Answer:
Construct validity
Explanation:
A researcher wants to measure attitudes towards gun control by asking people whether they would be worried about traveling to areas where there are known to be a lot of illegal guns. Critics argue that the conceptualization does not really look as though it is related to attitudes about gun control, in other words, that it lacks construct validity.
Construct validity is the degree to which a research studies the data or measures it claims to be studying, that is, the degree the measures taken in a study is reflective of the goal or aim of the study. If a researcher takes measures that is not reflective of the aim of his study, that study could be said to lack construct validity.
Final answer:
Critics argue that the researcher's method lacks construct validity because it may not accurately measure attitudes towards gun control but instead measures personal safety concerns. Construct validity ensures the measure aligns with the intended theoretical concept, and reliability is a key component but not solely sufficient for validity.
Explanation:
The critics argue that the researcher's method for measuring attitudes towards gun control, which involves asking about worry related to travel in areas with many illegal guns, lacks construct validity. Construct validity refers to the degree to which a test or instrument measures the concept it's intended to measure. For instance, being concerned about traveling to areas with many illegal guns may reflect personal safety concerns rather than attitudes towards gun control policies. Therefore, the measure might not be truly assessing the conceptual variable of gun control attitudes.
A key aspect of construct validity is also ensuring that the measure is reliable, meaning it consistently produces similar results under the same conditions. Reliability is necessary for validity, but on its own, it is not sufficient. A measure could be reliable without being valid if, for example, it consistently measures something other than the intended construct. To improve construct validity, researchers might use multiple methods to ensure that the measure aligns well with the theoretical construct of interest, such as through correlation with other validated measures or factor analysis.
The environmental lapse rate typically decreases at night becausea. the surface cools more slowly than the air aloft. b. the surface absorbs less longwave radiation than the air aloft. c. the surface cools more rapidly than the air aloft. d. the surface absorbs more longwave radiation than the air aloft.
Answer:
C.The surface cools more rapidly than the air aloft
Explanation:
At night surface close to the ground becomes cool,the air above this surface becomes warm as a result of temperature inversion.
Density is a key component in the behavior of Earth materials and is especially important in understanding important aspects of the plate tectonics model. Describe three different ways that density and/or density differences play a role in plate tectonics.
Answer:
Density is one of the most factors that play a key role in plate tectonic activities. Some of the ways in which density is important in the field of plate tectonics are as follows-
The convergent plate boundaries are responsible for the creation of a subduction zone, where the high-density lithospheric plate subducts below the less dense one. It is because the heavier plate is comprised of heavy minerals thereby forming heavier rocks as a result of which its density increases. Due to these differences in density, there occurs a subduction zone. The divergent plate boundary forms where two plates move away from one another. This type of plate motion is responsible for the eruption of magma on the seafloor. As the plates diverge, the lithosphere becomes eventually thin, and with more progressive spreading, the magma comes out to the seafloor. This is because the hot magma is less dense, and forms convection cells as they rise upward. This is how the density helps in the upwelling of magma at the mid-oceanic ridge in a divergent plate boundary. When there collide two plates of equal densities, then it gives rise to the formation of huge mountains, because neither of them is heavy to get sink. So it uplifts the crust, forming a sandwich-type pattern.The key component in the behavior of Earth materials is:
DensityPlate TectonicsThis refers to the scientific theory which explains how the major landforms of earth moved over time from one place to the another.
With that in mind, we can see that the different ways through which density plays a role in plate tectonics includes:
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Our Solar System _________.a. completes one rotation around the center of the Milky Way every 250 million years. b. is held together by the gravitational pulls of Jupiter and Saturn. c. currently consists of nine planets. d. is centrally positioned in the Milky Way Galaxy.
Answer:
The good option is:
.a. completes one rotation around the center of the Milky Way every 250 million years.
Explanation:
Our system, the Solar System , travels in space in its orbit aroud the center of the Milky Way at a speed of 250 km/hour. It is located on the outer regions of the galaxy. The Sun is distant some 26,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy.
The GAIA spacecraft is capable of measuring parallax angles as small as about 0.00002 arcseconds (20 microarcseconds). Based on this fact, GAIA should in principle be able to measure the distances of stars located __________.
Answer:
It will be able to measure the distances of stars located across the Milky Way galaxy and outside it up to a distance of 50 Kiloparsec.
Explanation:
1 arcsecond is 1/parsec.
0.00002 arcsecond is 1/0.00002 parsec = 50,000 parsecs or 50 Kiloparsecs.
The shortest distance to the edge of the Milky Way is about 8 Kiloparsec and the farthest is about 24 Kiloparsec. So at this parallax angle, it can measure the distances of stars across the Milky Way galaxy. Any stars within a distance of 50 Kpc will be measured by GAIA. However, since the closest galaxy to the Milky Way is about 770 Kpc away, GAIA will be unable to measure any stars in another galaxy.
Final answer:
The GAIA spacecraft can accurately measure parallax angles as small as 20 microarcseconds, enabling measurement of stellar distances up to about 30,000 light-years away, far beyond the 300 light-year capability of its predecessor Hipparcos.
Explanation:
The GAIA spacecraft is an exceptional tool for measuring parallax angles to an incredible precision of about 20 microarcseconds, far exceeding the capabilities of its predecessor, Hipparcos. Given this precision, GAIA can measure the distances of stars much farther than ground-based observations could previously achieve. In particular, with an accuracy of a few microarcseconds, GAIA extends our ability to accurately measure stellar distances up to about 30,000 light-years away, covering nearly a third of the galactic disk. This is significantly further than the approximately 300 light-year extent possible with Hipparcos, illustrating GAIA's remarkable improvement in the field of astrometry.
When a metamorphic rock exhibits a layered or banded appearance, it is said to exhibit a(n) __________ texture.
Answer:
Explanation:
When a metamorphic rock exhibits a layered or banded appearance, it is said to exhibit a foliated texture.
In geology, foliation texture is a texture that has layerings in a repititive manner, usually in metamorphic rocks. Each layer vary in thickness. It can be as thin as 0.05cm or more than a meter in thickness.
What was the main reason Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis was rejected? He could provide only illogical explanations for the movement of the continents. He was not well respected by other scientists. His evidence was incorrect. He could not provide a wholly acceptable explanation for the movement of the continents.
Wegener could not provide a wholly acceptable explanation for the movement of the continents.
Explanation:
Alfred Wegener is the person that developed and promoted the continental drift theory. Despite him having developed the basic idea behind the process, as well as managing to find several clues to support it, his ideas were not accepted by the other scientists and he found it extremely hard to gain support. The main reason as to why this was the case was that he didn't really had wholly acceptable explanation about the movement of the continents.
Everything that Wegener provided as evidence was correct, and it was proving a point. The problem was that he still lacked explanation for the driving force of this process, nor did he had any proof about it, and that was the basis for all other things. Every clue that he had was the final product, but no one could explain as to how that actually happened.
Some of Wegener's evidence were:
identical fossils on different continentsmatching coastlinesspreading zones matching rock strata on different continentsLearn more about the continental drift theory https://brainly.com/question/5002949
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Wegener's continental drift hypothesis was rejected mainly because he could not provide a satisfactory explanation for how the continents moved. His suggestion that continents moved over time was unprecedented and lacked the support of a convincing underlying mechanism.
Explanation:The primary reason Wegener's continental drift hypothesis was rejected was that he could not provide a wholly acceptable explanation for the movement of the continents. Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, proposed the idea of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that continents moved across the surface of the Earth over thousands of years. However, he lacked a convincing mechanism to explain this movement. In Wegener's time, the scientific community did not have the advances of seabed mapping or the concept of sea-floor spreading that would later support the theory of plate tectonics. His proposal was thus met with significant skepticism, as he could not satisfactorily explain how the continents moved.
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What is the primary function of earth's atmosphere A- to trap heat from the sun B- to shield the planet from harmful radiation C- to disintegrate space derbis before it reaches the surface D- all of the above
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The primary function of the earth's atmosphere is to protects the earth from the harmful rays and acts a shield made of tiny particles.
Final answer:
B- to shield the planet from harmful radiation.
Explanation:
The primary function of Earth's atmosphere is to act as a protective shield, primarily by absorbing and scattering the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This protective layer prevents most of the harmful UV radiation from reaching the Earth's surface, thereby safeguarding living organisms. While the atmosphere does play a role in regulating temperature (by trapping some heat), and it can interact with space debris, its central function is the protection of the planet from harmful radiation. Therefore, option B, "to shield the planet from harmful radiation," is the most accurate description.
Sea stars are broadcast spawners: They release their gametes into the water without courtship. Which of these reproductive isolation mechanisms is most likely affecting sea stars?
a. behavioral isolation or mechanical isolation
b. gametic isolation or temporal isolation
c. habitat isolation
Answer:
b. gametic isolation or temporal isolation
Explanation:
Gametic isolation is a type of prezygotic barrier where the gametes (egg and sperm) come into contact, but no fertilization takes place.
Temporal isolation - separation in time such that reproduction occurs at different times of the day, or season or even years. For example, consider the time of day when Evening primrose or Morning glory flowers. The Western spotted skunk mates late summer, whereas the eastern spotted skunk mates in late winter.
Chinese porcelain was highly valued in Europe for its beauty, style, and durability. However, imported porcelain from China was very expensive. Crafters in Germany and England developed new methods of making porcelain using feldspar and bone rather than the kaolin that was used in China. This new porcelain was viewed as having similar quality to Chinese porcelain, and the new methods continued to be used in Europe. This example describes what type of diffusion?a. Relocation diffusion, because the Chinese brought their porcelain to Europeb. Stimulus diffusion, because the Europeans adapted a Chinese concept to fit their own needsc. Contagious diffusion, because people throughout the world adopted the use of porcelaind. Hierarchical diffusion, because only the wealthy could afford porcelaine. Expansion diffusion, because the porcelain-making process spread from China to Europe
Answer:
The answer is Option B: Stimulus diffusion, because the Europeans adapted a Chinese concept to fit their own needs.
Explanation:
Stimulus diffusion is a type of cultural diffusion. The different types of diffusion explain the variations in how cultural practices are adopted and shared. Diffusion is also an explanation for how trends and cultural practices are spread from place to place. Stimulus diffusion is the kind of diffusion where a practice is adopted in a new location or cultural context, but the process is adapted or changed in order to meet the conditions in the new location or context. It is not just replicating the process used in China to make porcelain, it is adapting it to the materials available locally.
Answer:
Stimulus diffusion occurred as a result of Europeans adopting a Chinese concept to meet their own demands.
Explanation:
Option B is the correct answer.
Cultural diffusion is a sort of stimulus dissemination.
The many types of diffusion explain how cultural practices are acquired and shared in different ways.Diffusion also explains how trends and cultural practices spread from one location to another.Stimulus diffusion occurs when a practice is accepted in a new place or cultural context, but the process is altered or advanced to match the conditions of the new location or environment.It is not simply copying the porcelain-making method employed in China; it is also customizing it to the resources available here.
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At mid-ocean ridges, as two plates diverge solid mantle in the asthenosphere rises toward the surface and begins to melt due to decompression. solid mantle in the asthenosphere rises toward the surface and begins to melt due to the addition of heat. liquid mantle in the asthenosphere rises toward the surface.
Sea-floor spreading is the process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges where tectonic plates diverge. As a result of decreased pressure, the solid mantle from the asthenosphere rises and begins to melt due to decompression and heat, resulting in magma that forms new oceanic crust.
Explanation:The process you are referring to is known as sea-floor spreading, a theory in earth science. At mid-ocean ridges, tectonic plates separate, creating a gap. As this happens, pressure in the asthenosphere decreases, causing the solid mantle to decompress and rise towards the surface. This decompression results in partial melting of the mantle. This molten, or semi-molten rock, known as magma, then rises to fill the gap created by the diverging plates. The magma cools and solidifies to form new oceanic crust. Therefore, the mantle in the asthenosphere rises and begins to melt due to the decompression and addition of heat, not because it is already in a liquid state.
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At mid-ocean ridges, as two tectonic plates diverge, the solid mantle in the asthenosphere rises toward the surface and begins to melt due to decompression.
This process is primarily driven by a decrease in pressure as the plates move apart. As the mantle rises, the reduction in pressure allows it to undergo decompression melting, which occurs because the mantle rock contains volatile substances (such as water) that can form magma when pressure is reduced.
The addition of heat does play a role in the overall temperature of the asthenosphere, but decompression melting is the dominant process responsible for creating magma at mid-ocean ridges.
The heat in the asthenosphere is generally relatively constant, with the major factor causing melting being the reduction in pressure as the mantle material rises closer to the surface.
This results in the formation of molten rock or magma, which can eventually erupt as material at the mid-ocean ridges, creating new oceanic crust.
As tectonic plates move apart at mid-ocean ridges, there is a decrease in pressure on the mantle material beneath. The solid mantle rock in the asthenosphere begins to rise towards the surface. It's important to note that this rising occurs primarily due to the reduction in pressure, not because of an intense increase in temperature.
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As geographers use the term, scale tells usa.the weight of a given commodity.b.the intrinsic character of the object or area studied.c.the relationship between earth distance and map distance.d.the length of a degree of longitude along different parallels.
Answer:
Option (C)
Explanation:
A scale is usually defined as the ratio between the distance between two particular places on the map and the actual distance between the two places on the actual ground surface.
It is widely used by the geographers while studying a map, in order to explain the relationship between the map distance and the earth's distance. This scale is mentioned in the map, mostly at the bottom of the map.
For example, a map scale of 1:500000, this means that 1 centimeter on the map is equivalent to 5000 meters = 5 kilometers on the ground surface.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Which of the following geographic characteristics of the United States has had a positive influence on the country’s political status?
A) Access to both the Pacific and Atlantic
B) Oceans Limited number of neighboring countries
C) Regional differences among the population
D) Country’s proximity to the Mexican border
Answer:
A and B
Explanation:
Access to both the pacific and Atlantic
Ocean limited number of neighbouring country
In 2001, scientists announced that they had discovered a species of dinosaur called Albertaceratops nesmoi that they believed to be an ancestor of another better-known dinosaur species. How would scientists have determined that this newly discovered species was related to other known species of dinosaur? A) Scientists made careful observations of behavioral patterns. Eliminate B) The DNA mutation rates for both species was calculated and compared. C) Scientists made a detailed analysis of the fossilized bones of each species. D) The enzyme activity of each species was studied to determine similarities in metabolism.
Answer:
C) Scientists made a detailed analysis of the fossilized bones of each species.
Explanation:
Scientists made a detailed analysis of the fossilized bones of each species. This detailed analysis of the fossilized bones provided scientists with direct physical evidence of the similarity of the two species.
Sedimentary rock is formed ________.as sediment materials are pressed together and infiltrated by minerals by vaporization of organic material by magma by the heating of igneous rock by the heat of the core by the cooling of igneous rock from the melting of metamorphic rock
Answer:
Option (1)
Explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are usually defined as those rocks where the sediments are deposited, thereby undergone compaction and lithification. These rocks are comprised of fossils at different places. It is because they are soft sediments and the fossilized materials are preserved in it.
The sediments or the broken rock fragments are formed due to the combination of weathering and erosion process, and these sediments are then transported to some other places by the agents such as wind, water, and ice.
After these sediments are deposited in a new place they are subjected to compaction and often minerals are embedded on it, and after solidification, gives rise to the formation of sedimentary rocks.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
Since we know the difference in height between these two locations, using the atmospheric lapse rate equation provided above, predict the temperature difference between the two locations. (Pay attention to units!. Round to 2 decimal places)
Answer: a) Difference between the two mean temperatures = 16°C
b) The temperature difference between the two locations, according to the lapse rate equation is 23.45°C
c) The true temperature difference is lower than that predicted by the temperature lapse rate formula.
Explanation: a) Difference between the two mean temperatures = 25 - 9 = 16°C
b) The environmental lapse rate (ELR), is the rate of decrease of temperature with altitude in the stationary atmosphere at a given time and location.
The atmospheric temperature lapse rate as defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for an International Standard Atmosphere is = 6.5°C/km
For this question, distance between the two points is 3613 m = 3.613 km
Temperature difference = 6.5°C/km × 3.613km = 23.45°C.
c) The true difference, 16°C, is less than the predicted difference, 23.45°C.
QED!
The boundary where two plates meet and trenches are formed is called
The boundary where two plates meet and trenches are formed is called a convergent boundary or a subduction zone.
What is boundary where two plates meet and trenches are formed is called?A convergent boundary is a type of tectonic plate boundary where two plates come together and collide. There are three main types of convergent boundaries: oceanic-continental convergence, oceanic-oceanic convergence, and continental-continental convergence.
In an oceanic-continental convergence, an oceanic plate and a continental plate converge. The denser oceanic plate subducts or sinks beneath the less dense continental plate. .
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On the map above, the circled area is called the __________, and the triangle shows the location of the __________. A. Ethiopian Highlands . . . Horn of Africa B. Great Rift Valley . . . Horn of Africa C. Great Rift Valley . . . Ethiopian Highlands D. Horn of Africa . . . Ethiopian Highlands
On the map above, the circled area is called the Horn of Africa, and the triangle shows the location of the Ethiopian Highlands. Hence, option D is appropriate.
What is the meaning of a Map?A map of the world is a representation of all or a portion of the earth's surface that highlights political boundaries, geographical features like mountains and rivers, roadways, and other man-made features like buildings and roads.
A map is a graphic depiction of an entire region or a specific region, usually displayed on a level surface.
There are five different types of maps, according to the ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee for Surveying and Mapping: general reference, topographical, thematic, navigation charts, and cadastral maps and plans).
Jordan Peterson, a clinical psychologist, and professor of psychology from Canada published The Architecture of Belief in 1999. With current scientific knowledge of the way the brain works, the book presents an explanation for how people build meaning. The word "map" originates from the medieval Latin phrase Mappa Mundi, where mappa denoted a cloth or napkin and Mundi denoted the entire world. As a result, the word "map" was shorthand for a two-dimensional rendering of the earth's surface.
Hence, option D is correct.
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On the map above, the circled area is called the Horn of Africa and the triangle shows the location of the Ethiopian Highlands. The Option D.
Geographic Features in East AfricaIn East Africa, the circled area on the map is known as the Ethiopian Highlands, a region characterized by its high plateaus and rugged terrain. These highlands are an essential geographic feature of the area, playing a significant role in the region's climate and biodiversity.
Furthermore, the triangle on the map indicates the location of the Horn of Africa, a distinctive geographical region that extends into the eastern part of the continent. This area is of great importance due to its strategic location along the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.
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Undulations in the upper (higher elevation)air of the Westerlies are called jet stream disturbances, or _________, and are responsible for bringing variable warm & cold temperatures to mid-latitude (45 degrees and thereabouts) landmasses.
Answer:
Rossby waves
Explanation:
Rossby waves are upper-air waves troposhpere they usually have a wavelengths of range from 4000-6000. Rossby waves are large body of air with fairly uniform charactersitics of temperature and moisture.
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding offsets in the mid-ocean ridge system?
A. Offsets include both inactive and active segments.
B. Segments of a mid-ocean ridge are initially aligned.
C. Transform faults form when different segments spread at different rates.
D. Offsets occur where two plates slide past each other.
E. Transform faults run parallel to the mid-ocean ridge axis.
F. Fracture zones occur where two plates are locally colliding.
Offsets in the mid-ocean ridge system involve both inactive and active segments, transform faults form when different segments spread at different rates, and these faults run parallel to the mid-ocean ridge axis.
Explanation:The correct statements regarding offsets in the mid-ocean ridge system are:
A. Offsets include both inactive and active segments. Offsets can occur in both active and inactive segments of the mid-ocean ridge system. Inactive segments are usually marked by transform faults.C. Transform faults form when different segments spread at different rates. Transform faults are formed when segments of the mid-ocean ridge spread at different rates. These faults allow the plates to slide past each other horizontally.E. Transform faults run parallel to the mid-ocean ridge axis. Transform faults that form as a result of offsets in the mid-ocean ridge system run parallel to the axis of the ridge.Learn more about Offsets in the mid-ocean ridge system here:https://brainly.com/question/31920427
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Recognizing the need for organizations to improve the state of people, the planet, and profit simultaneously if they are to achieve sustainable, long-term growth is known as sustainability. social responsibility. the marketing concept. the triple bottom line.
Answer:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the investment that companies voluntarily make to obtain improvements in their social, economic and environmental areas.
From the point of view of the marketing of the company, the investment is made to improve its competitiveness, since its image is strengthened as certain certifications are obtained, which is "sold" by the firm as added value.
The triple balance is the system by which the performance of the company in these areas is valued. Currently, there are numerous CSR evaluation systems, with standards that differ in accordance with the nature of the companies.
Explanation:
Hello!
According to the 1987 Bruntland report, sustainability implies "the satisfaction of current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs".
Applied to companies, good performance in CSR seeks to maximize its economic benefit and its environmental responsibility, as well as minimize its negative externalities.
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Which of the following headlines from possible news stories relate(s) to Earth Science?
Choose one or more:
a. Ancient artifacts found in Mayan Temple reveal what life was like for the wealthy Mayans
b. EPA under the microscope after 2015 Colorado Gold King Mine spill
c. Scientists search genome to make cancer treatments more effective
d. NASA prepares for launch of James Webb telescope, which will give us new insights into outer space
e. New Ebola vaccine shows promising results in human clinical trials
Final answer:
The headline pertaining to Earth Science is about the EPA's scrutiny after the 2015 Colorado Gold King Mine spill, which deals with environmental impact and regulation.
Explanation:
The headline that relates to Earth Science is:
b. EPA under the microscope after 2015 Colorado Gold King Mine spillThis headline indicates an environmental issue that falls under Earth Science, specifically related to the impact of human activities on the environment, which is a concern for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Such an event relates to the study of how pollutants affect ecosystems, the soil and water quality, and environmental health and regulations.
Which of the following statements about circumpolar stars is true at all latitudes? a. They are the stars close to the north celestial pole. b. They always remain above your horizon. c. They make relatively small circles, traveling clockwise around the north celestial pole. d. Like all other stars, they rise in the east and set in the west. e. You cannot see them from the Southern Hemisphere.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Circumpolar stars remain above the horizon at all times throughout the year. They do not rise or set, even at times when we cannot see them, they remain in the sky. These stars are visible towards the nearest pole at night throughout the year.
Circumpolar stars always remain visible above the horizon. They are seen as circling one of the celestial poles due to the Earth's rotation. The pattern of these stars differ based on the observer's latitude.
Explanation:The statement about
circumpolar stars
that is true at all latitudes is 'b. They always remain above your horizon.'
Circumpolar stars
are those stars that, due to the observer's latitude, do not set below the horizon and are thus visible at all hours of the night. These stars seem to circle around one of the celestial poles, never rising or setting, but instead continue to circle the sky. This happens because of Earth's rotation on its axis. However, it's essential to note that the specific stars considered circumpolar change depending on the observer's latitude. For example, at the Earth's North or South Poles, all visible stars would be circumpolar.
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In his famous book Principles of Geology, Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, Charles Lyell stated that Earth's geological features were formed by the same currently observable processes taking place. Charles Darwin was greatly influenced by Lyell's work and proposed that the current diversity of life can also be explained by mechanisms that are in operation today, acting over very long periods of time. Why was this a critical understanding for both scientists?A. They both understood that past processes were different and that only currently observable processes could be tested.
B. They both understood that geological processes and biological processes were different from one another, but were observable.
C. They both understood that although past processes could not be scientifically tested, current processes in both geology and biology could be tested.
D. They both understood that if currently observable processes acted in the same manner in the distant past, those processes could then be scientifically tested
Answer:
D. They both understood that if currently observable processes acted in the same manner in the distant past, those processes could then be scientifically tested
Explanation:
The scientists observed and analyzed different processes that have occurred. It was discovered that the processes could be linked together and there is the possibility of studying the processes experimental to prove their existence. In addition, they believed that the processes could be tested scientifically.
Divergent plate boundaries are where the lithosphere is being rifted apart. What fills in the area of the rift?
Answer:
Magma fills those area forming a new crust eventually.
Explanation:
Divergent plate boundary is where tectonic plates move apart. The divergent boundary occur between oceanic crusts or continental crusts but it is more prevalent in the oceanic crust.
The oceanic crust where most divergent boundary occurs introduce aesthenosphere material to the sea floor causing a formation of new crust.
When plates moves apart, through the oceanic ridges molten magma are released to form a new crust. The magma creeps through cracks and fissures and eventually get exposed to the surface. The rapid cooling of this magma forms mostly extrusive igneous rocks.
Rift are linear area formed as result of tectonic plates moving apart. Rifts are a kind of valley form when their is extensional forces. As the plates rift apart the valley are formed , aesthenosphere materials like molten magma fills in the rift to form a new crust after rapid cooling.
The pictures above show divergent boundaries and how rift are formed in a divergent boundary.
The UTM coordinates of point A are 500,000 meters East, 2,000,000 meters North, Zone 17 North. The coordinates of point B are 300,000 meterThe UTM coordinates of point A are 500,000 meters East, 2,000,000 meters North, Zone 17 North. The coordinates of point B are 300,000 meters East, 3,000,000 meters North, Zone 18 North. Which point is associated with the least projection-induced scale error?s East, 3,000,000 meters North, Zone 18 North. Which point is associated with the least projection-induced scale error?
A) Point A
B) Point B
C) The error at both points is 1 part in 2500
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The value of scale error is always zero along the two standard lines that run parallel to the Central Meridian. Both lines are at a distance of 180,000 meters from the Central Meridian, in east and west direction, respectively. As the distance from the standard lines increases, Scale Error also increases. As the Eastern distance of point A is higher than that of point B it has higher scaler error (The scale factor at the central meridian is 0.9996). Hence, point B has least scale error.
Cave swallows make nests out of saliva, which some people harvest to make soup. If too many nests are harvested the swallows will not be able to rear their young and the population will crash. Which concept could help people determine how many nests to harvest?1. The cost of bird’s nest soup
2. International policy
3. Maximum sustainable yield
4. The tragedy of the commons
5. The fundamental niche of the cave swallow
Answer:
The correct answer is "3. Maximum sustainable yield"
Explanation:
Examining all the options,
The cost of bird nest soup cannot help people determine how many nests to harvest. By either increasing or decreasing the price, there is no direct or indirect effect on the peoples' ability to harvest the birds' nests.
International policies are those policies a nation sets up in order to protect their interest in the international field. The issue of nests harvesting might sometimes be a national issue. You cannot set up an international policy that would affect issues that occur nationally(within the auspices of the nation).
Maximum sustainable yield is the largest yield that can be taken out of a certain resource within a period of time. This concept can help people determine the number of nests to harvest because it tells them to stop when a particular number of nests have been harvested within a set time period.
The tragedy of the commons is a situation where shared-resources are over-consumed, spoiled and depleted by those who put their own self interest ahead of the interest of others. It cannot help the people to determine how many nests to harvest because if certain individuals are self-centered and ultimately greedy, they would go the extra mile to achieve their goal without considering the consequence of the birds extinction.
Fundamental niche of the cave swallow are the conditions it requires to survive and reproduce itself. However, there is an absence in the interaction with other species. This means that other species are not taken into account. This concept cannot help people determine how many nests to harvest, rather, realized niche may help.
In Ptolemy’s Earth-centered model for the solar system, Venus’s phase is never full as viewed from Earth because it always lies between Earth and the Sun. In reality, as Galileo first recognized, Venus is __________.
a. full whenever it lies directly between Earth and the Sun.
b. full whenever it is on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth, although we cannot see the full Venus because it is close to the Sun in the sky.
c. never full because Earth's shadow falls on Venus at the time when it would otherwise be full.
d. never full because the sunlit side of Venus never faces directly toward Earth.
Answer:
The correct answer is B - full whenever it is on the opposite side of the Sun from Earth, although we cannot see the full Venus because it is close to the Sun in the sky.
Which of the following is a sink?
A. fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas
B. a location for carbon dioxide storage
C. the origination point of a gas, such as a volcano
D. the origination point of a gas, such as the atmosphere
Answer:
Sink is Option A: fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas.
Explanation:
The given option B, which is a location for carbon dioxide storage is not a sink. Neither is a volcano, Option C, which is made of hot molten rock erupt from Earth's surface or atmosphere, Option D a sink.
Fossils fuels such as coal, oil and gas are sink. Coal forms are formed when dead plants sink to the bottoms of swamps. The organic matter slowly becomes peat which gradually becomes coal, after a lot of pressure is crated on it. The other kinds of fossil fuels, oil and natural gas, are not rocks. They are also formed when tiny creatures get buried deep inside and over years, sediments change organic mater into natural gas (given enough pressure on them).
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides can displace large volumes of water in the ocean and trigger which of the following natural disasters? a. Mass wasting b. Tsunamis c. Lahars d. Tornadoes
Answer: B Tsunamis
Explanation: tsunami is generated by displacement of large volume of water which the causes of the displacement can be earthquake, volcanoes, landslide and other underwater explosion. Tsunami is refered to as tidal waves
Read the following excerpt from The Works of John Playfair (1822). What glacial landform is being described?
"For the moving of large masses of rock, the most powerful engines without doubt that nature employs are the glaciers….[Rock] fragments they gradually transport to their utmost boundaries, where a formidable wall ascertains the magnitude, and attests the force, of the great engine by which it was erected."
A) Arête
B) Drumlin
C) Horn
D) Moraine
Answer:
Option (D)
Explanation:
A moraine is usually defined as a glaciated landform that is formed by the accumulation of sediments and the moving glaciers. It is comprised of well-sorted sediment particles, which are being shaped during its time of transportation.
There are three distinct types of moraines, namely-
Lateral moraine- These are found to be deposited along the sides of the glacier Medial moraine- This type of moraines joins the two separate glaciers Terminal moraine- This type of moraine is found at the end of the glacier. It is located at the furthest distance from the main glaciers.Thus, the correct answer is option (D).