed and must maintain in your account. The maintenance level is $2250 / (1 - 0.35) = $3461.54.
So, a margin call will occur when the value of 100 shares falls to $3461.54. Thus, the price per share triggering a margin call would be $3461.54 / 100 shares = $34.62 approximately.
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Max Weber believed that bureaucratic management was the only logical and efficient way to manage an organization. Many organizations do follow bureaucratic principles, but Valve’s Gabe Newell disagrees. His company has almost no management, and employees are expected to pursue their own projects. ________ shares this view that there are no universal management theories.
a.Systems management
b.Information management
c.Contingency management
Answer: (C) Contingency Management
Explanation:
The contingency management is one of the type of behavioral therapy that uses the various types of consequences and also the stimulus for changing the behavior in an organization.
It is basically refers to the three term contingency applications and also called as the operant conditioning that helps in implementing the CBT ( Cognitive-behavior therapy).
According to the given question, the Max Weber is basically believed in the bureaucratic management and he is peruse their project by using the contingency management.
Therefore, Option (C) is correct answer.
Contingency Management is the view that rejects the concept of universal management theories. It suggests that optimal business practices depend on various factors and that what works well in one situation may not necessarily work in another, implying that different situations require different management styles.
Explanation:The perspective that rejects the notion of universal management theories is Contingency Management. This approach argues that optimal business practices are contingent or depend on a variety of variables including the nature of the task, the type of environment, and the specific characteristics and abilities of the workers. In essence, a strategy that works well in one context may not necessarily work well in another.
For instance, Gabe Newell's management style at Valve demonstrates a lack of traditional management hierarchy, allowing employees to pursue their own projects. This sort of leadership may work in some organizations like Valve, but not in all. Therefore, Contingency Management recognizes that there are no one-size-fits-all solutions in management and that different situations require different management styles.
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Campbell Construction Company expects to build three new homes during a specific accounting period. The estimated direct materials and labor costs are as follows: Expected Costs Home 1 Home 2 Home 3 Direct labor $ 78,000 $ 95,000 $ 176,000 Direct materials 92,000 149,000 193,000 Assume Campbell needs to allocate two major overhead costs ($52,350 of employee fringe benefits and $30,380 of indirect materials costs) among the three jobs. Required Choose an appropriate cost driver for each of the overhead costs and determine the total cost of each house. (Round "Allocation rate" to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
The driver for employees fringe benefits is direct labor costs whereas the driver for indirect material costs is direct material costs
The total cost of each home is as follows:
Home 1 $188140
Home 2 $268860
Home 3 $408910
Explanation
Find the breakdown of the costs in the attached excel file.
In the new products process, after evaluating an idea, various views on the idea are combined together in what is often called the:
A. full screen.
B. decision window.
C. product protocol.
D. product prototype
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "A": full screen.
Explanation:
The full screen is a scoring model carried out to determine the feasibility of a product. In this stage, the technical and commercial aspects of that product are evaluated to find out if it is possible to be materialized or if the development of that good should stop.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was designed to protect A. retired workers from losing their pensions B. corporations from misguided whistleblowers. C. CEO salary increases. D. CEOs from losing their golden parachutes. E. shareholders from the excesses and failed oversight of firms.
Answer:
E. shareholders from the excesses and failed oversight of firms.
Explanation:
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was designed to protect investors and shareholders from accounting frauds, misguided financial statements and intentional errors by improving accuracy and reliability of company's accounts. This act was created in response to financial scandals and frauds that took place before 2002. Public corporations are required to comply with the Laws and regulations in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Any agreement should, as a part of the services provided, allow your organization to __________ your disaster recovery plan. Select one: a. test b. develop c. monitor d. All of the above
Answer:
The correct answer is A. Test.
Explanation:
A test is different from an experiment: Before performing a test, there is an expected result. The test is performed to show this result. In an experiment, the result is open. Very often, tests are performed as part of an experiment.
Problem 3-38 (LO 3-2, LO 3-3)Isabel, a calendar-year taxpayer, uses the cash method of accounting for her sole proprietorship. In late December she received a $31,000 bill from her accountant for consulting services related to her small business. Isabel can pay the $31,000 bill anytime before January 30 of next year without penalty. Assume her marginal tax rate is 37 percent this year and next year, and that she can earn an after-tax rate of return of 5 percent on her investments. a. What is the after-tax cost if Isabel pays the $31,000 bill in December?b. What is the after-tax cost if Isabel pays the $34,000 bill in January?
Answer:
Explanation:
1) After tax cost = pre-tax cost * (1-t) = 31000*(1-37%) = $19530
After tax cost = $19530
2)
Tax savings = 31000*37% = 11470
Present Value of Tax Savings = 11470*0.952 (1 Year, 5 percent) = $10919
After cost = 31000-10919 = $20081
There are many unstated assumptions in the problem given above. Even if the mathematical solution is to make only one or two types of bicycles, there may be demand for the type(s) not being made, which would create problems for the company. Discuss this and other difficulties that would arise in a real situation. Choose the correct answer below. A. The company may acquire more units of aluminum and steel, which would allow for producing more bicycles. A linear programming model cannot account for this. B. Due to higher production of certain types of bicycles, the company may incur higher costs for bicycle repairs. This would reduce the profit generated for certain levels of production. C. Producing more of one type of bicycle requires producing fewer of another type of bicycle. The linear programming model does not account for this. D. The company might need to lower the price of one type of bicycle to sell the predicted number of them. This would reduce the profit generated.
When only producing one or two types of bicycles, difficulties can arise due to unmet demand, the need to produce fewer of one type in order to produce more of another, and the potential need to lower prices.
Explanation:In a real situation, there are various difficulties that can arise when only producing one or two types of bicycles. One of the difficulties is that there may be demand for the types of bicycles that are not being produced, which can create problems for the company. For example, if the company only produces mountain bikes and road bikes, but there is also demand for hybrid bikes, the company may miss out on potential sales and profit. Additionally, producing more of one type of bicycle may mean producing fewer of another type, which the linear programming model does not account for. Lastly, the company may need to lower the price of one type of bicycle to sell predicted quantities, which would reduce the profit generated.
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Current assets are those assets that can be converted into cash within:
A. One year and never longer.
B. One year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer.
C. One year or the operating cycle, whichever is shorter.
D. Management's discretion.
Answer:
B. One year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer.
Explanation:
Current Assets are assets that can be converted into cash within a year or an operating cycle whichever is longer.
Current Assets are presented first on a balance sheet and arranged in order of liquidity.
Examples of current assets are cash ,
cash equivalents , short-term investments, accounts receivable and stock inventory.
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Current assets are defined as assets that can be converted into cash within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer, emphasizing the importance of liquidity for the ease of converting assets into cash.
Explanation:When discussing current assets, these are assets that can be converted into cash within a specific timeframe. The correct answer to the question is B. One year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer. Current assets include assets that are expected to be liquidated within one fiscal year or the company's operating cycle, whichever period is longer.
This is because the operating cycle can extend beyond a year for certain businesses, particularly in industries where longer periods are required to convert inventory into receivables and then to cash. In this context, liquidity is crucial as it refers to the ease and quickness with which an asset can be turned into cash, making it available for use in buying goods or services or fulfilling obligations.
Suppose that the total benefit and total cost from a continuous activity are, respectively, given by the following equations:
B(Q) = 100 + 36Q – 4Q2 and C(Q) =80 + 12Q.
(Note: MB(Q) = 36 – 8Q and MC(Q) = 12.)
Instructions: Use a negative sign (-) where appropriate.
a. Write out the equation for the net benefits.
N(Q) = + Q + Q2
b. What are the net benefits when Q = 1? Q = 5?
Net benefits when Q = 1:
Net benefits when Q = 5:
c. Write out the equation for the marginal net benefits.
MNB(Q) = + Q
d. What are the marginal net benefits when Q = 1? Q = 5?
Marginal net benefits when Q = 1:
Marginal net benefits when Q = 5:
e. What level of Q maximizes net benefits?
f. At the value of Q that maximizes net benefits, what is the value of marginal net benefits?
Answer:
A)= 20+24Q-4Q^{2} (This is the equation for the net benefits)
B) 40; 40
C)MNB(Q)= 24-8Q
D) 16; -16
E) Q=3
F)0
Explanation:
a) To write out the equation for the net benefits.
First, net benefits represents the difference obtained when the total benefits exceed the total costs derived form Q units of the control variable
Based on the definition, the equation is as follows
N(Q)= B(Q) - C(Q)
representing
N(Q)= The Net benefits that are derived from Q level of control variable
B(Q)= The total benefits derived from Q units of control variable
C(Q)= The total cost form Q units of control variable
As we have been given the following:B(Q)= 100 + 36Q - [tex]4Q^{2}[/tex] and C(Q) = 80 +12Q
This means:
N(Q)= 100+36Q-4Q^{2}- (80+12Q)
= 100+36Q-4Q^{2}-80-12Q
=100-80+36q-12Q-4Q^{2}
=20+24Q-4Q^{2}
= 20+24Q-4Q^{2} (This is the equation for the net benefits)
b) Determine he net benefits when Q = 1 and Q=5
Step 1) when Q=1 we use the formula 20+24Q-4Q^{2}
= 20+24Q-4Q^{2}
= 20(24x1)-(4x (1^{2))
=20+24-4
=40
Step 2) when Q=5 we use the formula 20+24Q-4Q^{2}
= 20+24Q-4Q^{2}
= 20(24x5)-(4x (5^{2))
=20+120-4x25
=140-100
=40
c)To write out the equation for the marginal net benefits
Marginal net benefits represent the change experienced in net benefits with change in one unit of the control variable
The formula therefore is as follows:
MNB(Q)=MB (Q)-MC(Q)
Representing
MNB (Q)= The marginal net benefits at Q level of control variable
MB(Q)= marginal benefits
MC(Q)=Marginal Costs
We are already given: MB(Q) = 36 – 8Q and MC(Q) = 12.)
This means
MNB(Q)=MB (Q)-MC(Q)
= 36-8Q-12
36-12-8Q
=24-8Q
MNB(Q)= 24-8Q
d) Find the marginal net benefits
Step 1) when Q=1 we use the formula for marginal net benefit MNB(Q)= 24-8Q
=MNB(Q)= 24-8(1)
= 16
Step 2) when Q=5 we use the formula for marginal net benefit MNB(Q)= 24-8Q
=MNB(Q)= 24-8(5)
=24-40
=-16
e) Calculate the maximum net benefits which represent the maximum level where the marginal costs= marginal benefits (it is a control variable level).
MB(Q)=MC(C)
MB(Q)= Marginal benefits
MC(Q)= Marginal Costs
We already know that MB(Q) =36-8Q and MC(Q)=12
Therefore, maximum benefit
= MB(Q)= MC(Q)
=36-8Q=12
8Q=36-12
8Q= 24
Q= 3.
This means that when Q is 3, then the net benefits will be at its maximum level
f) Compute marginal net benefits which is the difference between the marginal costs and benefits
MNB(Q)=MB(Q)-MC(Q)
MNB(Q)= Marginal net benefits
MB(Q)= Marginal benefits
MC(Q)= Marginal Costs
we already know that MB(Q) =36-8Q and MC(Q)=12
MNB(Q)= 36-8Q-12
=36-12-8Q
=24-8Q
Since the maximum level where net benefits are highest is 3 as calculated above, we then replace Q with 3 in the equation
MNB(Q)= =24-8(3)
= 24-24
=0
This means at Q level of 3, the net costs will be equal to the net benefits and the net benefits are at the maximum level.
Heinrich is a manufacturing engineer with the Miller Company. He has determined the costs of producing a new product to be as follows: Equipment cost: $288,000/year Equipment salvage value at EOY5= $41,000 Variable cost per unit of production: $14.55 Overhead cost per year: $48,300 If the Miller Company uses a 5-year planning horizon and the product can be sold for a unit price of $39.75, how many units must be produced and sold each year to break even?
The break-even point for the Miller Company is about 13,032 units per year. This was calculated by first finding the total fixed costs and the contribution margin per unit, and then dividing the total fixed costs by the contribution margin per unit.
Explanation:The subject is asking about the concept in business known as the break-even point, which is the point at which total costs equal total revenue, and the company is neither making a profit nor a loss. To find it for the Miller Company, we should add the yearly fixed costs together and then divide by the contribution margin per unit.
Step 1: Calculate Total Fixed Costs
Fixed costs = Equipment cost per year + Overhead cost per year - Equipment salvage value / 5 years
Fixed costs = $288,000 + $48,300 - $41,000 / 5
Fixed costs = $328,300 per year.
Step 2: Calculate Contribution Margin
Contribution Margin = Unit Selling Price - Variable Cost per unit
Contribution Margin = $39.75 - $14.55
Contribution Margin = $25.20 per unit.
Step 3: Calculate Break-Even Point
Break-even point = Fixed Costs / Contribution Margin
Break-even point = $328,300 / $25.20
Break-even point ≈ 13,031.75 units, rounding up to 13,032 units.
Hence, the Miller Company needs to produce and sell approximately 13,032 units of the product each year to break even.
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structural changes must an organization undertake to switch from a product to a customer orientation?
Final answer:
To switch from product to customer orientation, an organization needs to change its structure, strategies, and operations, with effective people management being central to this transition. Management needs to establish a sense of urgency and explain the need for change. These adjustments may encompass new roles, procedures, technologies, and a shift in corporate culture towards customer focus.
Explanation:
Organizational Changes Towards Customer Orientation:
When an organization decides to switch from a product orientation to a customer orientation, it must undertake a variety of structural changes. These changes include revising the company's structure, strategy, policies, and procedures to focus on customer needs rather than simply pushing products. Given that organizational change can provoke resistance, especially if there is a history of short-lived or unsuccessful changes, management needs to develop a sense of urgency for the change, demonstrating the necessity due to external or internal threats to the organization's competitiveness or survival. The scale of the change is also important, as a big shift such as adopting an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system has different implications compared to smaller changes like a new computer program.
Effective people management is crucial in a shift in orientation. The planned change could influence the entire mode of operation and can be as elaborate as moving to a matrix structure or as detailed as adopting new operating systems and addressing shareholder mentality about social and sustainability concerns. To garner support, those leading the change must communicate clearly about the need for change, as exemplified by the transformation enacted by Lou Gerstner at IBM.
Regardless of the scale, these changes often require employees to adapt to new roles and new ways of thinking, which can be facilitated by leadership that supports a culture of customer-centricity, cross-functional collaboration, and continuous improvement. Organizations may need to shift from vertical to horizontal structures, emphasize team-based approaches, and implement new supportive technology to put the customer at the center of their strategy.
To switch from a product-oriented company to a customer-oriented company, organizations must shift shareholder mentality towards long-term customer loyalty, redesign corporate structures, critically reassess business processes, and foster a culture of embracing change.
To transform from a product-oriented company to a customer-oriented company, organizations must undertake several key structural changes.
First, they need to change shareholder mentality by addressing social and sustainability concerns, ensuring that all stakeholders understand the importance of customer satisfaction. This involves shifting focus from short-term profits to long-term customer loyalty and lifetime value.Next, the organization needs to shift to a new operating system by revising and redesigning corporate structures and processes. This transformation might involve settling into a matrix structure where employees report to both team leaders and department managers, promoting cross-functional collaboration and customer-focused outcomes.Moreover, the company needs to critically reevaluate its business processes, reassess the entire supply chain, and build stronger relationships with suppliers, distributors, and customers to ensure an integrated approach in meeting customer needs. By focusing on speed, efficiency, and cost, the company can achieve operational excellence tailored to targeted customer segments.Lastly, creating a culture that embraces change is crucial. Employees need to understand the urgency and benefits of the transformation to minimize resistance and ensure smooth adaptation to new practices. Highlighting the external or internal threats to competitiveness can help in fostering a sense of urgency and the need for change.Complete question:
What structural changes must an organization undertake to switch from a product-oriented company to a customer -oriented company?
In 2014 American Electric Power (AEP), an electric utility with operations from Texas to Michigan, produced 207 million megawatt-hours of electricity (a megawatt-hour measures the output of an electricity-generating plant). The company also had 16,000 U.S. employees.What is average product of the AEP?
Answer:
12,937.5 megawatt-hours of electricity per employee
Explanation:
Average product is the output produced per unit of input. In this case the total output is 207,000,000 megawatt-hours of electricity and the variable input is the number of employees (16,000).
Average product = 207,000,000 megawatt-hours of electricity / 16,000 employees = 12,937.5 megawatt-hours of electricity per employee
*When you are measuring average product per employee, the term that is generally used is labor productivity, sounds a little better.
Demelza purchased her favorite perfume three months ago, J’adore by Dior, for $75. She logs online to purchase one for her friends birthday and it is now $100. What is the percentage change in the perfume price?Select one:a. 75%b. 50%c. 25%d. 33%
Answer:
Option (d) is correct.
Explanation:
Initial price of perfume three years ago = $75
New price of perfume = $100
Therefore,
Percentage change in the perfume price:
= [(New price of perfume - Initial price of perfume) ÷ (Initial price of perfume)] × 100
= [($100 - $75) ÷ ($75)] × 100
= 33.33%(approx)
Hence, the percentage change in the perfume price is 33.33%.
Final answer:
The percentage change in the price of the perfume is calculated using the given formula, resulting in a 33.33% increase, which rounds to the nearest given option of 33%.
Explanation:
The question asks for the percentage change in the price of a perfume. Initially, the perfume was purchased for $75 and later priced at $100. To find the percentage change, we use the formula: (New Price - Original Price) / Original Price × 100. Plugging in the values gives: ($100 - $75) / $75 × 100 = $25 / $75 × 100 = 33.33%. Therefore, the closest percentage change from the options given is 33%.
At Dwight Incorporated, total fixed and variable costs are $420,000 at a production level of 130,000 units. The company has total fixed costs of $225,000. The variable cost per unit at 200,000 units is ______.
Answer:
$1.5
Explanation:
Variable costs are the expenses that change with the production level. They increase as output increase and decrease as production decline.
Fixed cost remains constant throughout the period.
For Dwight: Total fixed and variable costs are $420,000 at 130,000 production levels. If fixed costs is $225,000, then the variable cost will be
=$ 420,000- $225,000
=$195,000
Variable cost at 130,000 units are $195,000
total cost divided by units produced
variable cost per units = 195,000/130,000
=$1.5
At 200,000 units fixed will remain at $225,000 but variable cost rate will be $1.5
Answer:
The variable cost per unit at the 200,000 units amounts to $300,000.
Explanation:
Computing the variable cost is as:
Total fixed and variable cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost
$420,000 = $225,000 + Variable cost
Variable cost = $420,000 - $225,000
Variable cost = $195,000
Now,
we will compute the variable cost per unit which is as follows:
Variable cost per unit = Variable Cost / Units
= $195,000 / 130,000
= $1.5
Therefore, the variable cost per unit is $1.5
So, for 200,000 units it will be:
= Variable cost per unit × Units
= $1.5 × 200,000
= $300,000
84. Which is available when creating list views? (Choose two.)
(A) List views can be filtered using AND, OR and NOT filters
(B) List views can be filtered by tags
(C) List views can be filtered by record owner profile
(D) List views can be filtered by record ownership
Answer:
(A) List views can be filtered using AND, OR and NOT filters.
(D) List view can be filtered by record ownership
Explanation:
A list view is a filter that enables to view a list of items which can be scrolled. It will help us find the information easily. It also saves time and arranging data according to requirements is simplified. List view can be filtered by using AND, OR and NOT. List view also enables to filter by record ownership. Option A and D are correct.
When creating list views, you can filter using AND, OR, and NOT filters as well as by record ownership. The two options are part of functions used to manage, customize, and narrow down data display.
Explanation:In the context of computing and data management, while creating list views, various filters can be applied to narrow down or specify the data displayed. The options available in this scenario are (A) List views can be filtered using AND, OR and NOT filters and (D) List views can be filtered by record ownership. Option (A) allows for logical operations to be performed on the data while option (D) means the list can be filtered based on who owns the record.
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